메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 403-442

Interest groups: A survey of empirical models that try to assess their influence

Author keywords

Empirical models; Interest groups

Indexed keywords


EID: 0030295704     PISSN: 01762680     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0176-2680(96)00008-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (169)

References (215)
  • 1
    • 85008726979 scopus 로고
    • Campaign contributions and house voting on sugar and dairy legislation
    • Abler, D.G., 1991, Campaign contributions and house voting on sugar and dairy legislation, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 73, 11-17.
    • (1991) American Journal of Agricultural Economics , vol.73 , pp. 11-17
    • Abler, D.G.1
  • 2
    • 0011551683 scopus 로고
    • Political power and the market for governors
    • Abrams, B.A., 1981, Political power and the market for governors, Public Choice 37, 521-529.
    • (1981) Public Choice , vol.37 , pp. 521-529
    • Abrams, B.A.1
  • 3
    • 0011617696 scopus 로고
    • The economic theory of regulation and public financing of presidential elections
    • Abrams, B.A. and R.F. Settle, 1978, The economic theory of regulation and public financing of presidential elections, Journal of Political Economy 36, 245-257.
    • (1978) Journal of Political Economy , vol.36 , pp. 245-257
    • Abrams, B.A.1    Settle, R.F.2
  • 4
    • 21344476083 scopus 로고
    • Pressure group influence and institutional change: Branch banking legislation during the great depression
    • Abrams, B.A. and R.F. Settle, 1993, Pressure group influence and institutional change: Branch banking legislation during the Great Depression, Public Choice 77, 687-705.
    • (1993) Public Choice , vol.77 , pp. 687-705
    • Abrams, B.A.1    Settle, R.F.2
  • 5
    • 84935983534 scopus 로고
    • Seeking rents by setting rents: The political economy of rent seeking
    • Appelbaum, E. and E. Katz. 1987, Seeking rents by setting rents: The political economy of rent seeking, Economic Journal 97, 685-699.
    • (1987) Economic Journal , vol.97 , pp. 685-699
    • Appelbaum, E.1    Katz, E.2
  • 8
    • 31344440815 scopus 로고
    • The control of politicians: An economic model
    • Barro, R.J., 1973, The control of politicians: An economic model, Public Choice 14, 19-42.
    • (1973) Public Choice , vol.14 , pp. 19-42
    • Barro, R.J.1
  • 9
    • 0001618495 scopus 로고
    • A theory of competition among pressure groups for political influence
    • Becker, G., 1983, A theory of competition among pressure groups for political influence, Quarterly Journal of Economics 98, 371-400.
    • (1983) Quarterly Journal of Economics , vol.98 , pp. 371-400
    • Becker, G.1
  • 10
    • 0011551684 scopus 로고
    • The public interest hypothesis revisited: A new test of Peltzman's theory of regulation
    • Becker, G., 1986. The public interest hypothesis revisited: A new test of Peltzman's theory of regulation, Public Choice 49, 223-234.
    • (1986) Public Choice , vol.49 , pp. 223-234
    • Becker, G.1
  • 11
    • 0011610165 scopus 로고
    • A game-theoretic model of endogenous public policies
    • Beghin, J.C., 1990, A game-theoretic model of endogenous public policies, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 72, 138-148.
    • (1990) American Journal of Agricultural Economics , vol.72 , pp. 138-148
    • Beghin, J.C.1
  • 12
    • 0028600795 scopus 로고
    • Political institutions and international patterns of agricultural protection
    • Beghin. J.C. and M. Kherallah, 1994, Political institutions and international patterns of agricultural protection, Review of Economics and Statistics 76, 482-489.
    • (1994) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.76 , pp. 482-489
    • Beghin, J.C.1    Kherallah, M.2
  • 13
    • 84934453023 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of congressional voting on legislation limiting congressional campaign expenditures
    • Bender, B., 1988, An analysis of congressional voting on legislation limiting congressional campaign expenditures, Journal of Political Economy 96, 1005-1021.
    • (1988) Journal of Political Economy , vol.96 , pp. 1005-1021
    • Bender, B.1
  • 14
    • 84977331032 scopus 로고
    • The influence of ideology on congressional voting
    • Bender, B., 1991, The influence of ideology on congressional voting, Economic Inquiry 29, 416-428.
    • (1991) Economic Inquiry , vol.29 , pp. 416-428
    • Bender, B.1
  • 15
    • 38149147727 scopus 로고
    • A reexamination of the principal-agent relationship in politics
    • Bender, B.. 1994, A reexamination of the principal-agent relationship in politics, Journal of Public Economics 53, 149-163.
    • (1994) Journal of Public Economics , vol.53 , pp. 149-163
    • Bender, B.1
  • 16
    • 34248245100 scopus 로고
    • Savings and loan and finance industry: PAC contributions to incumbent members of the house banking committee
    • Bennett, R.W. and C. Loucks, 1994, Savings and loan and finance industry: PAC contributions to incumbent members of the house banking committee, Public Choice 79, 83-104.
    • (1994) Public Choice , vol.79 , pp. 83-104
    • Bennett, R.W.1    Loucks, C.2
  • 17
    • 0000133913 scopus 로고
    • The market for laws: An economic analysis of legislation
    • Benson, B.L. and E.M. Engen, 1988, The market for laws: An economic analysis of legislation, Southern Economic Journal 54, 732-745.
    • (1988) Southern Economic Journal , vol.54 , pp. 732-745
    • Benson, B.L.1    Engen, E.M.2
  • 18
    • 0011552792 scopus 로고
    • Political contribution and policy: Some extensions
    • Bental, B. and U. Ben-Zion, 1975, Political contribution and policy: Some extensions, Public Choice 19, 1-12.
    • (1975) Public Choice , vol.19 , pp. 1-12
    • Bental, B.1    Ben-Zion, U.2
  • 20
    • 0011671004 scopus 로고
    • On money, votes, and policy in a democratic society
    • Ben-Zion, U. and Z. Eytan. 1974, On money, votes, and policy in a democratic society, Public Choice 17, 1-10.
    • (1974) Public Choice , vol.17 , pp. 1-10
    • Ben-Zion, U.1    Eytan, Z.2
  • 21
    • 51249164219 scopus 로고
    • Political support for minimum wage legislation
    • Bloch, F.E.. 1993, Political support for minimum wage legislation, Journal of Labor Research 14, 187-190.
    • (1993) Journal of Labor Research , vol.14 , pp. 187-190
    • Bloch, F.E.1
  • 22
    • 0011618546 scopus 로고
    • Rent-seeking and the behavior of regulators: An empirical analysis
    • Boucher, M., 1991. Rent-seeking and the behavior of regulators: An empirical analysis, Public Choice 69, 51-67.
    • (1991) Public Choice , vol.69 , pp. 51-67
    • Boucher, M.1
  • 25
    • 0026958755 scopus 로고
    • Objectives and constraints of government policy: The countercyclity of transfers to agriculture
    • Bullock, D., 1992, Objectives and constraints of government policy: The countercyclity of transfers to agriculture, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 74, 617-629.
    • (1992) American Journal of Agricultural Economics , vol.74 , pp. 617-629
    • Bullock, D.1
  • 26
    • 84977380720 scopus 로고
    • Industry income and congressional regulatory legislation; interest groups vs. median voter
    • Cahan, S.F. and W.H. Kaempfer, 1992, Industry income and congressional regulatory legislation; Interest groups vs. median voter, Economic Inquiry 30, 47-57.
    • (1992) Economic Inquiry , vol.30 , pp. 47-57
    • Cahan, S.F.1    Kaempfer, W.H.2
  • 27
    • 84934564270 scopus 로고
    • Organized interests and agenda setting in the U.S. Supreme court
    • Caldeira, G.A. and J.R. Wright, 1988, Organized interests and agenda setting in the U.S. Supreme Court, American Political Science Review 82, 1109-1127.
    • (1988) American Political Science Review , vol.82 , pp. 1109-1127
    • Caldeira, G.A.1    Wright, J.R.2
  • 29
    • 34248241355 scopus 로고
    • Political shirking and the last term problem: Evidence for a party administered pension system
    • Carey, J., 1994, Political shirking and the last term problem: Evidence for a party administered pension system. Public Choice 81, 1-22.
