Isolation and characterization of glutamine synthetase genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Plant Physiology

Volumn 112, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 987-996

  Chen, Qiang ^a,b   Silflow, Carolyn D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b Croptech Corp   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGAE; ANIMALIA; CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII; CHLOROPHYTA; EMBRYOPHYTA; PISUM SATIVUM; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM; TYPHIMURIUM; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 0030296079     PISSN: 00320889     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.3.987     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Ahmad I, Hellebust JA (1987) Glutamine synthetase isoenzymes in the green soil alga Stichococcus bacillaris Naeg. Plant Physiol 83: 259-261
2. Alef K, Zumft WG (1981) Regulatory properties of glutamine synthetase from the nitrogen fixing phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Z Naturforsch 36c: 784-789
3. Almassy RJ, Janson CA, Hamlin R, Xuong NH, Eisenberg D (1986) Novel subunit-subunit interactions in the structure of glutamine synthetase. Nature 323: 304-309
4. Beudeker RF, Tabita FR (1985) Characterization of glutamine synthetase isoforms from Chlorella. Plant Physiol 77: 791-794
5. Birmingham BC, Coleman B (1979) Measurement of carbon dioxide compensation points of freshwater algae. Plant Physiol 64: 892-895
6. Bonenberger J, Salomon M, Formanek H, Busl T, Budiger W (1994) A monoclonal anti-phytochrome antibody detects a completely unrelated protein in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Plant Physiol 144: 346-350
7. Brears T, Walker EL, Coruzzi GM (1991) A promoter sequence involved in cell-specific expression of the pea glutamine synthetase GS3A gene in organs of transgenic tobacco and alfalfa. Plant J 1: 235-244
8. Casselton PJ, Chandler G, Shah N, Stewart GR, Sumar N (1986) Glutamine synthetase isoforms in algae. New Phytol 102: 261-270
9. Chen J, Kennedy IR (1985) Purification and properties of lupin nodule glutamine synthetase. Phytochemistry 24: 2167-2172
10. Chen Q, Vierling E (1991) Analysis of conserved domains identifies a unique structural feature of a chloroplast heat shock protein. Mol Gen Genet 226: 425-431
11. Cock JM, Brock IW, Watson AT, Swarup R, Morby A, Cullimore JV (1991) Regulation of glutamine synthetase genes in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris. Plant Mol Biol 17: 761-771
12. Coleman JR, Colman B (1980) Effect of oxygen and temperature on the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in two microscopic algae. Plant Physiol 65: 980-983
13. Crawford NM (1995) Nitrate: nutrient and signal for plant growth. Plant Cell 7: 859-868
14. Cullimore JV (1981) Glutamine synthetase of Chlamydomonas: rapid reversible deactivation. Planta 152: 587-591
15. Cullimore JV, Gebhardt C, Saarelainen R, Miflin BJ, Idler KB, Barker RF (1984) Glutamine synthetase of Phaseolus vulgaris L.: organ-specific expression of a multigene family. J Mol Appl Genet 2: 589-599
16. Cullimore JV, Sims AP (1980) An association between photorespiration and protein catabolism: studies with Chlamydomonas. Planta 150: 392-396
17. Cullimore JV, Sims AP (1981a) Pathway of ammonium assimilation in illuminated and darkened Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Phytochemistry 20: 933-940
18. Cullimore JV, Sims AP (1981b) Glutamine synthetase of Chlamydomonas: its role in the control of nitrate assimilation. Planta 153: 18-24
19. Cullimore JV, Sims AP (1981c) Occurrence of two forms of glutamate synthase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Phytochemistry 20: 597-600
20. Demmin DA, Stockinger EJ, Chang YC, Walling LL (1989) Phylogenetic relationships between the chloroplast a/b binding protein (Cab) multigene family: an intra- and interspecies study. J Mol Evol 9: 266-279
21. Devereux J, Haeberli P, Smithies O (1984) A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. Nucleic Acids Res 12: 387-395
22. Edwards JW, Coruzzi GM (1989) Photorespiration and light act in concert to regulate the expression of the nuclear gene for chloroplast glutamine synthetase. Plant Cell 1: 241-248
23. Edwards JW, Walker EL, Coruzzi GM (1990) Cell-specific expression in transgenic plants reveals nonoverlapping roles for chloroplast and cytosolic glutamine synthetase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87: 3459-3463
