Arcjet modeling: Status and prospects

Journal of Propulsion and Power

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 1035-1043

  Martinez Sanchez, Manuel ^a,c   Miller, Scott A ^b,c  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b AEROSPACE CORPORATION   (United States)

^c M4 969 ^*

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANODES; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTRIC ARCS; ELECTRONS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MOLECULES; NOZZLES; SPACECRAFT PROPULSION; THERMAL EFFECTS;

ANODIC ATTACHMENT; ARC ROOT CONSTRICTION; ARCJET MODELLING; ARCJET THRUSTER; ELECTRON MOLECULE INTERACTIONS; ENERGY BALANCE; SPECIES SEGREGATION; SPECIFIC IMPULSE; THERMOMECHANICAL EFFECTS; VOLTAGE PREDICTION;

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT;

EID: 0030289593     PISSN: 07484658     EISSN: 15333876     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2514/3.24141     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Todd, J. P., and Sheets, R. E., "Development of a Regeneratively Cooled 30 KW Arcjet Engine," AIAA Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1965, pp. 122-126.
2. Berns, D., Sankovic, J., and Sarmiento, C., "Investigation of a Subsonic-Arc-Attachment Thruster Using Segmented Anodes," AIAA Paper 93-1899, June 1993.
3. Glocker, B., Auweter-Kurtz, M., Goez, T. M., Kurtz, H. L., and Schrade, H. O., "Medium Power Arcjet Thruster Experiments," AIAA Paper 90-2531, July 1990.
4. Miller, S. A., and Martinez-Sanchez, M., "Multifluid, Non-Equilibrium Simulation of Arcjet Thrusters," AIAA Paper 93-2101, June 1993.
5. Miller, S. A., and Martinez-Sanchez, M., "Nonequilibrium Numerical Simulation of Radiation-Cooled Arcjet Thrusters," Proceedings of the 23rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Seattle, WA), 1993 (Paper 93-219).
6. Guile, A. E., "Arc Electrode Phenomena," IEEE Reviews, Vol. 118, No. 9R, London, 1971, pp. 1131-1154; also "Basic Erosion Processes of Oxidized and Clean Metal Cathodes by Electrical Arcs," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. PS-8, No. 3, 1980, pp. 259-268.
7. Guile, A. E., "Arc Electrode Phenomena," IEEE Reviews, Vol. 118, No. 9R, London, 1971, pp. 1131-1154; also "Basic Erosion Processes of Oxidized and Clean Metal Cathodes by Electrical Arcs," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. PS-8, No. 3, 1980, pp. 259-268.
8. Miller, S. A., "Multifluid Nonequilibrium Simulations of Arcjet Thrusters," Ph.D. Dissertation, Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Feb. 1994.
9. Pfender, E., "Electric Arcs and Arc Gas Heaters," Gaseous Electronics, edited by M. N. Hirsch and H. J. Oskam, Vol. 1, Academic, London, 1978.
10. Jack, J. R., "Theoretical Performance of Propellants Suitable for Electrothermal Jet Engines," ARS Journal, Vol. 31, 1961, p. 1685.
11. John, R. R., Bennett, S., Cass, L. A., Chen, M. M., and Connors, J. F., "Energy Addition and Loss Mechanisms in the Thermal Arcjet Engine," AIAA Paper 63-022, March 1963.
12. Weber, H. E., "Growth of an Arc Column in Flow and Pressure Fields," AGARDoGraph 84, Sept. 1964, pp. 845-887.
13. Topham, D. R., "The Electric Arc in a Constant Pressure Axial Gas Flow," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 4, No. 7, 1971, pp. 1114-1125; also "Characteristics of Axial Flow Electric Arcs Subject to Pressure Gradients," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1972, pp. 533-541.
14. Topham, D. R., "The Electric Arc in a Constant Pressure Axial Gas Flow," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 4, No. 7, 1971, pp. 1114-1125; also "Characteristics of Axial Flow Electric Arcs Subject to Pressure Gradients," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1972, pp. 533-541.