    • (1994) Public Choice , vol.81 , pp. 1-22
    • Carey, J.1
  • 30
    • 84971138787 scopus 로고
    • A method of estimating the personal ideology of political representatives
    • Carson, R.T. and J.A. Oppenheimer. 1984, A method of estimating the personal ideology of political representatives, American Political Science Review 78, 163-178.
    • (1984) American Political Science Review , vol.78 , pp. 163-178
    • Carson, R.T.1    Oppenheimer, J.A.2
  • 31
    • 0000963939 scopus 로고
    • Campaign contributions and voting on the Cargo Preference Bill: A comparison of simultaneous models
    • Chappell, H.W., 1981a. Campaign contributions and voting on the Cargo Preference Bill: A comparison of simultaneous models, Public Choice 36, 301-312.
    • (1981) Public Choice , vol.36 , pp. 301-312
    • Chappell, H.W.1
  • 32
    • 0011621558 scopus 로고
    • Conflict of interest and Congressional voting: A note
    • Chappell, H.W., 1981b, Conflict of interest and Congressional voting: A note, Public Choice 37, 331-335.
    • (1981) Public Choice , vol.37 , pp. 331-335
    • Chappell, H.W.1
  • 33
    • 0003049021 scopus 로고
    • Campaign contributions and Congressional voting: A simultaneous probit-tobit model
    • Chappell, H.W., 1982, Campaign contributions and Congressional voting: A simultaneous probit-tobit model, Review of Economics and Statistics 61, 77-83.
    • (1982) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.61 , pp. 77-83
    • Chappell, H.W.1
  • 35
    • 84977399162 scopus 로고
    • The growth of social security: Electoral push or political pull
    • Congleton, R.D. and W.F. Shugart I, 1990. The growth of social security: Electoral push or political pull, Economic Inquiry 28, 109-132.
    • (1990) Economic Inquiry , vol.28 , pp. 109-132
    • Congleton, R.D.1    Shugart W.F. I2
  • 36
    • 85005325066 scopus 로고
    • Domestic content legislation: House voting and the economic theory of regulation
    • Coughlin, C.C., 1985, Domestic content legislation: House voting and the economic theory of regulation, Economic Inquiry 23, 437-448.
    • (1985) Economic Inquiry , vol.23 , pp. 437-448
    • Coughlin, C.C.1
  • 37
    • 84974081642 scopus 로고
    • Baby books and ballots: The impact of Congressional mail on constituent opinion
    • Reprinted in: T. Palfrey, ed., Laboratory research in political economy (Michigan University Press, Ann Arbor, MI)
    • Cover, A. and B. Brumberg, 1982, Baby books and ballots: The impact of Congressional mail on constituent opinion, American Political Science Review 76, 347-359 (Reprinted in: T. Palfrey, ed., Laboratory research in political economy (Michigan University Press, Ann Arbor, MI).
    • (1982) American Political Science Review , vol.76 , pp. 347-359
    • Cover, A.1    Brumberg, B.2
  • 38
    • 0001165269 scopus 로고
    • On the structure and stability of political markets
    • Crain, M.W., 1977, On the structure and stability of political markets, Journal of Political Economy 85. 829-842.
    • (1977) Journal of Political Economy , vol.85 , pp. 829-842
    • Crain, M.W.1
  • 39
    • 0001062378 scopus 로고
    • Campaign expenditures and political competition
    • Crain, W.M. and R.D. Tollison, 1976, Campaign expenditures and political competition, Journal of Law and Economics 19, 177-188.
    • (1976) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.19 , pp. 177-188
    • Crain, W.M.1    Tollison, R.D.2
  • 40
    • 0000008418 scopus 로고
    • Attenuated property rights and the market for governors
    • Crain, W.M. and R.D. Tollison, 1977, Attenuated property rights and the market for governors, Journal of Law and Economics 20, 205-211.
    • (1977) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.20 , pp. 205-211
    • Crain, W.M.1    Tollison, R.D.2
  • 41
    • 85005367935 scopus 로고
    • Legislators as taxicabs: On the value of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives
    • Crain, W.M., Deaton T. and R.D. Tollison, 1977, Legislators as taxicabs: On the value of seats in the U.S. House of Representatives, Economic Inquiry 15, 298-302.
    • (1977) Economic Inquiry , vol.15 , pp. 298-302
    • Crain, W.M.1    Deaton, T.2    Tollison, R.D.3
  • 44
    • 0000976058 scopus 로고
    • A test for pure or apparent ideology in Congressional voting
    • Davis, M.L. and P.K. Porter, 1989, A test for pure or apparent ideology in Congressional voting, Public Choice 60, 101-111.
    • (1989) Public Choice , vol.60 , pp. 101-111
    • Davis, M.L.1    Porter, P.K.2
  • 45
    • 84972094415 scopus 로고
    • Legislators and interest groups: How unorganized interests get represented
    • Denzau, A.T. and M.C. Munger, 1986, Legislators and interest groups: How unorganized interests get represented, American Political Science Review 80, 89-106.
    • (1986) American Political Science Review , vol.80 , pp. 89-106
    • Denzau, A.T.1    Munger, M.C.2
  • 46
    • 0011555232 scopus 로고
    • An empirical assessment of the factor supplier pressure group hypothesis
    • Dilorenzo, T.J., 1981, An empirical assessment of the factor supplier pressure group hypothesis, Public Choice 37, 559-568.
    • (1981) Public Choice , vol.37 , pp. 559-568
    • Dilorenzo, T.J.1
  • 48
    • 84928440380 scopus 로고
    • The effect of interest group pressure on coal strip-mining legislation
    • Durden, G.C., J.S. Shogren and J.I. Silberman, 1991, The effect of interest group pressure on coal strip-mining legislation, Social Science Quarterly 72, 239-250.
    • (1991) Social Science Quarterly , vol.72 , pp. 239-250
    • Durden, G.C.1    Shogren, J.S.2    Silberman, J.I.3
  • 49
    • 84935849636 scopus 로고
    • Strategy and choice in Congressional elections: The role of political action committees
    • Eismeier, T.J. and P.H. Pollock, 1986, Strategy and choice in Congressional elections: The role of political action committees, American Journal of Political Science 30, 197-213.
    • (1986) American Journal of Political Science , vol.30 , pp. 197-213
    • Eismeier, T.J.1    Pollock, P.H.2
  • 50
    • 0002174223 scopus 로고
    • The impact of legislator attributes on Union PAC campaign contributions
    • Endersby, J.W. and M.C. Munger, 1992, The impact of legislator attributes on Union PAC campaign contributions, Journal of Labor Research 13, 79-97.
    • (1992) Journal of Labor Research , vol.13 , pp. 79-97
    • Endersby, J.W.1    Munger, M.C.2
  • 51
    • 85005395439 scopus 로고
    • Market structure and political influence: New data on political expenditures, activity and success
    • Esty, D.C. and R.E. Caves, 1983, Market structure and political influence: New data on political expenditures, activity and success, Economic Inquiry 21, 24-38.
    • (1983) Economic Inquiry , vol.21 , pp. 24-38
    • Esty, D.C.1    Caves, R.E.2
  • 52
    • 34248248590 scopus 로고
    • The ideological component of Senate voting: Different principles or different principals?
    • Fort, R., W. Hallagan, C. Morong and T. Stegner, 1993, The ideological component of Senate voting: Different principles or different principals?, Public Choice 76, 39-57.
    • (1993) Public Choice , vol.76 , pp. 39-57
    • Fort, R.1    Hallagan, W.2    Morong, C.3    Stegner, T.4
  • 53
    • 84935323328 scopus 로고
    • The grass roots connection: Environmental activists and Senate roll calls
    • Fowler, L.L. and R.G. Shaiko, 1987, The grass roots connection: Environmental activists and Senate roll calls, American Journal of Political Science 31, 484-510.
    • (1987) American Journal of Political Science , vol.31 , pp. 484-510
    • Fowler, L.L.1    Shaiko, R.G.2
  • 54
    • 84935413550 scopus 로고
    • PAC contributions and legislative behavior: Senate voting on trucking deregulation
    • Frendreis, J.P. and R.W. Waterman, 1985, PAC contributions and legislative behavior: Senate voting on trucking deregulation, Social Science Quarterly 66, 401-412.
