Listening to music with earphones: An assessment of noise exposure

Acustica

Volumn 82, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 885-894

  Airo, Erkko ^a   Pekkarinen, Jussi ^a   Olkinuora, Pekka ^a  

^a FINNISH INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH   (Finland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC VARIABLES MEASUREMENT; AUDITION; EARPHONES; OCCUPATIONAL RISKS; SUBJECTIVE TESTING;

ACOUSTIC COUPLER; HEARING LOSS RISK; LISTENING LEVEL; MUSIC; NOISE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; NOISE LEVEL; PERSONAL CASSETTE PLAYERS;

ACOUSTIC NOISE;

EID: 0030290024     PISSN: 00017884     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Bradley, R., Fortnum, H., and Coles, R. (1987). Patterns of exposure of schoolchildren to amplified music. Br. J. Audiol. 21(2), 119-125. Research note.
2. Catalano, P. J. and Levin, S. M. (1985). Noise-induced hearing loss and portable radios with headphones. Int. J. Ped. Otorhinolaryng. 9, 59-67.
3. Chiusano, S. V., Lees, P. S. J., and Breysse, P. N. (1995). An occupational noise exposure assessment for headset-wearing communications workers. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 10(5), 476-481.
4. Clark, W. W. (1992). Hearing: The effects of noise. Otolaryng. - Head and Neck Surgery 106(6), 669-676.
5. DIN 45683 (1992). Bestimmung der Geräuschimmission durch ohrnahe Schallquellen; Teil 2: Geräuschimmission speziell durch halboffene und geschlossene Kopfhörer außer Einsteckhörer. Deutsches Institut für Normung, Berlin. Entwurf.
6. European Union Council directive 86/188/EEC (1986). On the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to noise at work. Official J. Europ. Communities L137, 28-34.
7. Fearn, R. W. and Hanson, D. R. (1984). Hearing damage in young people using headphones to listen to pop music. J. Sound and Vibr. 96(1), 147-149. (letters to the editors).
8. Hellström, P.-A. (1991). The effects on hearing from portable cassette players: a follow-up study. J. Sound and Vibr. 151(3), 461-469.
9. Hellström, P.-A. and Axelsson, A. (1988). Sound levels, hearing habits and hazards of using portable cassette players. J. Sound and Vibr. 127(3), 521-528.
10. Hellström, P.-A. and Axelsson, A. (1993). Miniature microphone probe tube measurements in the external auditory canal. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 93(2), 907-919.
11. ISO 1999 (1990). International standard: Acoustics-Determination of occupational noise exposure and estimation of noise-induced hearing impairment. ISO, Genève. 2nd edition.
12. Katz, A. E., Gerstman, H. L., Sanderson, R. G., and Buchanan, R. (1982). Stereo earphones and hearing loss. New Eng. J. Med. 307, 1460-1461. (letters to the editors).
13. Lee, P., Sender, C., Gantz, B., and Otto, S. (1985). Transient sensorineural hearing loss after overuse of portable headphone cassette radios. Otolaryng. - Head And Neck Surgery 93(5), 622-625.
14. Liu, C.-C., Pekkarinen, J., and Starck, J. (1989). Application of the probe microphone method to measure attenuation of hearing protectors against high impulse sound levels. Appl. Acoustics 27, 13-25.
15. Mehrgardt, S. and Mellert, V. (1977). Transformation characteristics of the external human ear. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 61(6), 1567-1576.
16. Mon, T. (1985). Effects of record music on hearing loss among young workers in a shipyard. Int. Arch. Occup. and Env. Health 56, 91-97.
17. MRC Institute of hearing research (1986). Damage to hearing arising from leisure noise. Br. J. Audiol. 20(2), 157-164.
18. Rice, C. G., Breslin, M., and Roper, R. G. (1987a). Sound levels from personal cassette players. Br. J. Audiol. 21(4), 273-278.
19. Rice, C. G., Rossi, G., and Olina, M. (1987b). Damage risk from personal cassette players. Br. J. Audiol. 21(4), 279-288.
20. Royster, L. H. (1985). Should the walkman take a walk? Sound and Vibr. 19(5), 5.
21. Shaw, E. A. G. (1974a). The external ear. Keidel, W. D. and Neff, W. D., editors, Handbook of Sensory Physiology, volume V/1., Springer, Berlin, 455-490.
22. Shaw, E. A. G. (1974b). Transformation of sound pressure level from the free-field to the eardrum in the horizontal plane. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56(6), 1848-1861.
23. Skrainar, S. F., Royster, L. H., Berger, E. H., and Pearson, R. G. (1987). The contribution of personal radios to the noise exposure of employees at one industrial facility. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 48(4), 390-395.
24. Tonndorf, J. (1988). The external ear. Jahn, A. F. and Santos-Sacchi, J., editors, Physiology of the Ear, Raven Press, New York, 29-39.
25. Turunen-Rise, I., Flottorp, G., and Tvete, O. (1991). Personal cassette players ('Walkman'). Do they cause noise-induced hearing loss? Scand. Audiol. 20, 239-244.
26. Wong, T. W., van Hasselt, C. A., Tang, L. S., and Yiu, P. C. (1990). The use of personal cassette players among youths and its effects on hearing. Public Health 104, 327-330.