Cognitive moral development and attitudes toward women executives

Journal of Business Ethics

Volumn 15, Issue 11, 1996, Pages 1227-1235

  Everett, Linda Howell ^a,b   Thorne, Debbie ^b   Danehower, Carol ^b  

^a Trevecca College   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030295668     PISSN: 01674544     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF00412821     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Adams, J., R. W. Rice and D. Instone: 1984, 'Follower Attitudes toward Women, and Judgments Concerning Performance by Female and Male Leaders', Academy of Management Journal 27, 636-643.
2. Baxter, G. A. and C. A. Rarick: 1987, 'Education for the Moral Development of Managers: Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development and Integrative Education', Journal of Business Ethics 6, 243-248.
3. Bazerman, M.: 1986, Judgment in Managerial Decision Making (Wiley, New York).
4. Brenner, O. C, J. Tomkiewicz and V. E. Schein: 1989, 'The relationship Between Sex Role Stereotypes and Requisite Management Characteristics Revisited', Academy of Management Journal 32, 662-669.
5. Brief, A. N. and M. J. Wallace: 1976, 'The Impact of Employee Sex and Performance on the Allocation of Rewards', Journal of Psychology 92, 25-34.
6. Caudron, S.: 1993, 'Training Can Damage Diversity Efforts', Personnel Journal 50-62.
7. Chacko, T. I.: 1982: 'Women's Equal Employment Opportunity: Some Unintended Effects', Journal of Applied Psychology 67, 119-123.
8. Colby, A. and L. Kohlberg: 1987, 'The Measurement of Moral Judgement: Theoretical Foundations and Research Validation' (Cambridge University Press, New York).
9. Cox, T. and S. Blake: 1991, 'Managing Cultural Diversity: Implications for Organizational Competitiveness', Academy of Management Executive, 45-56.
10. Dalton, D. R. and I. F. Kesner: 1993, 'Cracks in the Glass: The Silent Competence of Women', Business Horizons 36, 6-11.
11. Donnell, S. M. and J. Hall: 1980, 'Men and Women as Managers: A Significant Case of No Significant Difference', Organizational Dynamics, Spring: 60-77.
12. Dubno, P.: 1985, 'Attitudes Toward Women Executives: A Longitudinal Approach', Academy of Management Journal 28, 235-239.
13. Dubno, P., J. Costas, H. Cannon, C. Wankel and H. Emin: 1979, 'An Empirically Keyed Scale for Measuring Managerial Attitudes Toward Female Executives', Psychology of Women Quarterly 3, 357-364.
14. Ezell, H. F., C. A. Odewahn and J. D. Sherman: 1981, 'The Effects of Having Been Supervised by a Woman on Perceptions of Female Managerial Competence', Personnel Psychology 34, 291-300.
15. Fishbein, M. and I. Ajzen: 1975, Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research (Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.).
16. Fisher, A. B.: 1992, 'When Will Women Get to the Top?', Fortune, Sept. 21, pp. 44-56.
17. Fraedrich, J. P., D. M. Thorne and O. C. Ferrell: 1994, 'Assessing the Application of Cognitive Moral Development Theory to Business Ethics', Journal of Business Ethics, forthcoming.
18. Gilligan, C.: 1977, 'In a Different Voice: Women's Conception of Self and of Morality', Harvard Educational Review 47, 481-517.
19. Goolsby, J. R. and S. D. Hunt: 1992, 'Cognitive Moral Development and Marketing', Journal of Marketing 56, 55-68.
20. Heilman, A. F. and R. A. Guzzo: 1978, 'The perceived Cause of Work Success as a Moderator of Sex Discrimination in Organizations', Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 21, 346-357.
21. Heilman, M. E., C. J. Black, R. F. Martell and M. C. Simon: 1989, 'Has Anything Charged? Current Characterizations of Men, Women and Managers', Journal of Applied Psychology 74, 935-942.