    • (1985) Social Science Quarterly , vol.66 , pp. 401-412
    • Frendreis, J.P.1    Waterman, R.W.2
  • 55
    • 84935976401 scopus 로고
    • Causes of U.S. Farm commodity programs
    • Gardner, B.L., 1987, Causes of U.S. farm commodity programs, Journal of Political Economy 95, 290-310.
    • (1987) Journal of Political Economy , vol.95 , pp. 290-310
    • Gardner, B.L.1
  • 56
    • 0001279923 scopus 로고
    • Campaign expenditures and election outcomes: A critical note
    • Giertz, J.F. and D.H. Sullivan, 1977, Campaign expenditures and election outcomes: A critical note, Public Choice 31, 157-162.
    • (1977) Public Choice , vol.31 , pp. 157-162
    • Giertz, J.F.1    Sullivan, D.H.2
  • 57
    • 0011553054 scopus 로고
    • Politicians and property rights: An analysis of the relationship between campaign expenditures and wage and price controls
    • Gifford, A. and G.J. Santoni, 1978, Politicians and property rights: An analysis of the relationship between campaign expenditures and wage and price controls, Public Choice 33, 71-74.
    • (1978) Public Choice , vol.33 , pp. 71-74
    • Gifford, A.1    Santoni, G.J.2
  • 58
    • 21344493902 scopus 로고
    • International differences in telephone rate structures and the organization of business subscribers
    • Globerman, S. and D. Kadonaga, 1994, International differences in telephone rate structures and the organization of business subscribers, Public Choice 80, 129-142.
    • (1994) Public Choice , vol.80 , pp. 129-142
    • Globerman, S.1    Kadonaga, D.2
  • 59
    • 21144478697 scopus 로고
    • On the mismeasurement of legislator ideology and shirking
    • Goff, B.L. and K.B. Grier, 1993, On the mismeasurement of legislator ideology and shirking, Public Choice 76, 5-20.
    • (1993) Public Choice , vol.76 , pp. 5-20
    • Goff, B.L.1    Grier, K.B.2
  • 60
    • 84935976948 scopus 로고
    • What makes PACs tick? Analysis of the allocation patterns of economic interest groups
    • Gopoian, J.D., 1984, What makes PACs tick? Analysis of the allocation patterns of economic interest groups, American Journal of Political Science 28, 259-281.
    • (1984) American Journal of Political Science , vol.28 , pp. 259-281
    • Gopoian, J.D.1
  • 61
    • 84934454179 scopus 로고
    • Toward a general theory of occupational regulation
    • Graddy, E., 1991, Toward a general theory of occupational regulation, Social Science Quarterly 72, 676-695.
    • (1991) Social Science Quarterly , vol.72 , pp. 676-695
    • Graddy, E.1
  • 62
    • 0000155553 scopus 로고
    • Public members on occupational licensing boards: Effects on legislative regulatory reforms
    • Graddy, E. and M.B. Nichol, 1989, Public members on occupational licensing boards: Effects on legislative regulatory reforms, Southern Economic Journal 55, 610-625.
    • (1989) Southern Economic Journal , vol.55 , pp. 610-625
    • Graddy, E.1    Nichol, M.B.2
  • 63
    • 84935412698 scopus 로고
    • PACs and the congressional supermarket: The currency is complex
    • Grenzke, J.M., 1989a, PACs and the congressional supermarket: The currency is complex, American Journal of Political Science 33, 1-24.
    • (1989) American Journal of Political Science , vol.33 , pp. 1-24
    • Grenzke, J.M.1
  • 64
    • 85055273019 scopus 로고
    • Candidate attributes and PAC contributions
    • Grenzke, J., 1989b, Candidate attributes and PAC contributions, Western Political Quarterly 42, 245-264.
    • (1989) Western Political Quarterly , vol.42 , pp. 245-264
    • Grenzke, J.1
  • 65
    • 34250074818 scopus 로고
    • Introduction: Ideology and representation in American politics
    • Grier, K.B., 1993, Introduction: Ideology and representation in American politics, Public Choice 76, 1-4.
    • (1993) Public Choice , vol.76 , pp. 1-4
    • Grier, K.B.1
  • 66
    • 0001273486 scopus 로고
    • The impact of legislator attributes on interest-group campaign contributions
    • Grier, K.B. and M.C. Munger, 1986, The impact of legislator attributes on interest-group campaign contributions, Journal of Labor Research 7, 349-361.
    • (1986) Journal of Labor Research , vol.7 , pp. 349-361
    • Grier, K.B.1    Munger, M.C.2
  • 67
    • 84977346678 scopus 로고
    • Committee assignments, constituent preferences and campaign contributions
    • Grier, K.B. and M.C. Munger 1991, Committee assignments, constituent preferences and campaign contributions, Economic Inquiry 29, 24-43.
    • (1991) Economic Inquiry , vol.29 , pp. 24-43
    • Grier, K.B.1    Munger, M.C.2
  • 68
    • 0000902686 scopus 로고
    • Comparing interest group PAC contributions to House and Senate incumbents, 1980-1986
    • Grier, K.B. and M.C. Munger 1993, Comparing interest group PAC contributions to House and Senate incumbents, 1980-1986, Journal of Politics 55, 615-643.
    • (1993) Journal of Politics , vol.55 , pp. 615-643
    • Grier, K.B.1    Munger, M.C.2
  • 69
    • 0001148558 scopus 로고
    • The industrial organization of corporate political participation
    • Grier, K.B.. M.C. Munger and B.E. Roberts, 1991, The industrial organization of corporate political participation, Southern Economic Journal 57, 727-738.
    • (1991) Southern Economic Journal , vol.57 , pp. 727-738
    • Grier, K.B.1    Munger, M.C.2    Roberts, B.E.3
  • 71
    • 0001487895 scopus 로고
    • Allocation patterns of PAC monies: The U.S. Senate
    • Grier, K.B., M.C. Munger and G.M. Torrent, 1990, Allocation patterns of PAC monies: The U.S. Senate, Public Choice 67, 111-128.
    • (1990) Public Choice , vol.67 , pp. 111-128
    • Grier, K.B.1    Munger, M.C.2    Torrent, G.M.3
  • 72
    • 0000521222 scopus 로고
    • Child care subsidies and labor supply in Sweden
    • Gustafsson, S. and F. Stafford, 1992, Child care subsidies and labor supply in Sweden, Journal of Human Resources 27, 204-230.
    • (1992) Journal of Human Resources , vol.27 , pp. 204-230
    • Gustafsson, S.1    Stafford, F.2
  • 73
    • 0000192475 scopus 로고
    • Interest groups and the demand for agricultural research
    • Guttman, J.M., 1978, Interest groups and the demand for agricultural research, Journal of Political Economy 86, 467-484.
    • (1978) Journal of Political Economy , vol.86 , pp. 467-484
    • Guttman, J.M.1
  • 74
    • 0018918074 scopus 로고
    • Villages as interest groups: The demand for agricultural extension services in India
    • Guttman, J.M., 1980, Villages as interest groups: The demand for agricultural extension services in India, Kyklos, 122-141.
    • (1980) Kyklos , pp. 122-141
    • Guttman, J.M.1
  • 75
    • 84971690586 scopus 로고
    • Buying time: Moneyed interests and the mobilization of bias in Congressional committees
    • Hall, R.L. and F.W. Wayman, 1990, Buying time: Moneyed interests and the mobilization of bias in Congressional committees, American Political Science Review 84, 797-820.
    • (1990) American Political Science Review , vol.84 , pp. 797-820
    • Hall, R.L.1    Wayman, F.W.2
  • 76
    • 84971878514 scopus 로고
    • Access, record, and competition as influences on interest group contributions to Congressional campaigns
    • Herndon, J.F., 1982, Access, record, and competition as influences on interest group contributions to Congressional campaigns, Journal of Politics 44, 996-1019.
    • (1982) Journal of Politics , vol.44 , pp. 996-1019
    • Herndon, J.F.1
  • 77
    • 0000246705 scopus 로고
    • Do legislators' votes reflect constituency preference? a simple way to evaluate the Senate
    • Higgs, R., 1989, Do legislators' votes reflect constituency preference? A simple way to evaluate the Senate, Public Choice 63, 175-181.
