The low specificity of the hyperventilation provocation test

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

Volumn 41, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 435-449

  Hornsveld, Hellen ^a,b   Garssen, Bert ^a,c  

^a ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b SLOTERVAART HOSPITAL   (Netherlands)

^c HELEN DOWLING INSTITUTE   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Anxiety; Hyperventilation syndrome; Hypocapnia; Symptom reporting

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERVENTILATION SYNDROME; HYPOCAPNIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PARESTHESIA; PROVOCATION TEST; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SYMPTOM;

EID: 0030293824     PISSN: 00223999     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3999(96)00195-X     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. 1. Lewis RA, Howell JBL. Definition of hyperventilation syndrome. Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir 1986;22:201-205.
2. 2. Gardner WN, Bass C. Hyperventilation in clinical practice. Br J Hosp Med 1989;41:73-81.
3. 3. Garssen B, de Ruiter C, van Dyck R. Breathing retraining: a rational placebo? Clin Psychol Rev 1992;12:141-153.
4. 4. Grossman P, Wientjes CJE. Respiratory disorders: asthma and hyperventilation syndrome. In Turpin G, ed., Handbook of clinical psychophysiology. London: John Wiley & Sons 1989:519-554.
5. 5. Hibbert GA, Pilsbury D. Hyperventilation: is it a cause of panic attacks? Br J Psychiatry 1989;152:76-80.
6. 6. Hornsveld H, Garssen B, Fiedeldij Dop M, van Spiegel P. Symptom reporting during voluntary hyperventilation and mental load: implications for diagnosing hyperventilation syndrome. J Psychosom Res 1990;34:687-697.
7. 7. Ruiter C de, Garssen B, Rijken H, Kraaimaat F. The hyperventilation syndrome in panic disorder, agoraphobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther 1989;27:447-452.
8. 8. Roll M, Zetterquist S. Acute chest pain without obvious organic cause before the age of 40 years: response to forced hyperventilation. J Intern Med 1990;228:223-228.
9. 9. Spinhoven P, Onstein EJ, Sterk PJ, Le Haen-Versteijnen D. Discordance between symptom and physiological criteria for the hyperventilation syndrome. J Psychosom Res 1993;37:281-289.
10. 10. Gannon L. Awareness of internal cues and concordance among verbal, behavioral, and physiological systems in dysfunction. Psychol Rep 1984;54:631-650.
11. 11. Pennebaker J. The psychology of physical symptoms. New York: Springer Verlag 1982.
12. 12. Svebak S, Grossman P. The experience of psychosomatic symptoms in the hyperventilation provocation test and in non-hyperventilation tasks. Scand J Psychol 1985;26:327-335.
13. 13. Margraf J, Ehlers A, Roth WT. Expectancy effects and hyperventilation as laboratory stressors. In: Florin I, Weiner H, Hellhamer D, eds., Frontiers of stress research. Toronto: Huber 1990:395-400.
14. 14. Salkovskis PM, Clark DM. Affective responses to hyperventilation: a test of the cognitive model of panic. Behav Res Ther 1990;28:51-61.
15. 15. Holt PE, Andrews G. Provocation of panic: three elements of the panic reaction in four anxiety disorders. Behav Res Ther 1989;3:253-261.
16. 16. Rapee R, Medoro L. Fear of physical sensations and trait anxiety as mediators of the response to hyperventilation in nonclinical subjects. J Abnorm Psychol 1994;103:693-699.
17. 17. Weimann G. Das Hyperventilationssyndrom. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg 1968.
18. 18. Hornsveld H, Garssen B, van Spiegel P. Voluntary hyperventilation: the influence of duration and depth on the development of symptoms. Biol Psychol 1995;40:299-312.
19. 19. Wientjes CJE. Respiration in psychophysiology: methods and applications. Biol Psychol 1992;34:179-203.
20. 20. Hornsveld H, Garssen B, Koornwinder M, Fiedeldij Dop M, van Spiegel P, Klok A. The effects of high and low anxiety provoking instructions on the responses to the hyperventilation provocation test. Int J Behav Med 1995;2:135-156.
21. 21. Spielberger CD, Gorsuch A, Lushene RL. The state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologist Press 1970.