15. Glocker, B., Schrade, H. O., and Sleziona, C., "Numerical Prediction of Arcjet Performance," AIAA Paper 90-2612, July 1990.
16. Glocker, B., Schrade, H. O., and Auweter-Kurtz, M., "Performance Calculation of Arcjet Thrusters - The Three Channel Model," Proceedings of the 23rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Seattle, WA), 1993 (Paper 93-187).
17. 2 Arcjet by Means of Dual Channel Model," Proceedings of the 20th International Electric Propulsion Conference (Garmish-Partenkirchen, Germany), 1988 (Paper 88-104).
18. Martinez-Sanchez, M., and Sakamoto, A., "Simplified Analysis of Arcjet Thrusters," AIAA Paper 93-1904, June 1993.
19. Tahara, H., Uda, N., Onoe, K., Tsubakishita, Y., and Yoshikawa, T., "Optical Measurement and Numerical Analysis of Medium-Power Arcjet Nonequilibrium Flowfields," Proceedings of the 23rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Seattle, WA), 1993 (Paper 93-133).
20. Tahara, H., Komiko, K., Zhang, L., and Onoe, K., "Plasma Features in a Medium Power Arcjet," Proceedings of the 24th Electric Propulsion Conference (Moscow), 1995 (Paper 95-16).
21. Watson, V. R., and Pegot, E. B., "Numerical Calculations for the Characteristics of a Gas Flowing Axially Through a Constricted Arc," NASA TN D-4042, June 1967.
22. Andrennucci, M., Scortecci, F., Capecci, G., and Wünsch, T., "Development of a Computer Programme for the Analysis of Arcjet Nozzles," Proceedings of the 22nd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Viareggio, Italy), 1991 (Paper 91-113).
23. Nishida, M., Kaita, K., and Tanaka, K., "Numerical Studies of the Flow Field in a DC Arcjet Thruster," Proceedings of the 20th International Electric Propulsion Conference (Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany), 1988 (Paper 88-105).
24. Tanaka, K., Tsuchiya, K., Kaita, K., and Nishida, M., "Computational Investigation on the Characteristics of a Low Power DC Arcjet Thruster," Proceedings of the 23rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Garmisch Parten Kirchen, Germany), 1988 (Paper 88-106).
25. Okamoto, H., and Nishida, M., "Numerical Simulation of the Performance of a Radiation-Cooled 1KW DC Arcjet Thruster," Proceedings of the 23rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Seattle, WA), 1993 (Paper 93-181).
26. Fujita, K., and Arakawa, Y., "Anode Heat Loss and Current Distributions in DC Arcjets," Proceedings of the 23rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Seattle, WA), 1993 (Paper 93-185).
27. Butler, G. W., Kashiwa, B. A., and King, D. Q., "Numerical Modeling of Arcjet Performance," AIAA Paper 90-1472, June 1990.
28. Butler, G. W., and King, D. Q., "Single and Two-Fluid Simulations of Arcjet Performance," AIAA Paper 92-3104, 1992.
29. Butler, G. W., Kull, A. E., and King, D. Q., "Single-Fluid Simulations of Low Power Hydrogen Arcjets," AIAA Paper 94-2870, June 1994.
30. Rhodes, R., and Keefer, D., "Numerical Modeling of an Arcjet Thruster," AIAA Paper 90-2614, July 1990.
31. Rhodes, R., and Keefer, D., "Comparison of Model Calculations with Experimental Data from Hydrogen Arcjets," Proceedings of the 22nd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Viareggio, Italy), 1991 (Paper 91-111).
32. Rhodes, R., and Keefer, D., "Non-Equilibrium Modeling of Hydrogen Arcjet Thrusters," Proceedings of the 23rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Seattle, WA), 1993 (Paper 93-217).
33. Capelli, M. A., Liebeskind, J. G., Hanson, R. K., Butler, G. W., and King, D. Q., "A Direct Comparison of Hydrogen Arcjet Thruster Properties to Model Predictions," Proceedings of the 23rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Seattle, WA), 1993 (Paper 93-220).