    • (1989) Public Choice , vol.63 , pp. 175-181
    • Higgs, R.1
  • 78
    • 21144469063 scopus 로고
    • Congressional voting on superfund: Self-interest or ideology
    • Hird, J.A., 1993, Congressional voting on superfund: Self-interest or ideology, Public Choice 77, 333-357.
    • (1993) Public Choice , vol.77 , pp. 333-357
    • Hird, J.A.1
  • 79
    • 84933486298 scopus 로고
    • Corporations, PACs and the strategic link between contributions and lobbying activities
    • Humphries, C, 1991, Corporations, PACs and the strategic link between contributions and lobbying activities, Western Political Quarterly 44, 353-372.
    • (1991) Western Political Quarterly , vol.44 , pp. 353-372
    • Humphries, C.1
  • 80
    • 21344486231 scopus 로고
    • Lobbying expenditures and government output: The NEA and public education
    • Hoyt, W.H. and E.F. Toma, 1993, Lobbying expenditures and government output: The NEA and public education, Southern Economic Journal 60, 405-417.
    • (1993) Southern Economic Journal , vol.60 , pp. 405-417
    • Hoyt, W.H.1    Toma, E.F.2
  • 81
    • 0003022537 scopus 로고
    • Interest group demand for taxation
    • Hunter, W.J. and M.A. Nelson, 1989, Interest group demand for taxation, Public Choice 62, 41-61.
    • (1989) Public Choice , vol.62 , pp. 41-61
    • Hunter, W.J.1    Nelson, M.A.2
  • 84
    • 0002004582 scopus 로고
    • Money and votes reconsidered: Congressional elections, 1972-1982
    • Jacobson, G.C., 1985, Money and votes reconsidered: Congressional elections, 1972-1982, Public Choice 47, 7-62.
    • (1985) Public Choice , vol.47 , pp. 7-62
    • Jacobson, G.C.1
  • 85
    • 0000596844 scopus 로고
    • The demand for state regulation of the electric utility industry
    • Jarrell, G.A., 1978, The demand for state regulation of the electric utility industry, Journal of Law and Economics 21, 269-296.
    • (1978) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.21 , pp. 269-296
    • Jarrell, G.A.1
  • 86
    • 84934095019 scopus 로고
    • Issue visibility and the effects of PAC money
    • Jones, W. and K.R. Kaiser, 1987, Issue visibility and the effects of PAC money, Social Science Quarterly 68, 170-176.
    • (1987) Social Science Quarterly , vol.68 , pp. 170-176
    • Jones, W.1    Kaiser, K.R.2
  • 87
    • 38149146947 scopus 로고
    • An explanation for why senators from the same state vote differently so frequently
    • Jung, G.R., L.W. Kenny and J.R. Lott, 1994, An explanation for why senators from the same state vote differently so frequently, Journal of Public Economics 54, 65-96.
    • (1994) Journal of Public Economics , vol.54 , pp. 65-96
    • Jung, G.R.1    Kenny, L.W.2    Lott, J.R.3
  • 88
    • 0000746905 scopus 로고
    • Capture and ideology in the economic theory of politics
    • Kalt, J.P. and M.A. Zupan, 1984, Capture and ideology in the economic theory of politics, American Economic Review 74, 279-300.
    • (1984) American Economic Review , vol.74 , pp. 279-300
    • Kalt, J.P.1    Zupan, M.A.2
  • 89
    • 84936187329 scopus 로고
    • The apparent ideological behavior of legislators: Testing for principal-agent slack in political institutions
    • Kalt, J.P. and M.A. Zupan, 1990, The apparent ideological behavior of legislators: Testing for principal-agent slack in political institutions, Journal of Law and Economics 33, 103-131.
    • (1990) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.33 , pp. 103-131
    • Kalt, J.P.1    Zupan, M.A.2
  • 90
    • 0002421583 scopus 로고
    • Concealed takings: Capture and rent-seeking in the Indian sugar industry
    • Kamath, S.J., 1989, Concealed takings: Capture and rent-seeking in the Indian sugar industry, Public Choice 62, 119-138.
    • (1989) Public Choice , vol.62 , pp. 119-138
    • Kamath, S.J.1
  • 91
    • 0000134482 scopus 로고
    • Voting on minimum wages: A time-series analysis
    • Kau, J.B. and P.H. Rubin, 1978, Voting on minimum wages: A time-series analysis, Journal of Political Economy 86, 337-34.
    • (1978) Journal of Political Economy , vol.86 , pp. 337-434
    • Kau, J.B.1    Rubin, P.H.2
  • 92
    • 0002685259 scopus 로고
    • Public interest lobbies: Membership and influence
    • Kau, J.B. and P.H. Rubin, 1979a, Public interest lobbies: Membership and influence, Public Choice 34, 45-54.
    • (1979) Public Choice , vol.34 , pp. 45-54
    • Kau, J.B.1    Rubin, P.H.2
  • 93
    • 0000084828 scopus 로고
    • Self interest, ideology, and logrolling in Congressional voting
    • Kau, J.B. and P.H. Rubin, 1979b, Self interest, ideology, and logrolling in Congressional voting, Journal of Law and Economics 22, 365-384.
    • (1979) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.22 , pp. 365-384
    • Kau, J.B.1    Rubin, P.H.2
  • 94
    • 0001042588 scopus 로고
    • The impact of labor unions on the passage of economic regulation
    • Kau, J.B. and P.H. Rubin, 1981, The impact of labor unions on the passage of economic regulation, Journal of Labor Research 2, 133-145.
    • (1981) Journal of Labor Research , vol.2 , pp. 133-145
    • Kau, J.B.1    Rubin, P.H.2
  • 95
    • 3042932590 scopus 로고
    • Ideology, voting and shirking
    • Kau, J.B. and P.H. Rubin, 1993, Ideology, voting and shirking, Public Choice 76, 151-172.
    • (1993) Public Choice , vol.76 , pp. 151-172
    • Kau, J.B.1    Rubin, P.H.2
  • 97
    • 0002755750 scopus 로고
    • Looking for leverage in PAC markets: Corporate and labor contributions considered
    • Keim, G. and A. Zardkoohi, 1988, Looking for leverage in PAC markets: Corporate and labor contributions considered, Public Choice 58, 21-34.
    • (1988) Public Choice , vol.58 , pp. 21-34
    • Keim, G.1    Zardkoohi, A.2
  • 98
    • 0011548725 scopus 로고
    • Industry characteristics and interest group formation: An empirical study
    • Kennelly, B. and P. Murrell, 1991, Industry characteristics and interest group formation: An empirical study, Public Choice 21-40.
    • (1991) Public Choice , pp. 21-40
    • Kennelly, B.1    Murrell, P.2
  • 99
    • 0011622862 scopus 로고
    • Government spending in federal systems: A comparison between Switzerland and Germany
    • J.A. Lybeck and M. Henrekson, eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam
    • Kischgassner, G. and W. Pommerehne, 1988, Government spending in federal systems: A comparison between Switzerland and Germany, In: J.A. Lybeck and M. Henrekson, eds., Explaining the growth of government (North-Holland, Amsterdam).
    • (1988) Explaining the Growth of Government
    • Kischgassner, G.1    Pommerehne, W.2
  • 100
    • 34248254620 scopus 로고
    • Constituency characteristics and legislative preferences
    • Krehbiel, K., 1993, Constituency characteristics and legislative preferences, Public Choice 76, 21-37.
    • (1993) Public Choice , vol.76 , pp. 21-37
    • Krehbiel, K.1
  • 102
    • 84935413114 scopus 로고
    • Money and access: Some empirical evidence
    • Langbein, L.I., 1986, Money and access: Some empirical evidence, Journal of Politics 48, 1052-1062.
    • (1986) Journal of Politics , vol.48 , pp. 1052-1062
    • Langbein, L.I.1
  • 103
    • 34248251710 scopus 로고
    • PACs, lobbies and political conflict: The case of gun control
    • Langbein, L.I., 1993, PACs, lobbies and political conflict: The case of gun control, Public Choice 77. 551-572.