24. Eisenberg D, Almassy RJ, Janson CA, Chapman MS, Suh SW, Cascio D, Smith WW (1987) Some evolutionary relationships of the primary biological catalysts glutamine synthetase and RUBISCO. Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 52: 483-490
25. Feinberg AP, Vogelstein B (1983) A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem 132: 6-13
26. Fernández E, Cárdenas J (1989) Genetic and regulatory aspects of nitrate assimilation in algae. In J Wray, J Kinghorn, eds, Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Nitrate Assimilation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp 101-124
27. Fernández E, Schnell R, Ranum LP, Hussey S, Silflow CD, Lefebvre PA (1989) Isolation and characterization of the nitrate reductase structural gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 6449-6453
28. Fischer P, Klein U (1988) Localization of nitrogen-assimilating enzymes in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol 88: 947-952
29. Florencio FJ, Vega JM (1983) Separation, purification, and characterization of two isoforms of glutamine synthetase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Z Naturforsch 36c: 407-410
30. Franzén LG, Rochaix JD, Von Heijne G (1990) Chloroplast transit peptides from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii share features with both mitochondrial and higher plant chloroplast presequences. FEBS Lett 260: 165-168
31. García-Fernández JM, López-Ruiz A, Alhama J, Roldan JM, Dapena JD (1995) Effect of glutamine on glutamine synthetase regulation in the green alga Monoraphidium braunii. Planta 195: 434-439
32. Gibbs CS, Campbell KE, Wilson RH (1987) Sequence of a human glutamine synthetase cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res 25: 6293
33. Gorman DS, Levine RP (1965) Cytochrome f and plastocyanin: their sequence in the photosynthetic electron transport of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 54: 1665-1669
34. Hirel B, Bouet C, King B, Layzell D, Jacobs F, Verma DPS (1987) Glutamine synthetase genes are regulated by ammonia provided externally or by symbiotic nitrogen fixation. EMBO J 5: 1167-1171
35. Hoelzle I, Finer JJ, McMullen MD, Streeter JG (1992) Induction of glutamine synthetase activity in nonnodulated roots of Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Pisum sativum. Plant Physiol 100: 525-528
36. Keegstra K, Olsen LJ (1989) Chloroplastic precursors and their transport across the envelope membranes. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 40: 471-501
37. Kozaki A, Sakamoto A, Tanaka K, Takeba G (1991) The promoter of the gene for glutamine synthetase from rice shows organspecific and substrate-induced expression in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Cell Physiol 32: 353-358
38. Lam HM, Coschigano K, Schultz C, Milo-Oliveira M, Tjaden IO, Ngai N, Hsieh MH, Coruzzi G (1995) Use of Arabidopsis mutants and genes to study amide amino acid biosynthesis. Plant Cell 7: 887-898
39. Last RL (1993) The genetics of nitrogen assimilation and amino acid biosynthesis in flowering plants: progress and prospects. Int Rev Cytol 143: 297-330
40. Li M, Villemur R, Hussey PJ, Silflow CD, Gantt JS, Snustad DP (1993) Differential expression of six glutamine synthetase genes in Zea mays. Plant Mol Biol 23: 401-407
41. Lloyd ND, Canvin DT, Culver DA (1977) Photosynthesis and photorespiration in algae. Plant Physiol 59: 936-940
42. Magasanik B, Minehart PL (1992) Sequence of the GLN1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: role of the upstream region in regulation of glutamine synthetase expression. J Bacteriol 174: 1828-1836
43. Malmoë P, Mayfield SP, Rochaix J-D (1988) Comparative analysis of the biogenesis of photosystem II in the wild-type and y-1 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Cell Biol 106: 609-616
44. 2 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Physiol 97: 420-425
45. Marzluf GA (1981) Regulation of nitrogen metabolism and gene expression in fungi. Microbiol Rev 45: 437-461
46. McNally SF, Hirel B, Gadal P, Mann F, Stewart GR (1983) Glutamine synthetases of higher plants. Plant Physiol 72: 22-25
47. Menacho A, Vega JM (1989) Effect of nitrogen starvation on ammonium assimilation by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Physiol Plant 75: 285-289
48. Merida A, Candau P, Florencio FJ (1991) Regulation of glutamine synthetase activity in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocistis by the nitrogen source: effect of ammonium. J Bacteriol 173: 4095-4100
