Environmental effects on minimal behaviors in the minimat world

Adaptive Behavior

Volumn 4, Issue 3-4, 1996, Pages 365-413

  Todd, Peter M ^a   Yanco, Holly A ^b  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR HUMAN COGNITIVE AND BRAIN SCIENCES   (Germany)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Environment structure; Evolved behavior; Resource density; Resource patches; Resource regrowth; Simulation

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030298915     PISSN: 10597123     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/105971239600400306     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Ackley, D., & Littman, M. (1992). Interactions between learning and evolution. In C. G. Langton, C. Taylor, J. D. Farmer, & S. Rasmussen (Eds.), Artificial life II (pp. 487-509). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
2. Ackley, D., & Littman, M. (1994). Altruism in the evolution of communication. In R. A. Brooks & P. Maes (Eds.), Artificial Life IV: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (pp. 40-48). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
3. Arbib, M. A., & Cobas, A. (1991). Schemas for prey-catching in frog and toad. In J.-A. Meyer & S. W. Wilson (Eds.), From animals to animats: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (pp. 142-151). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
4. Barbour, M. G., Burk, J. H., & Pitts, W. D. (1987). Terrestrial plant ecology, (2nd ed.). Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings.
5. Bedau, M. A. (1996). The extent to which organisms construct their environments. Adaptive Behavior, 4(3-4), 469-475.
6. Bedau, M. A., & Packard, N. H. (1992). Measurement of evolutionary activity, teleology, and life. In C. G. Langton, C. Taylor, J. D. Farmer, & S. Rasmussen (Eds.), Artificial life II (pp. 431-461). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
7. Bell, W. J. (1991). Searching behavior: The behavioural ecology of finding resources. London: Chapman and Hall.
8. Blythe, P. W., Miller, G. F., & Todd, P. M. (1996). Human simulation of adaptive behavior: Interactive studies of pursuit, evasion, courtship, fighting, and play. In P. Maes, M. J. Mataric, J.-A. Meyer, J. Pollack, & S. W. Wilson (Eds.), From animals to animats 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (pp. 13-22). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
9. Cecconi, F., & Parisi, D. (1993). Neural networks with motivational units. In J.-A. Meyer, H. L. Roitblat, & S. W. Wilson (Eds.), From animals to animats 2: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (pp. 346-355). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
10. Cliff, D., & Bullock, S. (1993). Adding "foveal vision" to Wilson's animat. Adaptive Behavior, 2(1), 49-72.
11. Cliff, D., Harvey, I., & Husbands, P. (1993). Explorations in evolutionary robotics. Adaptive Behavior, 2(1), 73-110.
12. Cliff, D., & Ross, S. (1994). Adding temporary memory to ZCS. Adaptive Behavior, 3(2), 101-150.
13. Collins, R. J., & Jefferson, D. R. (1992). AntFarm: Towards simulated evolution. In C. G. Langton, C. Taylor, J. D. Farmer, & S. Rasmussen (Eds.), Artificial life II (pp. 579-601). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
14. Erdmann, M. E., & Mason, M. T. (1988). An exploration of sensorless manipulation. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, 4, 369-379.
15. Fletcher, J. A., Zwick, M., & Bedau, M. A. (1996). Dependence of adaptability on environmental structure in a simple evolutionary model. Adaptive Behavior, 4(3-4), 275-307.
16. Floreano, D. (1993a). Emergence of nest-based foraging strategies in ecosystems of neural networks. In J.-A. Meyer, H. L. Roitblat, & S. W. Wilson (Eds.), From animals to animats 2: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (pp. 410-416). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
17. Floreano, D. (1993b, May). Patterns of interactions in shared environments. In Preproceedings of the Second European Conference on Artificial Life, Brussels, Belgium.
18. Godfrey-Smith, P. (1996). Précis of Complexity and the function of mind in nature. Adaptive Behavior, 4(3-4), 443-455.