    • (1993) Public Choice , vol.77 , pp. 551-572
    • Langbein, L.I.1
  • 104
    • 21344477792 scopus 로고
    • Non-random assignment, vehicle safety inspection laws and high way fatalities
    • Leigh, J.P., 1994, Non-random assignment, vehicle safety inspection laws and high way fatalities, Public Choice 78, 373-387.
    • (1994) Public Choice , vol.78 , pp. 373-387
    • Leigh, J.P.1
  • 106
    • 84977423792 scopus 로고
    • Party politics and the price of payola
    • Lindsay, C.M. and M.T. Maloney, 1988, Party politics and the price of payola, Economic Inquiry 26, 203-221.
    • (1988) Economic Inquiry , vol.26 , pp. 203-221
    • Lindsay, C.M.1    Maloney, M.T.2
  • 107
    • 0001049756 scopus 로고
    • Political cheating
    • Lott, J.R., 1987a, Political cheating, Public Choice 52, 169-186.
    • (1987) Public Choice , vol.52 , pp. 169-186
    • Lott, J.R.1
  • 108
    • 0000233198 scopus 로고
    • The effect of nontransferable property rights on the efficiency of political markets
    • Lott, J.R., 1987b, The effect of nontransferable property rights on the efficiency of political markets, Journal of Public Economics 32, 231-246.
    • (1987) Journal of Public Economics , vol.32 , pp. 231-246
    • Lott, J.R.1
  • 109
    • 34248283656 scopus 로고
    • Shirking and sorting in a political market with finite-lived politicians
    • Lott, J.R. and W.R. Reed, 1989, Shirking and sorting in a political market with finite-lived politicians. Public Choice 61, 75-96.
    • (1989) Public Choice , vol.61 , pp. 75-96
    • Lott, J.R.1    Reed, W.R.2
  • 110
    • 21144479453 scopus 로고
    • A critical review and an extension of the political shirking literature
    • Lott, J.R. and M.L. Davis, 1992, A critical review and an extension of the political shirking literature, Public Choice 74, 461-484.
    • (1992) Public Choice , vol.74 , pp. 461-484
    • Lott, J.R.1    Davis, M.L.2
  • 111
    • 34248240370 scopus 로고
    • Time series evidence on shirking in the U.S. House of Representatives
    • Lott, J.R. and S.G. Bronars, 1993, Time series evidence on shirking in the U.S. House of Representatives, Public Choice 76, 125-149.
    • (1993) Public Choice , vol.76 , pp. 125-149
    • Lott, J.R.1    Bronars, S.G.2
  • 112
    • 84974489324 scopus 로고
    • Shortcuts versus Encyclopedias: Information and voting behavior in California insurance reform elections
    • Lupia, A.. 1994, Shortcuts versus Encyclopedias: Information and voting behavior in California insurance reform elections, American Political Science Review 88, 63-76.
    • (1994) American Political Science Review , vol.88 , pp. 63-76
    • Lupia, A.1
  • 113
    • 84971942098 scopus 로고
    • Interest groups and economic growth rates
    • Maitland, I., 1985, Interest groups and economic growth rates, Journal of Politics 47, 44-58.
    • (1985) Journal of Politics , vol.47 , pp. 44-58
    • Maitland, I.1
  • 114
    • 51249175242 scopus 로고
    • Congressional support for unions' positions across diverse legislation
    • Masters, M.F. and A. Zardkoohi, 1988, Congressional support for unions' positions across diverse legislation, Journal of Labor Research 9, 149-165.
    • (1988) Journal of Labor Research , vol.9 , pp. 149-165
    • Masters, M.F.1    Zardkoohi, A.2
  • 115
    • 84977381925 scopus 로고
    • Constituent interest vs. Legislator ideology: The role of political opportunity cost
    • McArthur, J. and S.V. Marks, 1988, Constituent interest vs. legislator ideology: The role of political opportunity cost, Economic Inquiry 26, 461-470.
    • (1988) Economic Inquiry , vol.26 , pp. 461-470
    • McArthur, J.1    Marks, S.V.2
  • 119
    • 0002684950 scopus 로고
    • The political economy of consumer protection: An examination of state legislation
    • Meier, K.J., 1987, The political economy of consumer protection: An examination of state legislation, Western Political Quarterly 40, 343-359.
    • (1987) Western Political Quarterly , vol.40 , pp. 343-359
    • Meier, K.J.1
  • 120
    • 0026918737 scopus 로고
    • State policies on funding of abortions: A pooled time series analysis
    • Meier, K.J. and D.R. McFarlane, 1992, State policies on funding of abortions: A pooled time series analysis, Social Science Quarterly 73, 690-698.
    • (1992) Social Science Quarterly , vol.73 , pp. 690-698
    • Meier, K.J.1    McFarlane, D.R.2
  • 121
    • 84977331494 scopus 로고
    • What's legal and what's not: The regulation of opiates in 1912
    • Michaels, R.J., 1992, What's legal and what's not: The regulation of opiates in 1912, Economic Inquiry 30, 696-713.
    • (1992) Economic Inquiry , vol.30 , pp. 696-713
    • Michaels, R.J.1
  • 123
    • 0000272438 scopus 로고
    • Agricultural price policies and political interest group competition
    • Miller, T.C, 1991, Agricultural price policies and political interest group competition, Journal of Policy Modelling 13, 489-513.
    • (1991) Journal of Policy Modelling , vol.13 , pp. 489-513
    • Miller, T.C.1
  • 125
    • 21844484157 scopus 로고
    • Public choice and the EPA: Empirical evidence on carbon emissions violations
    • Mixon, F.G., 1995, Public choice and the EPA: Empirical evidence on carbon emissions violations, Public Choice 83, 127-137.
    • (1995) Public Choice , vol.83 , pp. 127-137
    • Mixon, F.G.1
  • 126
    • 84984517179 scopus 로고
    • Elections and the theory of campaign contributions: A survey and critical analysis
    • Morton, R. and C. Cameron, 1992, Elections and the theory of campaign contributions: A survey and critical analysis, Economics and Politics 4, 79-108.
    • (1992) Economics and Politics , vol.4 , pp. 79-108
    • Morton, R.1    Cameron, C.2
  • 127
    • 0002814926 scopus 로고
    • Interest groups and the size of government
    • Mueller, D.C. and P. Murrell, 1986, Interest groups and the size of government, Public Choice 48, 125-145.
    • (1986) Public Choice , vol.48 , pp. 125-145
    • Mueller, D.C.1    Murrell, P.2
  • 128
    • 34248308396 scopus 로고
    • On the political participation of the firm in the electoral process: An update
    • Munger, M.C., 1988, On the political participation of the firm in the electoral process: An update, Public Choice 56, 295-298.
    • (1988) Public Choice , vol.56 , pp. 295-298
    • Munger, M.C.1
  • 129
    • 0009093083 scopus 로고
    • A simple test of the thesis that committee jurisdictions shape corporate PAC contributions
    • Munger, M.C., 1989, A simple test of the thesis that committee jurisdictions shape corporate PAC contributions, Public Choice 62, 181-186.
    • (1989) Public Choice , vol.62 , pp. 181-186
    • Munger, M.C.1
  • 130
    • 0011684699 scopus 로고
    • Pressure politics and government spending in Belgium
    • Naert, F., 1990, Pressure politics and government spending in Belgium, Public Choice 67, 49-63.
    • (1990) Public Choice , vol.67 , pp. 49-63
    • Naert, F.1
  • 131
    • 0039093555 scopus 로고
    • The growth of the public sector in Austria: An explanatory analysis
    • J.A. Lybeck and M. Henrekson, eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam
    • Neck, R. and F. Schneider, 1988, The growth of the public sector in Austria: An explanatory analysis, In: J.A. Lybeck and M. Henrekson, eds., Explaining the growth of government (North-Holland, Amsterdam).
    • (1988) Explaining the Growth of Government
    • Neck, R.1    Schneider, F.2
  • 132
    • 85005306192 scopus 로고
    • An empirical test of the Ramsey theory and Stigler-Peltzman theory of public utility pricing
    • Nelson, R.A., 1982, An empirical test of the Ramsey theory and Stigler-Peltzman theory of public utility pricing, Economic Inquiry 20, 277-290.
    • (1982) Economic Inquiry , vol.20 , pp. 277-290
    • Nelson, R.A.1
  • 133
    • 84977433006 scopus 로고
    • Ideology and legislator shirking
    • Nelson, D. and E. Silberberg, 1987, Ideology and legislator shirking, Economic Inquiry 25, 15-25.
