The ecological significance of biological diversity

Ambio

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 409-416

  Holdgate, Martin ^a  

^a NONE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEM RESILIENCE;

EID: 0030300978     PISSN: 00447447     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Reid, W. 1992. How many species will there be? In: Tropical Deforestation and Species Extinction. Sayer, J A. and Whitmore, T.C. (eds) Chapman and Hall, London.
2. Myers, N 1979 The Sinking Ark: A New Look at the Problem of Disappearing Species Pergamon Press, Oxford.
3. Lovejoy, T.E 1980. A projection of species extinction In Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ): The Global 2000 Report to the President Council on Environmental Quality, Washington DC
4. Raven, P.H. 1987. The scope of the plant conservation problem world-wide. In: Botanic gardens and the World Conservation Strategy. Bramwell, D., Hamann, O , Heywood, V H. and Synge, H. (eds). Academic Press, London.
5. Raven, P. 1988. Biological resources and global stability. In: Evolution and Coadaptation in Biotic Communities Kawano, S., Connell, J H., and Hidaka, T., (eds). University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
6. Myers,. N. 1988. Threatened biotas: 'hot spots' in tropical forests. Environmentalist 8, 1-20
7. Wilson, E.O. 1988 The current state of biological diversity. In: Biodiversity. Wilson. E.O. and Peter, F.M. (eds). National Academy Press, Washington DC.
8. Wilson, E.O. 1989. Threats to biodiversity. Sci. Am. September 1990, 108-116.
9. Erwin, T.L. 1982. Tropical forests: their richness in Coleoptera and other Arthropod species. Coleopterist's Bull 36, 74-75.
10. Erwin,T.L. 1988. The tropical forest canopy. The heart of biotic diversity. In: Biodiversity Wilson, E.O. and Peter, F.M (eds). National Academy Press, Washington DC.
11. Tolba, M K., El Kholy, O., El Hinnawi, E , Holdgate, M W., McMichael, D.F. and Munn, R.E. (eds). 1992. The World Environment. 1972-1992. Chapman and Hall, London.
12. Arrhenius, O. 1921. Species and area J. Ecol. 9, 95-99.
13. Williamson, M.H 1981. Island Populations. University Press, Oxford
14. Raven, P. 1990. The politics of preserving biodiversity. BioScience 40, 769.
15. Heywood, V.H. and Stuart, S N 1992. Species extinction in tropical forests. In: Tropical Deforestation and Species Extinction. Whitmore, T.C. and Sayer, J. H. (eds). Chapman and Hall, London
16. May, K.M., Lawton, J H. and Stork, N.E. 1995 Assessing extinction rates In: Extinction Rates. Lawton J.H. and May, R.M. (eds). University Press, Oxford
17. United Nations. 1992. Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992. United Nations, New York
18. Glowka, L. and Burhenne Guilmin, F. and Synge, H. 1994 A Guide to the Convention on Biological Diversity IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
19. Sittenfeld, A. 1993. INBio-Merck collaborative research agreement, Costa Rica. Partnerships in Practice. Department of the Environment, London.
20. Solbrig, O. 1991. Biodiversity Scientific Issues and Collaborative Research Proposals. MAB Digest 9 Paris: UNESCO.
21. Grassle, J F 1989. Species diversity in deep-sea communities. Trends Ecol. Evolut. 4, 12-15.
22. United Nations. 1995. Commission on Sustainable Development, Third Session. Conservation of Biological Diversity. Report of the Secretary General. Paper E/CN.17/1995/ 7. United Nations, New York.
23. Maveneke, T. 1993. CAMPFIRE, Zimbabwe. Case Study 4 in Partnerships in Practice. Department of the Environment, London.
24. WCMC. 1992 Global Biodiversity. Status of the World's Living Resources Chapman and Hall, London.
25. Holdgate, M.W 1979 A Perspective of Environmental Pollution. University Press, Cambridge.
26. Currie, D.J. and Paqum, V. 1987. Large scale biogeographic patterns of species richness of trees. Nature 329, 326-327.
27. Brown, J.H. 1988 Species diversity. In: Analytical Biogeography. Myers, A A. and Giller, P.S. (eds). Chapman and Hall, London.
28. Marshall, L.G. 1988. Extinction. In: Analytical Biogeography, Myers, A, A. and Giller, P. S. (eds). Chapman and Hall, London
29. Martin, P. S (1967) Prehistoric overkill. In: Martin, P S. and Wright, H F., (eds) Pleistocene Extinctions: the Search for a Cause. University Press, Yale.