19. Gracias, N., Pereira, H., Lima, J. A., & Rosa, A. (1996, May). Gaia: An artificial life environment for ecological systems simulation. In ALIFE V oral presentations (preproceedings of the Artificial Life V workshop, Nara, Japan, pp. 105-112).
20. Grant, W. (1992, June). Artificial life worlds as discovery environments for learning. Talk presented at the Artificial Life III Workshop, Santa Fe, NM.
21. Hartvigsen, G., & Starmer, W. T. (1995). Plant-herbivore coevolution in a spatially and genetically explicit model. Artificial Life, 2(2), 239-259.
22. Hendriks-Jansen, H. (1996). Catching ourselves in the act: Situated activity, interactive emergence, evolution, and human thought. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
23. Jefferson, D., Collins, R., Cooper, C., Dyer, M., Flowers, M., Korf, R., Taylor, C., & Wang, A. (1992). Evolution as a theme in artificial life: The Genesys/Tracker system. In C. G. Langton, C. Taylor, J. D. Farmer, & S. Rasmussen (Eds.), Artificial life II (pp. 549-578). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
24. Kerr, R. A. (1996). New mammal data challenge evolutionary pulse theory. Science, 273, 431-432.
25. Kirsh, D. (1996). Adapting the environment instead of oneself. Adaptive Behavior, 4(3-4), 405-442.
26. Koza, J. R. (1992). Genetic evolution and co-evolution of computer programs. In C. G. Langton, C. Taylor, J. D. Farmer, & S. Rasmussen (Eds.), Artificial life II (pp. 603-629). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
27. Littman, M. L. (1992). An optimization-based categorization of reinforcement learning environments. In J.-A. Meyer, H. L. Roitblat, & S. W. Wilson (Eds.), From animals to animats 2: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (pp. 262-270). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
28. Littman, M. L. (1994). Memoryless policies: Theoretical limitations and practical results. In D. Cliff, P. Husbands, J.-A. Meyer, & S. W. Wilson (Eds.), From animals to animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (pp. 238-245). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
29. Lund, H. H., & Parisi, D. (1995). Pre-adaptation in populations of neural networks evolving in a changing environment. Artificial Life, 2(2), 179-197.
30. Lund, H. H., & Parisi, D. (1996, May). Generalist and specialist behavior due to individual energy extracting abilities. In ALIFE V oral presentations (preproceedings of the Artificial Life V workshop, Nara, Japan, pp. 294-304).
31. Maes, P. (1994). Modeling adaptive autonomous agents. Artificial Life, 1(1-2), 135-162.
32. Maley, C. (1996, May). Simulating invasions in a spatially structured ecosystem. In ALIFE V poster presentations (preproceedings of the Artificial Life V workshop, Nara, Japan, pp. 205-211).
33. Mason, M. T. (1993). Kicking the sensing habit. AI Magazine, 1, 58-59.
34. Menczer, F., & Belew, R. K. (1994). Evolving sensors in environments of controlled complexity. In R. A. Brooks & P. Maes (Eds.), Artificial Life IV: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (pp. 210-221). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
35. Menczer, F., & Belew, R. K. (1996a). Latent energy environments. In R. K. Belew & M. Mitchell (Eds.), Adaptive individuals in evolving populations: Models and algorithms. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
36. Menczer, F., & Belew, R. K. (1996b). From complex environments to complex behaviors. Adaptive Behavior, 4(3-4), 309-355.
37. Packard, N. H. (1989). Intrinsic adaptation in a simple model for evolution. In C. G. Langton (Ed.), Artificial life (pp. 141-155). Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.