    • (1987) Economic Inquiry , vol.25 , pp. 15-25
    • Nelson, D.1    Silberberg, E.2
  • 134
    • 70350108833 scopus 로고
    • Economic perspectives on the politics of regulation
    • R. Schmalensee and R. Willig, eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam
    • Noll, R.G., 1989, Economic perspectives on the politics of regulation, In: R. Schmalensee and R. Willig, eds., Handbook of industrial organisation, Vol. II (North-Holland, Amsterdam).
    • (1989) Handbook of Industrial Organisation , vol.2
    • Noll, R.G.1
  • 136
    • 84977328424 scopus 로고
    • The determinants of campaign spending: The role of the government jackpot
    • Palda, K.F., 1992, The determinants of campaign spending: The role of the government jackpot, Economic Inquiry 30, 627-638.
    • (1992) Economic Inquiry , vol.30 , pp. 627-638
    • Palda, K.F.1
  • 137
    • 21844522766 scopus 로고
    • Desirability and effects of campaign spending limits, crime
    • Palda, K.F., 1994, Desirability and effects of campaign spending limits, Crime, Law and Social Change 21, 295-317.
    • (1994) Law and Social Change , vol.21 , pp. 295-317
    • Palda, K.F.1
  • 138
    • 0001448906 scopus 로고
    • Ceilings on campaign spending: Hypothesis and partial test with Canadian data
    • Palda, K.F. and K.S. Palda, 1985, Ceilings on campaign spending: Hypothesis and partial test with Canadian data, Public Choice 45, 313-331.
    • (1985) Public Choice , vol.45 , pp. 313-331
    • Palda, K.F.1    Palda, K.S.2
  • 139
    • 0011682341 scopus 로고
    • The impact of regulated campaign expenditures and contributions in the French legislative elections of 1993
    • Saarbrücken
    • Palda, K.F. and K.S. Palda, 1994, The impact of regulated campaign expenditures and contributions in the French legislative elections of 1993, Paper presented at the 1995 meeting of the European Public Choice Society, Saarbrücken.
    • (1994) The 1995 Meeting of the European Public Choice Society
    • Palda, K.F.1    Palda, K.S.2
  • 140
    • 85005250932 scopus 로고
    • Environmental regulation: Whose self-interests are being protected?
    • Pashigian, B.P., 1985, Environmental regulation: Whose self-interests are being protected?, Economic Inquiry 551-584.
    • (1985) Economic Inquiry , pp. 551-584
    • Pashigian, B.P.1
  • 141
    • 0000420789 scopus 로고
    • Towards a more general theory of regulation
    • Peltzman, S., 1976, Towards a more general theory of regulation, Journal of Law and Economics 19, 211-240.
    • (1976) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.19 , pp. 211-240
    • Peltzman, S.1
  • 142
    • 84935997850 scopus 로고
    • Constituent interest and congressional voting
    • Peltzman, S., 1984, Constituent interest and congressional voting, Journal of Law and Economics 27, 181-210.
    • (1984) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.27 , pp. 181-210
    • Peltzman, S.1
  • 143
    • 0001103564 scopus 로고
    • Pressure groups and the pattern of tariffs
    • Pincus, J.J., 1975, Pressure groups and the pattern of tariffs, Journal of Political Economy 83, 757-777.
    • (1975) Journal of Political Economy , vol.83 , pp. 757-777
    • Pincus, J.J.1
  • 144
    • 34250394119 scopus 로고
    • The effects of industry concentration and regulation on contributions in three 1972 U.S. Senate campaigns
    • Pittman, R., 1976, The effects of industry concentration and regulation on contributions in three 1972 U.S. Senate campaigns, Public Choice 23, 71-80.
    • (1976) Public Choice , vol.23 , pp. 71-80
    • Pittman, R.1
  • 145
    • 0002246292 scopus 로고
    • Market structure and campaign contributions
    • Pittman, R., 1977, Market structure and campaign contributions, Public Choice 31, 37-52.
    • (1977) Public Choice , vol.31 , pp. 37-52
    • Pittman, R.1
  • 146
    • 0000074174 scopus 로고
    • Rent-seeking and market structure: Comment
    • Pittman, R., 1988, Rent-seeking and market structure: Comment, Public Choice 58, 173-185.
    • (1988) Public Choice , vol.58 , pp. 173-185
    • Pittman, R.1
  • 147
    • 84935956701 scopus 로고
    • An interest group model of direct income redistribution
    • Plotnick, R.D., 1986, An interest group model of direct income redistribution, Review of Economics and Statistics 68, 594-602.
    • (1986) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.68 , pp. 594-602
    • Plotnick, R.D.1
  • 148
    • 34248425448 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of PAC contributions to the 1980 campaigns for the U.S House of Representatives
    • Poole, K.T. and T. Romer, 1985, Patterns of PAC contributions to the 1980 campaigns for the U.S House of Representatives, Public Choice 47, 63-111.
    • (1985) Public Choice , vol.47 , pp. 63-111
    • Poole, K.T.1    Romer, T.2
  • 149
    • 21144480389 scopus 로고
    • Ideology, 'shirking', and representation
    • Poole, K.T. and T. Romer, 1993, Ideology, 'shirking', and representation, Public Choice 77, 185-196.
    • (1993) Public Choice , vol.77 , pp. 185-196
    • Poole, K.T.1    Romer, T.2
  • 150
    • 0011551931 scopus 로고
    • The revealed preferences of political action committees
    • Poole, K.T., T. Romer and H. Rosenthal, 1987, The revealed preferences of political action committees, American Economic Review 77, 298-302.
    • (1987) American Economic Review , vol.77 , pp. 298-302
    • Poole, K.T.1    Romer, T.2    Rosenthal, H.3
  • 152
    • 0038514305 scopus 로고
    • Models of interest groups: Four different approaches
    • N. Schofield, ed., Kluwer, Boston, MA
    • Potters, J. and F. van Winden, 1995, Models of interest groups: Four different approaches, In: N. Schofield, ed., Social choice and political economy (Kluwer, Boston, MA).
    • (1995) Social Choice and Political Economy
    • Potters, J.1    Van Winden, F.2
  • 155
    • 84934453523 scopus 로고
    • Regulatory costs, committee jurisdictions, and corporate PAC contributions
    • Regens, J.L., E. Elliott and R.K. Gaddie, 1991, Regulatory costs, committee jurisdictions, and corporate PAC contributions, Social Science Quarterly 72, 751-760.
    • (1991) Social Science Quarterly , vol.72 , pp. 751-760
    • Regens, J.L.1    Elliott, E.2    Gaddie, R.K.3
  • 156
    • 84937307803 scopus 로고
    • Corporate PAC contributions and rent provision in senate elections
    • Regens, J.L., Gaddie, R.K. and E. Elliott, 1994, Corporate PAC contributions and rent provision in senate elections, Social Science Quarterly 75, 152-165.
    • (1994) Social Science Quarterly , vol.75 , pp. 152-165
    • Regens, J.L.1    Gaddie, R.K.2    Elliott, E.3
  • 157
    • 0001533190 scopus 로고
    • Fiscal behaviour and the growth of government in the Netherlands
    • J.A. Lybeck and M. Henrekson, eds., North-Holland, Amsterdam
    • Renaud, P.S.A. and F. van Winden 1988, Fiscal behaviour and the growth of government in the Netherlands, In: J.A. Lybeck and M. Henrekson, eds., Explaining the growth of government (North-Holland, Amsterdam).
    • (1988) Explaining the Growth of Government
    • Renaud, P.S.A.1    Van Winden, F.2
  • 159
    • 0002289119 scopus 로고
    • Shirking, representation, and congressional behavior: Voting on the 1983 amendments to the Social Security Act
    • Richardson, L.E. and M.C. Munger, 1990, Shirking, representation, and congressional behavior: Voting on the 1983 amendments to the Social Security Act, Public Choice 67, 11-33.
    • (1990) Public Choice , vol.67 , pp. 11-33
    • Richardson, L.E.1    Munger, M.C.2
  • 160
    • 84937311838 scopus 로고
    • An empirical investigation of the dynamics of PAC contributions
    • Romer, T. and J.M. Snyder, 1994, An empirical investigation of the dynamics of PAC contributions, American Journal of Political Science 38, 745-769.