22. 22a. Ploeg van der HM, Defares PB, Spielberger CD. Handleiding bij de zelfbeoordelingsvragenlijst. [Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory.] Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger 1979.
23. 22b. Hornsveld H, Garssen B, Fiedeldij Dop M, van Spiegel P, Dehaes J. Double-blind placebo-controlled study of the hyperventilation provocation test and the validity of the hyperventilation syndrome. Lancet 1996;348:154-158.
24. 23. Chambless DL, Caputo GC, Bright P, Gallagher R. Assessment of fear in agoraphobics: the body sensations questionnaire and the agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire. J Consult Clin Psychol 1984;52:1090-1097.
25. 24. Arrindell WA. The fear of fear concept: stability, retest artefact and predictive power. Behav Res Ther 1993;31:139-148.
26. 25. Pilowsky I. Dimensions of hypochondriasis. Br J Psychiatry 1967;113:89-93.
27. 26. Speckens AEM, Spinhoven P, Sloekers PPM, Bolk JH, van Hemert, AM. The validation study of the Whitely Index, The Illness Attitude Scales, and the somatosensory amplification scale in general medicine and general practice patients. J Psychosom Res 1996; 40:95-104.
28. 27. Ferguson GA. Statistical analysis in psychology and education. London: McGraw-Hill 1966.
29. 28. Wientjes CJE, Grossman P. Over-reactivity of the psyche or of the soma? Interindividual associations between psychosomatic symptoms, anxiety, heart rate and end-tidal partial carbon dioxide pressure. Psychosom Med 1994;6:533-540.
30. 29. Weimann G, Korschinsky H. Durchfrung und Bewertung des Hyperventilationsversuchs. Medische Klinik 1970;65:56-62.
31. 2 in normal subjects. Resp Med 1992;86:335-340.
32. 31. Rapee R. Detection of somatic sensations in panic disorder. Behav Res Ther 1994;32:825-831.
33. 32. Brown EB. Physiological effects of hyperventilation. Psychol Rev 1953;33:445-471.
34. 33. Kugelberg E. Activation of human nerves by hyperventilation and hypocalcemia. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1948;60:153-164.
35. 34. Magadan GJ. Hyperventilation syndromes: infrequently recognized common expressions of anxiety and stress. Medicine 1982;61:219-236.
36. 35. Rapee RM, Brown TA, Antony MM, Barlow DH. Response to hyperventilation and inhalation of 5.5% carbon dioxide-enriched air across the DSM-III-R anxiety disorders. J Abnorm Psychol 1992;101:538-552.
37. 36. Holloway W, McNally RJ. Effects of anxiety sensitivity on the response to hyperventilation. J Abnorm Psychol 1987;96:330-334.
38. 37. Lewis BI. Hyperventilation syndrome. Calif Med 1959;91:121-126.
39. 38. Ley R. Panic disorder and agoraphobia: Fear of fear, or fear of the symptoms produced by hyperventilation? J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 1987;18:305-316.
40. 39. Huey SR, West SG. Hyperventilation: its relation to symptom experience and to anxiety. J Abnorm Psychol 1983;92:422-432.
41. 40. Ehlers A, Margraf J, Roth WT, Taylor CB, Maddock RJ, Sheikh J, Kopell ML, McClenaham KL, Gossard D, Blowers GH, Agras WS, Kopell BS. Lactate infusion and panic attacks: do patients and controls respond differently? Psychiatry Res 1986;17:295-308.
42. 41. Goetz RR, Gorman JM, Dillon DJ, Papp LA, Hollander E, Fyer AJ, Liebowitz MR, Klein DF. Do panic disorder patients indiscriminately endorse somatic complaints? Psychiatry Res 1989;29:207-213.
43. 42. Costa PT, McCrea RR. Hypochondriasis, neuroticism and aging: when are somatic complaints unfounded? Am Psychol 1985;40:19-28.
44. 43. Kellner R, Sheffield BF. The one-week prevalence of symptoms in neurotic patients and normals. Am J Psychiatry 1973;130:102-105.
45. 44. Watson D, Pennebaker J. Health complaints, stress and distress: exploring the central role of negative affectivity. Psychol Rev 1989;96:234-254.
46. 45. Clark DM. A cognitive approach to panic. Behav Res Ther 1986;24:461-470.
47. 46. McNally RJ. Psychological approaches to panic disorder: a review. Psychol Bull 1990;3:403-419.
48. 47. Cioffi D. Beyond attentional strategies: a cognitive-perceptual model of somatic interpretation 1990;109:25-41.