38. Parisi, D., Nolfi, S., & Cecconi, F. (1992). Learning, behavior, and evolution. In F. J. Varela & P. Bourgine (Eds.), Towards a practice of autonomous systems: Proceedings of the First European Conference on Artificial Life (pp. 207-216). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
39. Resnick, M. (1994). Turtles, termites, and traffic jams: Explorations in massively parallel microworlds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
40. Shepard, R. N. (1987). Evolution of a mesh between principles of the mind and regularities of the world. In J. Dupré (Ed.), The latest on the best: Essays on evolution and optimality (pp. 251-275). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
41. Simon, H. A. (1956). Rational choice and the structure of the environment. Psychological Review, 63(2), 129-138.
42. Smithers, T. (1994). On why better robots make it harder. In D. Cliff, P. Husbands, J.-A. Meyer, & S. W. Wilson (Eds.), From animals to animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (pp. 64-72). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
43. Stephens, D. W., & Krebs, J. R. (1986). Foraging theory. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
44. Taylor, C. E., Jefferson, D. R., Turner, S. R., & Goldman, S. R. (1989). RAM: Artificial life for the exploration of complex biological systems. In C. G. Langton (Ed.), Artificial life (pp. 275-295). Redwood City, CA: Addison-Wesley.
45. Todd, P. M. (1993, May). Artificial death. In Pre-proceedings of the Second European Conference on Artificial Life, Brussels, Belgium.
46. Todd, P. M., & Miller, G. F. (1991a). Exploring adaptive agency II: Simulating the evolution of associative learning. In J.-A. Meyer & S. W. Wilson (Eds.), From animals to animats: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (pp. 306-315). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
47. Todd, P. M., & Miller, G. F. (1991b). Exploring adaptive agency III: Simulating the evolution of habituation and sensitization. In H.-P. Schwefel & R. Maenner (Eds.), Proceedings of the First International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature (pp. 307-313). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
48. Todd, P. M., & Wilson, S. W. (1993). Environment structure and adaptive behavior from the ground up. In J.-A. Meyer, H. L. Roitblat, & S. W. Wilson (Eds.), From animals to animats 2: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (pp. 11-20). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
49. Todd, P. M., Wilson, S. W., Somayaji, A. B., & Yanco, H. A. (1994). The blind breeding the blind: Adaptive behavior without looking. In D. Cliff, P. Husbands, J.-A. Meyer, & S. W. Wilson (Eds.), From animals to animats 3: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (pp. 228-237). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
50. Toquenaga, Y., Kajitani, I., & Hoshino, T. (1994). Egrets of a feather flock together. In R. A. Brooks & P. Maes (Eds.), Artificial Life IV: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (pp. 140-151). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
51. Werner, G. M., & Dyer, M. G. (1992). Evolution of communication in artificial organisms. In C. G. Langton, C. Taylor, J. D. Farmer, & S. Rasmussen (Eds.), Artificial life II (pp. 659-687). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
52. Werner, G. M., & Dyer, M. G. (1993). Evolution of herding behavior in artificial animals. In J.-A. Meyer, H. L. Roitblat, & S. W. Wilson (Eds.), From animals to animats 2: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (pp. 393-399). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
53. Wilson, S. W. (1985). Knowledge growth in an artificial animal. In J. J. Grefenstette (Ed.), Proceedings of an International Conference on Genetic Algorithms and Their Applications (pp. 16-23). Pittsburgh, PA: Carnegie-Mellon University.
54. Wilson, S. W. (1991). The animat path to AI. In J.-A. Meyer & S. W. Wilson (Eds.), From animals to animats: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior (pp. 15-21). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press/Bradford Books.
55. Wilson, S. W. (1994). ZCS: A zeroth level classifier system. Evolutionary Computation, 2(1), 1-18.
56. Yamauchi, B. M., & Beer, R. D. (1994). Sequential behavior and learning in evolved dynamical neural networks. Adaptive Behavior, 2(3), 219-246.
57. Yeager, L. (1994). Computational genetics, physiology, metabolism, neural systems, learning, vision, and behavior or PolyWorld: Life in a new context. In C. G. Langton (Ed.), Artificial life III (pp. 263-298). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.