    • (1994) American Journal of Political Science , vol.38 , pp. 745-769
    • Romer, T.1    Snyder, J.M.2
  • 161
    • 84972344717 scopus 로고
    • Economic power and political influence: The impact of industry structure on public policy
    • Salamon, L.M. and J.J. Siegfried, 1977, Economic power and political influence: The impact of industry structure on public policy, American Political Science Review 71, 1026-1043.
    • (1977) American Political Science Review , vol.71 , pp. 1026-1043
    • Salamon, L.M.1    Siegfried, J.J.2
  • 163
    • 84935925851 scopus 로고
    • Congressional voting on labor issues: The role of PACs
    • Saltzman, G.M., 1987, Congressional voting on labor issues: The role of PACs, Industrial and Labor Relations Review 40, 163-179.
    • (1987) Industrial and Labor Relations Review , vol.40 , pp. 163-179
    • Saltzman, G.M.1
  • 166
    • 0001103333 scopus 로고
    • Interest groups in democracies: How influential are they? An empirical examination for Switzerland
    • Schneider, F. and J. Naumann, 1982, Interest groups in democracies: How influential are they? An empirical examination for Switzerland, Public Choice 38, 281-303.
    • (1982) Public Choice , vol.38 , pp. 281-303
    • Schneider, F.1    Naumann, J.2
  • 167
    • 84971766189 scopus 로고
    • Lessons, in lobbying for free trade in 19th century Britain: To concentrate or not
    • Schonhardt-Bailey, C., 1991, Lessons, in lobbying for free trade in 19th century Britain: To concentrate or not, American Political Science Review 85, 37-58.
    • (1991) American Political Science Review , vol.85 , pp. 37-58
    • Schonhardt-Bailey, C.1
  • 168
    • 84934563728 scopus 로고
    • Campaign contributions and legislative outcomes
    • Schroedel, J.R., 1986, Campaign contributions and legislative outcomes, Western Political Quarterly 39, 371-389.
    • (1986) Western Political Quarterly , vol.39 , pp. 371-389
    • Schroedel, J.R.1
  • 169
    • 84934563594 scopus 로고
    • A spatial model of roll call voting: Senators, constituents, presidents, and interest groups in Supreme Court confirmations
    • Segal, J.A., C.M. Cameron and A.D. Cover, 1992, A spatial model of roll call voting: Senators, constituents, presidents, and interest groups in Supreme Court confirmations, American Journal of Political Science 36, 96-121.
    • (1992) American Journal of Political Science , vol.36 , pp. 96-121
    • Segal, J.A.1    Cameron, C.M.2    Cover, A.D.3
  • 170
    • 0000480082 scopus 로고
    • Determining legislative preferences on the minimum wage: An economic approach
    • Silberman, J. and G.C. Burden, 1976, determining legislative preferences on the minimum wage: An economic approach, Journal of Political Economy 84, 317-329.
    • (1976) Journal of Political Economy , vol.84 , pp. 317-329
    • Silberman, J.1    Burden, G.C.2
  • 171
    • 0011555234 scopus 로고
    • The market for special interest campaign funds: An exploratory research
    • Silberman, J. and G. Yochum, 1980, The market for special interest campaign funds: An exploratory research, Public Choice 35, 75-83.
    • (1980) Public Choice , vol.35 , pp. 75-83
    • Silberman, J.1    Yochum, G.2
  • 172
    • 84934562154 scopus 로고
    • Campaign contributions as investments: The U.S. House of Representatives, 1980-1986
    • Snyder, J.M., 1990, Campaign contributions as investments: The U.S. House of Representatives, 1980-1986, Journal of Political Economy 98, 1195-1227.
    • (1990) Journal of Political Economy , vol.98 , pp. 1195-1227
    • Snyder, J.M.1
  • 173
  • 174
    • 84933495878 scopus 로고
    • Long-term investing in politicians: Or, give early, give often
    • Snyder, J.M., 1992, Long-term investing in politicians: Or, give early, give often, Journal of Law and Economics 35, 15-43.
    • (1992) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.35 , pp. 15-43
    • Snyder, J.M.1
  • 175
    • 0001112321 scopus 로고
    • The market for campaign contributions: Evidence for the U.S. Senate 1980-1986
    • Snyder, J.M., 1993, The market for campaign contributions: Evidence for the U.S. Senate 1980-1986, Economics and Politics 5, 219-240.
    • (1993) Economics and Politics , vol.5 , pp. 219-240
    • Snyder, J.M.1
  • 177
    • 0001367001 scopus 로고
    • What do campaign contributions buy? Deciphering causal effects of money and votes
    • Stratmann, T., 1991, What do campaign contributions buy? Deciphering causal effects of money and votes, Southern Economic Journal 57, 606-620.
    • (1991) Southern Economic Journal , vol.57 , pp. 606-620
    • Stratmann, T.1
  • 178
    • 84933492475 scopus 로고
    • Are contributions rational? Untangling strategies of political action committees
    • Stratmann, T., 1992a, Are contributions rational? Untangling strategies of political action committees, Journal of Political Economy 100, 647-664.
    • (1992) Journal of Political Economy , vol.100 , pp. 647-664
    • Stratmann, T.1
  • 179
    • 0011551932 scopus 로고
    • The effects of logrolling on congressional voting
    • Stratmann, T., 1992b, The effects of logrolling on Congressional voting, American Economic Review 82, 1162-1176.
    • (1992) American Economic Review , vol.82 , pp. 1162-1176
    • Stratmann, T.1
  • 180
    • 0011670267 scopus 로고
    • How reelection constituencies matter: Evidence from political action committees' contributions and congressional voting
    • Austin, TX
    • Stratmann, T., 1994, How reelection constituencies matter: Evidence from political action committees' contributions and Congressional voting, Paper presented at the 1994 joint meeting of the Public Choice Society and the Economic Science Association, Austin, TX.
    • (1994) The 1994 Joint Meeting of the Public Choice Society and the Economic Science Association
    • Stratmann, T.1
  • 181
    • 21844518305 scopus 로고
    • Campaign contributions and congressional voting: Does the timing of contributions matter?
    • Stratmann, T., 1995a, Campaign contributions and congressional voting: Does the timing of contributions matter?, Review of Economics and Statistics 77, 127-136.
    • (1995) Review of Economics and Statistics , vol.77 , pp. 127-136
    • Stratmann, T.1
  • 183
    • 0001368393 scopus 로고
    • Bargaining theory, fear for disagreement, and wage settlements: Theory and evidence for the U.S. industry
    • Svejnar, J., 1986, Bargaining theory, fear for disagreement, and wage settlements: Theory and evidence for the U.S. industry, Econometrica 54, 1055-1078.
    • (1986) Econometrica , vol.54 , pp. 1055-1078
    • Svejnar, J.1
  • 185
    • 84928438740 scopus 로고
    • Interests and institutions in state regulation
    • Teske, P., 1991, Interests and institutions in state regulation, American Journal of Political Science 35, 139-154.
    • (1991) American Journal of Political Science , vol.35 , pp. 139-154
    • Teske, P.1
  • 186
    • 34247398134 scopus 로고
    • Check bouncing and fiscal irresponsibility: Evidence of nonideological shirking by legislators
    • Thorbecke, W. and S. Matzelevich, 1995, Check bouncing and fiscal irresponsibility: Evidence of nonideological shirking by legislators, Public Choice 83, 59-64.
    • (1995) Public Choice , vol.83 , pp. 59-64
    • Thorbecke, W.1    Matzelevich, S.2
  • 187
    • 84933493420 scopus 로고
    • Community, class and cohesion in the passage of corporate takeover legislation
    • Tigges, L.M. and M.J. Clarke, 1992, Community, class and cohesion in the passage of corporate takeover legislation, Social Science Quarterly 73, 798-814.
    • (1992) Social Science Quarterly , vol.73 , pp. 798-814
    • Tigges, L.M.1    Clarke, M.J.2
  • 188
    • 0001781905 scopus 로고
    • The textile bill of 1985: The determinants of Congressional voting patterns
    • Tosini, S.C. and E. Tower, 1987, The textile bill of 1985: The determinants of Congressional voting patterns, Public Choice 54, 19-25.