49. Nelson J, Savereide PB, Lefebvre PA (1994) The CRY1 gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: structure and use as a dominant selectable marker for nuclear transformation. Mol Cell Biol 14: 4011-4019
50. Nordlund S, Kanemoto RH, Murrell SA, Ludden PW (1985) Properties and regulation of glutamine synthetase from Rhodopseudomonas rubrum. J Bacteriol 161: 13-17
51. Orr J, Haselkorn R (1982) Regulation of glutamine synthetase activity and synthesis in free-living and symbiotic Anabaena sp. J Bacteriol 152: 626-635
52. Paul JH, Cooksey KE (1981) Regulation of asparaginase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase in response to medium nitrogen concentrations in a euryhaline Chlamydomonas species. Plant Physiol 68: 1364-1368
53. Peterman TK, Goodman HM (1991) The glutamine synthetase gene family of Arabidopsis thaliana: light-regulation and differential expression in leaves, roots, and seeds. Mol Gen Genet 230: 145-154
54. Ramazanov Z, Cardenas J (1992) Involvement of photorespiration and glycolate pathway in carbonic anhydrase induction and carbon concentration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Physiol Plant 84: 502-508
55. Ramazanov Z, Cardenas J (1994) Photorespiratory ammonium assimilation in chloroplasts of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Physiol Plant 91: 495-502
56. Romero F, Caballero FJ, Castillo F, Roldan JM (1985) Immunoelectrophoretic approach to the metabolic regulation of glutamine synthetase in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata E1F1: role of glutamine. Arch Microbiol 143: 111-116
57. Sakakibara H, Kawabata S, Takahashi H, Hase T, Sugiyama T (1992) Molecular cloning of the family of glutamine synthetase genes from maize: expression of genes for glutamine synthetase and ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic tissues. Plant Cell Physiol 33: 49-58
58. Sakamoto A, Takeba G, Shibata D, Tanaka K (1990) Phytochrome-mediated activation of the gene for cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) during imbibition of photosensitive lettuce seeds. Plant Mol Biol 15: 317-323
59. Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
60. Schloss JS, Silflow CD, Rosenbaum L (1984) mRNA abundance changes during flagellar regeneration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Cell Biol 4: 424-434
61. Schnell RA, Lefebvre PA (1993) Isolation of the Chlamydomonas regulatory gene NIT2 by transposon tagging. Genetics 134: 737-747
62. Silflow CD, Chisholm RL, Conner TW, Ranum LPW (1985) The two alpha-tubulin genes of Chlamydomonns reinhardtii code for slightly different proteins. Mol Cell Biol 5: 2389-2398
63. Snustad DP, Hunsperger JP, Chereskin BM, Messing J (1988) Maize glutamine synthetase cDNAs: isolation by direct genetic selection in Escherichia coli. Genetics 120: 1111-1124
64. Stadtman ER, Ginsburg A, Ciardi JE, Yeh J, Henning SB, Shapiro BM (1970) Multiple molecular forms of glutamine synthetase produced by enzyme catalyzed adenylation and deadenylation reactions. Adv Enzyme Reg 8: 99-118
65. Stanford AC, Larsen K, Barker DG, Cullimore JV (1993) Differential expression within the glutamine synthetase gene family of the model legume Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiol 103: 73-81
66. Sukanya R, Li M, Snustad DP (1994) Root- and shoot-specific responses of individual glutamine synthetase genes of maize to nitrate and ammonium. Plant Mol Biol 26: 1935-1946
67. Sumar N, Casselton PJ, McNally SF, Stewart GR (1984) Occurrence of isoenzymes of glutamine synthetase in the alga Chlorella kessleri. Plant Physiol 74: 204-207
68. Tingey SV, Tsai FY, Edwards JW, Walker EL, Coruzzi GM (1988) Chloroplast and cytosolic glutamine synthetase are encoded by homologous nuclear genes which are differentially expressed in vivo. J Biol Chem 263: 9651-9657
69. Tingey SV, Walker EL, Coruzzi GM (1987) Glutamine synthetase genes of pea encode distinct polypeptides which are differentially expressed in leaves, roots and nodules. EMBO J 6: 1-9
70. Vieira J, Messing J (1987) Production of single-stranded plasmid DNA. Methods Enzymol 153: 3-11
71. Wang S-C (1995) Molecular genetic characterization of NIT8, a gene essential for nitrate and nitrite assimilation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and the isolation of a new transposable element from a nit8 mutant. PhD thesis, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
72. Zhang D, Lefebvre P (1996) FAR 1, a negative regulatory locus required for the repression of the nitrate reductase gene in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Genetics (in press)