30. Holdgate, M.W. 1964. The fauna of the Tristan da Cunha Islands. Phil. Trans Roy Soc. Lond. B 249, 361-402.
31. Roughgarden, J. 1972. Evolution of niche width. Amer Nat. 106, 683-718.
32. Roughgarden, J. 1989 The structure and assembly of communities. In: Perspectives in Ecological Theory. Roughgarden, J. May. R., and Levin, S. (eds). University Press. Princeton.
33. Olson, J S., Watts, J.A., and Allison, L J 1983. Carbon in Live Vegetation of Major World Ecosystems. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Publication 1997. Oak Ridge, Tennessee: National Laboratory.
34. Swift, M.J. Heal, O.W and Anderson, J.M. 1979. Decomposition in Terrestrial Systems Oxford. Blackwell
35. Whittaker, R.H. and Likens, G.E. 1975. The biosphere and man in: Primary Productivity of the Biosphere Lieth, H , and Whittaker, R. H., (eds). Springer-Verlag, New York
36. Holdgate, M.W. 1977. Terrestrial ecosystems in the Antarctic. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc Lond B 279, 5-25.
37. Regier, H. and Cowell, E.B. 1972. Applications of ecosystem theory, succession, diversity, stability, stress and conservation. Biological Conservation 4, 2, 83-88.
38. Paine, R.T. 1966 Food web complexity and species diversity. Amer. Nat. 100, 56-75.
39. Naeem, S , Thompson, L.J., Lawler, S.P., Lawton, J.H. and Woodfin, R.M. 1994. Declining biodiversity can affect the performance of ecosystems Nature 368, 734-737.
40. Kareiva, P. 1994. Diversity begets productivity. Nature 368, 686-687.
41. Grime, J.P. 1973. Competitive exclusion in herbaceous vegetation Nature 242, 344-347.
42. Grime, J P. 1974. Vegetation classification by reference to strategies. Nature 250, 26-31.
43. Connell, J.H. and Slatyer, R.O. 1977. Mechanisms of succession in natural communities and their role in community stability and organization. Amer Nat 111, 1119-1144
44. Holdgate, M.W. 1986 Characteristics and consequences of biological invasions. Phil. Trans. Roy Soc Lond 314, 733-742.
45. Lynch J.D. 1988. Refugia. In Analytical Biogeography. Myers, A.A. and Giller, P.S. (eds) Chapman and Hall, London.
46. Troll, C. 1960. The relationship between the climates, ecology and plant geography of the southern cold temperate zone and the tropical high mountains. Proc. Roy. Soc B 152, 529-532.
47. Godley, E.J 1960. The botany of southern Chile in relation to New Zealand and the Subantarctic Proc Roy , Soc. Lond. 152, 457-475.
48. Wace, N.M. and Dickson, J H. 1964. The terrestrial botany of the Tristan da Cunha Islands. Phil Trans. Roy Soc. Lond. B 249, 273-360.
49. Bennett, K.D. 1986. The rate of spread and population increase of forest trees during the postglacial. Phil. Trans Roy. Soc. Lond B 314, 523-529
50. Godwin, H. 1975. History of the British Flora. Second Edition. University Press, Cambridge.
51. Rackham, O. 1986. A History of the Countryside. J. M. Dent, London & Melbourne.
52. Brookfield, H 1983. Farming the forests in South East Asia. In Environmental Change in Ram Forests and Drylands. UNU Global Environment Forum, II. United Nations University, Tokyo.
53. Denevan, W. 1992. The pristine myth. The landscape of the Americas in 1492. Ann. Assoc Amer. Geogr. 82, 369-385.
54. Kornberg, H., and Williamson, M.H. (eds). 1987. Quantitative Aspects of the Ecology of Biological Invasions. Proceedings of a Royal Society Discussion Meeting held on 26 and 27 February 1986. The Royal Society, London
55. Williamson, M.H. and Brown, K.C. 1986. The analysis and modelling of British invasions. Phil Trans Roy Soc. Lond. B 314, 505-521.
56. O'Connor, R.J. 1986. Biological characteristics of invaders among bird species in Britain. Phil Trans Roy Soc. Lond. B 314, 583-598.
57. United Nations 1982. UN General Assembly Resolution 37/7 on a World Charter for Nature.
58. IUCN/ICEL. 1995. International Covenant on Environment and Development. March 1995, IUCN Environmental Law Centre, Bonn.
59. IUCN/UNEP/WWF. 1991. Caring for the Earth A Strategy for Sustainable Living. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
60. Elton, C. 1958. The Ecology of Invasions by Animals and Plants Methuen, London.
61. Prescott, J. 1994. Sustaining Food Production and Our Countryside Wye College, Ashford: Occasional Paper 94/2.
62. McNeely, J 1988. Economics and Biological Diversity IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.