22. Izraeli, D. N. and D. Izraeli: 1985, 'Sex Effects in Evaluating Leaders: A Replication Study', Journal of Applied Psychology 70, 540-546.
23. Knouse, S. B. and R. A. Giacalone: 1992, 'Ethical Decision-Making in Business: Behavioral Issues and Concerns', Journal of Business Ethics 11, 369-377.
24. Kohlberg, L.: 1969, 'Stage and Sequence: The Cognitive Developmental Approach to Socialization', in D. A. Goslin (ed.), Handbook of Socialization Theoretical Research, pp. 347-480.
25. Kohlberg, L.: 1984, Essays on Moral Development: Vol. II. The Psychology of Moral Development (Harper and Row, New York).
26. Konrad, W.: 1990, 'Welcome to the Woman-Friendly Company', Business Week, Aug. 6, pp. 48-55.
27. Lanza-Kaduce, L., M. D. Krohn and M. Radosevich: 1983, 'Cognitive Moral Development, Neutralizing Definitions and Delinquency' in S. Laufer and J. M. Day (eds.), Personality Theory, Moral Development and Criminal Behavior (Lexington Books, Lexington, MA), pp. 441-464.
28. Lanza-Kaduce, L. and M. Klug: 1986, 'Learning to Cheat: The Interaction of Moral Development and Social Learning Theories', Deviant Behavior 7, 243-260.
29. Morrison, A. M. and M. A. Von Glinow: 1990, 'Women and Minorities in Management', American Psychologist 45, 200-208.
30. Nelson, D. R. and T. E. Obremski: 1990, 'Promoting Moral Growth Through Intra-Group Participation', Journal of Business Ethics 9, 731-739.
31. Owen, C. L. and W. D. Todor: 1993, 'Attitudes Toward Women as Managers: Still the Same', Business Horizons 36, 12-16.
32. Penn, W. Y. and B. D. Collier: 1985, 'Current Research in Moral Development as a Decision Support System', Journal of Business Ethics 4, 131-136.
33. Peters, H., R. Terborg and J. Taylor: 1974, 'Women as Managers Scale (WAMS): A Measure of Attitudes Toward Women in Management Positions', JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology 4(27), MS 585.
34. Powell, G. N.: 1993, Women and Men in Management (Sage, Newbury Park).
35. Powell, G. N. and D. Butterfield: 1994, 'Investigating the 'Glass Ceiling: An Empirical Study of Actual Promotions to Top Management', Academy of Management Journal 37, 68-86.
36. Ragins, B. E. and E. Sundstrom: 1989, 'Gender and Power in Organizations: A Longitudinal Perspective', Psychological Bulletin 105, 51-88.
37. Rest, J.: 1979, Rest Manual for the Defining Issues Test: An Objective Test of Moral Judgement Development (Moral Research Projects, Minneapolis).
38. Rest, J.: 1986, Moral Development: Advance in Research and Theory (Praeger Publishers, New York).
39. Rosener, J.: 1991, 'Ways Women Lead', Harvard Business Review 68, 119-125.
40. Snavely, B. K.: 1993, 'Managing Conflict Over the Perceived Progress of Working Women', Business Horizons 36, 17-22.
41. Staw, B.: 1991, 'Dressing Up Like an Organization: When Psychological Theory can Explain Organization Action', Journal of Management 17, 805-817.
42. Stephens, G. R. and A. S. DeNisi: 1980, 'Women as Managers: Attitudes and Attributions for Performance by Men and Women', Academy of Management Journal 23, 355-361.
43. Strong, K. C. and G. D. Meyer: 1992, 'An Integrative Descriptive Model of Ethical Decision Making', Journal of Business Ethics 11, 89-94.
44. Taylor, M. S. and D. R. Ilgen: 1981, 'Sex Discrimination Against Women in Initial Placement Decisions: A Laboratory Investigation', Academy of Management Journal 24, 859-865.
45. Thoma, S. J. and M. J. Davison: 1983, 'Moral Reasoning Development and Graduate Education', Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 4, 227-238.
46. Trevino, L. K.: 1986, 'Ethical Decision Making in Organizations: Person-Situation Interactionist Model', Academy of Management Review 11, 601-617.
47. Zaichkowsky, J.: 1985, 'Measuring the Involvement Construct', Journal of Consumer Research 12, 341-352.