    • (1987) Public Choice , vol.54 , pp. 19-25
    • Tosini, S.C.1    Tower, E.2
  • 189
    • 0027498610 scopus 로고
    • Trade liberalization and the theory of endogenous protection: An econometric study of U.S. import policy
    • Trefler, D., 1993, Trade liberalization and the theory of endogenous protection: An econometric study of U.S. import policy, Journal of Political Economy 101, 138-160.
    • (1993) Journal of Political Economy , vol.101 , pp. 138-160
    • Trefler, D.1
  • 191
    • 0011551933 scopus 로고
    • An economic analysis of the determinants of minimum wage voting behavior
    • Uri, N.D. and J.W. Mixon, 1980, An economic analysis of the determinants of minimum wage voting behavior, Journal of Law and Economics 23, 167-177.
    • (1980) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.23 , pp. 167-177
    • Uri, N.D.1    Mixon, J.W.2
  • 192
    • 84970122699 scopus 로고
    • Does the decision to retire increase the amount of political shirking?
    • Van Beek, J., 1991, Does the decision to retire increase the amount of political shirking?, Public Finance Quarterly 19, 444-456.
    • (1991) Public Finance Quarterly , vol.19 , pp. 444-456
    • Van Beek, J.1
  • 195
    • 84970392216 scopus 로고
    • Arms control and strategic arms voting in the U.S. senate
    • Wayman, F.W., 1985, Arms control and strategic arms voting in the U.S. senate, Journal of Conflict Resolution 29, 225-251.
    • (1985) Journal of Conflict Resolution , vol.29 , pp. 225-251
    • Wayman, F.W.1
  • 196
    • 0003089972 scopus 로고
    • The economics of campaign funds
    • Welch, W.P., 1974, The economics of campaign funds, Public Choice 20, 83-97.
    • (1974) Public Choice , vol.20 , pp. 83-97
    • Welch, W.P.1
  • 197
    • 0011555780 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of contributions: Economic interest and ideological groups
    • H.E. Alexander, ed., Sage, Beverly Hills, CA
    • Welch, W.P., 1979, Patterns of contributions: Economic interest and ideological groups, In: H.E. Alexander, ed., Political finance (Sage, Beverly Hills, CA).
    • (1979) Political Finance
    • Welch, W.P.1
  • 198
    • 0011551688 scopus 로고
    • Allocation of political monies: Economic interest groups
    • Welch, W.P., 1980, Allocation of political monies: Economic interest groups, Public Choice 35, 97-120.
    • (1980) Public Choice , vol.35 , pp. 97-120
    • Welch, W.P.1
  • 199
    • 0000725606 scopus 로고
    • Money and votes: A simultaneous equation model
    • Welch, W.P., 1981, Money and votes: A simultaneous equation model, Public Choice 36, 209-234.
    • (1981) Public Choice , vol.36 , pp. 209-234
    • Welch, W.P.1
  • 200
    • 0001568606 scopus 로고
    • Campaign contributions and legislative voting: Milk money and dairy price supports
    • Welch, W.P., 1982, Campaign contributions and legislative voting: Milk money and dairy price supports, Western Political Quarterly 35, 478-495.
    • (1982) Western Political Quarterly , vol.35 , pp. 478-495
    • Welch, W.P.1
  • 201
    • 51249176861 scopus 로고
    • Union PAC contributions and legislative voting
    • Wilhite, A., 1988, Union PAC contributions and legislative voting, Journal of Labor Research 9, 79-90.
    • (1988) Journal of Labor Research , vol.9 , pp. 79-90
    • Wilhite, A.1
  • 202
    • 51249179405 scopus 로고
    • Unions, corporations, and political campaign contributions: The 1982 House elections
    • Wilhite, A. and J. Theilmann, 1986a, Unions, corporations, and political campaign contributions: The 1982 House elections, Journal of Labor Research 7, 175-185.
    • (1986) Journal of Labor Research , vol.7 , pp. 175-185
    • Wilhite, A.1    Theilmann, J.2
  • 203
  • 204
    • 0000435321 scopus 로고
    • Labor PAC contributions and labor legislation: A simultaneous logit approach
    • Wilhite, A. and J. Theilmann, 1987, Labor PAC contributions and labor legislation: A simultaneous logit approach, Public Choice 53, 267-276.
    • (1987) Public Choice , vol.53 , pp. 267-276
    • Wilhite, A.1    Theilmann, J.2
  • 205
    • 84973991348 scopus 로고
    • PACs, contributions, and roll calls: An organizational perspective
    • Wright, J.R., 1985, PACs, contributions, and roll calls: An organizational perspective, American Journal of Political Science 79, 400-414.
    • (1985) American Journal of Political Science , vol.79 , pp. 400-414
    • Wright, J.R.1
  • 206
    • 84974487428 scopus 로고
    • PAC contributions, lobbying, and representation
    • Wright, J.R., 1989, PAC contributions, lobbying, and representation, Journal of Politics 51, 713-729.
    • (1989) Journal of Politics , vol.51 , pp. 713-729
    • Wright, J.R.1
  • 207
    • 84971795293 scopus 로고
    • Contributions, lobbying, and committee voting in the U.S. House of Representatives
    • Wright, J.R., 1990, Contributions, lobbying, and committee voting in the U.S. House of Representatives, American Political Science Review 84, 417-438.
    • (1990) American Political Science Review , vol.84 , pp. 417-438
    • Wright, J.R.1
  • 208
    • 34248248973 scopus 로고
    • Shirking and political support in the U.S. Senate
    • Wright, M.B., 1993, Shirking and political support in the U.S. Senate, Public Choice 76, 103-123.
    • (1993) Public Choice , vol.76 , pp. 103-123
    • Wright, M.B.1
  • 209
    • 0011617987 scopus 로고
    • Interest group politics and the licensing of public accountants
    • Young, S.D., 1991, Interest group politics and the licensing of public accountants, The Accounting Review 66, 809-817.
    • (1991) The Accounting Review , vol.66 , pp. 809-817
    • Young, S.D.1
  • 210
    • 0001066296 scopus 로고
    • On the political participation of the firm in the electoral process
    • Zardkoohi, A., 1985, On the political participation of the firm in the electoral process, Southern Economic Journal 51, 804-817.
    • (1985) Southern Economic Journal , vol.51 , pp. 804-817
    • Zardkoohi, A.1
  • 211
    • 0000001967 scopus 로고
    • Market structure and campaign contributions: Does concentration matter?
    • Zardkoohi, A., 1988, Market structure and campaign contributions: Does concentration matter?, Public Choice 58, 187-191.
    • (1988) Public Choice , vol.58 , pp. 187-191
    • Zardkoohi, A.1
  • 212
    • 38249006858 scopus 로고
    • A cross-institutional comparison of the extent to which political representatives' voting behavior reflects constituents' preferences
    • Zupan, M.A., 1989, A cross-institutional comparison of the extent to which political representatives' voting behavior reflects constituents' preferences, Economic Letters 30, 291-295.
    • (1989) Economic Letters , vol.30 , pp. 291-295
    • Zupan, M.A.1
  • 213
    • 0000547589 scopus 로고
    • The last period problem in politics: Do congressional representatives not subject to a reelection constraint alter their voting behavior?
    • Zupan, M.A., 1990, The last period problem in politics: Do congressional representatives not subject to a reelection constraint alter their voting behavior?, Public Choice 65, 167-179.
    • (1990) Public Choice , vol.65 , pp. 167-179
    • Zupan, M.A.1
  • 214
    • 84925899358 scopus 로고
    • The incorporation and measurement of social power in economic models
    • Zusman, P., 1976, The incorporation and measurement of social power in economic models, International Economic Review 17, 447-462.
    • (1976) International Economic Review , vol.17 , pp. 447-462
    • Zusman, P.1
  • 215
    • 0011660626 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative investigation of a poltical economy: The Israeli diary program
    • Zusman, P. and A. Aimad, 1977, A quantitative investigation of a poltical economy: The Israeli diary program, American Journal of Agricultural Economics 59, 88-98.
    • (1977) American Journal of Agricultural Economics , vol.59 , pp. 88-98
    • Zusman, P.1    Aimad, A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.