Sudden insight: All-or-none processing revealed by speed-accuracy decomposition

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning Memory and Cognition

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 1443-1462

  Smith, Roderick W ^a,c   Kounios, John ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^c INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COGNITION; COMPARATIVE STUDY; HUMAN; LANGUAGE; LINGUISTICS; REACTION TIME;

COGNITION; HUMANS; LANGUAGE; REACTION TIME; VOCABULARY;

EID: 0030293211     PISSN: 02787393     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0278-7393.22.6.1443     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Anderson, J. R. (1983). The architecture of cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
2. Beilin, H., & Horn, R. (1962). Transition probability effects in anagram problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63, 514-518.
3. Bowers, K. S., Regehr, G., Balthazard, C, & Parker, K. (1990). Intuition in the context of discovery. Cognitive Psychology, 22, 72-110.
4. DeJong, R. (1991). Partial information or facilitation? Different interpretations of results from-speed-accuracy decomposition. Perception & Psychophysics, 50, 333-350.
5. Dewing, K., & Hetherington, P. (1974). Anagram solving as a function of word imagery. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 764-767.
6. Duncker, K. (1945). On problem-solving. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
7. Durkin, H. E. (1937). Trial-and-error, gradual analysis, and sudden reorganization: An experimental study of problem solving. Archives of Psychology, 210, 2-85.
8. Frick, R. W. (1995). Accepting the null hypothesis. Memory & Cognition, 23, 132-138.
9. Gick, M. L., & Holyoak, K. J. (1980). Analogical problem solving. Cognitive Psychology, 12, 306-355.
10. Hunter, I. M. L. (1959). The solving of five-letter anagram problems. British Journal of Psychology, 50, 193-206.
11. Irwin, D. E., & Meyer, D. E. (1995). Sophisticated guessing vs. pure guessing in speed-accuracy decomposition: Comment on De Jong (1991). Unpublished manuscript.
12. Jameson, K. A., Narens, L., Goldfarb, K., & Nelson, T. O. (1990). The influence of near-threshold priming on metamemory and recall. Acta Psychologica, 73, 55-68.
13. Köhler, W. (1947). Gestalt psychology: An introduction to new concepts in modern psychology. New York: Liveright.
14. Kounios, J., Montgomery, E. C., & Smith, R. W. (1994). Semantic memory and the granularity of semantic relations: Evidence from speed-accuracy decomposition. Memory & Cognition, 22, 729-740.
15. Kounios, J., Osman, A. M., & Meyer, D. E. (1987). Structure and process in semantic memory. New evidence based on speed-accuracy decomposition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 116, 3-25.
16. Kučera, H., & Francis, W. (1967). Computational analysis of presentday American English. Providence, RI: Brown University Press.
17. Mayzner, M. S., & Tresselt, M. E. (1958). Anagram solution times: A function of letter order and word frequency. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 56, 376-379.
18. Mayzner, M. S., & Tresselt, M. E. (1959). Anagram solution times: A function of transition probabilities. The Journal of Psychology, 47, 117-125.
19. McClelland, J. L. (1979). On the time relations of mental processes: An examination of systems of processes in cascade. Psychological Review, 86, 287-330.
20. Mendelsohn, G. A., & O'Brien, A. T. (1974). The solution of anagrams: A reexamination of the effects of transition letter probabilities, letter moves, and word frequency on anagram difficulty. Memory & Cognition, 2, 566-574.
21. Metcalfe, J. (1986a). Feeling of knowing in memory and problem solving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 288-294.
22. Metcalfe, J. (1986b). Premonitions of insight predict impending error. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 12, 623-634.
23. Metcalfe, J., & Wiebe, D. (1987). Intuition in insight and noninsight problem solving. Memory A Cognition, 15, 238-246.
24. Meyer, D. E., Irwin, D. E., Osman, A. M., & Kounios, J. (1988). The dynamics of cognition and action: Mental processes inferred from speed-accuracy decomposition. Psychological Review, 95, 183-237.
25. Miller, J. (1988). Discrete and continuous models of human information processing: Theoretical distinctions and empirical results. Acta Psychologica, 67, 191-257.
26. Miner, A. C, & Reder, L. M. (1994). A new look at feeling of knowing: Its metacognitive role in regulating question answering. In J. Metcalfe & A. P. Shimamura (Eds.), Metacognition (pp. 47-70). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
27. Newell, A. (1990a). Metaphors for mind, theories of mind: Should the humanities mind? In J. Sheehan & M. Sosna (Eds.), Boundaries of humanity: Humans, animals, and machines (pp. 158-197). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
28. Newell, A. (1990b). Unified theories of cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
29. Oilman, R. T., & Billington, M. J. (1972). The deadline model for simple reaction times. Cognitive Psychology, 3, 311-336.
30. Pachella, R. G. (1974). The interpretation of RT in information processing research. In B. Kantowitz (Ed.), Human information processing: Tutorials in performance and cognition (pp. 41-82). New York: Halstead Press.
31. Ratcliff, R. (1979). Group RT distributions and an analysis of distribution statistics. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 446-461.
32. Ratcliff, R. (1988). Continuous versus discrete information processing: Modeling accumulation of partial information. Psychological Review, 95, 238-255.
33. Richardson, J. T. E., & Johnson, P. B. (1980). Models of anagram solution. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 16, 247-250.
34. Rumelhart, D. E., Smolensky, P., McClelland, J. L., & Hinton, G. E. (1986). Schemata and sequential thought processes in PDP models. In D. E. Rumelhart & J. L. McClelland (Eds.), Parallel distributed processing: Explorations in the microstructure of cognition, Volume 2: Psychological and biological models (pp. 7-57). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
35. Schneider, W. (1990). Micro Experimental Laboratory [Computer program]. Pittsburgh, PA: Psychology Software Tools.
36. Schooler, J. W., Ohlsson, S., & Brooks, K. (1993). Thoughts beyond words: When language overshadows insight. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122, 166-183.
37. Schwartz, B. L., & Metcalfe, J. (1992). Cue familiarity but not target retrievability enhances feeling-of-knowing judgments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 18, 1074-1083.
38. Smith, J. E. K. (1974). Some simplified indices of sensitivity and bias (Tech. Rep. No. MMPP 74-5). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Mathematical Psychology Program.
39. Smith, R. W., Kounios, J., & Osterhout, L. (1996). The robustness and applicability of speed-accuray decomposition, a technique for investigating the time-course of information processing. Manuscript submitted for publication.
40. Sternberg, S. (1969). The discovery of processing stages: Extensions of Donders' method. Acta Psychologica, 30, 276-315.
41. Thomas, E. A. C., & Ross, B. H. (1980). On appropriate procedures for combining probability distributions within the same family. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 21, 136-152.
42. Underwood, B. J., & Schulz, R. W. (1960). Meaningfulness and verbal learning. Chicago: Lippincott.
43. White, H. (1988). Semantic priming of anagram solutions. American Journal of Psychology, 101, 383-399.
44. Wichmann, B., & Hill, D. (1987). Building a random-number generator: A Pascal routine for very-long-cycle random-number sequences. Byte, 12, 127-128.
45. Wickelgren, W. A. (1977). Speed-accuracy tradeoff and information processing dynamics. Acta Psychologica, 41, 67-85.
46. Wilson, M. (1987). MRC psycholinguistic database: Machine usable dictionary, Version 2.00 [Machine-readable data file]. Chilton, England: Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Informatics Division (Producer). Oxford, England: Oxford Text Archive, Oxford University Computing Service, ARCHIVE@UK.AC.OX.VAX3, (Distributor).