34. Andrennucci, M., D'Agostino, L., and Ciucci, A., "Development of a Numerical Model of the Nozzle Flow in Low Power Arcjet Thrusters," Proceedings of the 23rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Seattle, WA), 1993 (Paper 93-182).
35. Capechi, G., and D'Agostino, L., "Numerical Model of Equilibrium Composition and Transport Coefficients of Hydrazine Under Dissociation and lonization," AIAA Paper 94-2868, June 1994.
36. Miller, S. A., and Martinez-Sanchez, M., "Two-Fluid Non-Equilibrium Simulation of Hydrogen Arcjet Thrusters," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1996, pp. 112-119.
37. Fujita, K., and Arakawa, Y., "Numerical Study of Non-Equilibrium Arcjet Constrictors Phenomena," 19th International Symposium on Space Technology and Science, Paper 94-a-52, Yokohama, Japan, 1994.
38. Fujita, K., and Arakawa, Y., "Numerical Prediction of Arcjet Performance Based on the Chemical Kinetics and Electron Temperature Disparity," Proceedings of the 24th International Electric Propulsion Conference (Moscow), 1995 (Paper 95-25).
39. 2 Bipropellant Arcjets," AIAA Paper 94-2413, June 1994.
40. 2 Arcjets," AIAA Paper 95-1961, June 1995.
41. Glocker, B., and Auweter-Kurtz, M., "Numerical and Experimental Constrictor Flow Analysis of a 1.0 kW Thermal Arcjet." AIAA Paper 92-3835, July 1992.
42. Glocker, B., Roesgen, T., and Laxander, A., "Medium Power Arcjet Analysis and Experiments," Proceedings of the 22nd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Viareggio, Italy), 1991 (Paper 91-016).
43. Sutton, G. W., and Sherman, A., Engineering Magnetohydrodynamics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1965, p. 148, Fig. 5.6.
44. 2," Physical Review A: General Physics, Vol. 2, No. 5, 1970, pp. 1989-2000.
45. Maecker, H. H., "Principles of Arc Motion and Displacement," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1979, pp. 439-449.
46. Yamada, T., Toki, K., and Kuriki, K., "Behavior of Arc Column in Arcjet Constrictor," Proceedings of the 23rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Seattle, WA), 1993.
47. Harris, W. J., O'Hair, E. A., Hatfield, L. L., Kristiansen, M., and Mankins, J. S., "Anode Motion in High Power Arcjets," AIAA Paper 92-3838, July 1992.
48. Curran, F. M., and Sarmiento, C. J., "Low Power Arcjet Performance Characterization," AIAA Paper 90-2578, July 1990.
49. Zube, D. M., and Myers, R. M., "Thermal Nonequilibrium in a Low Power Arcjet Nozzle," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1993, pp. 545-552.
50. Zube, D. M., and Auweter-Kurtz, M., "Spectroscopic Arcjet Diagnostic Under Thermal Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Conditions," AIAA Paper 93-1792, June 1993.
51. Park, C., "Hydrogen Line Ratios as Electron Temperature Indicators in Non-Equilibrium Plasma," Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radioactive Transfer, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1972, pp. 323-370.
52. Hoskins, W. A., King, D. Q., and Butler, G. W., "Measurement of Population and Temperature Profiles in an Arcjet Plume," AIAA Paper 92-3240, July 1992.
53. Fasoulas, S., Auweter-Kurtz, M., Habiger, H. A., Laure, S. H., and Sleziona, P. C., "Investigation of a Nitrogen Flow Within a Plasma Wind Tunnel," AIAA Paper 93-2817, July 1993.
54. Capitelli, M. (ed.), Nonequilibrium Vibrational Kinetics, Springer - Verlag, Berlin, 1986.
55. Babu, V., and Subramaniam, V., "2-D Axisymmetric Flow in Arcjets with Strong Vibrational Non-Equilibrium," Proceedings of the 23rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (Seattle, WA), 1993 (Paper 93-129).
56. Gonzales, D. A., and Varghese, P. L., "Master Equation Calculations of Vibrational Non-Equilibrium and Dissociation Kinetics," International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Symposium, Marseille, France, Sept. 1992.
57. Massey, H., and Craggs, J. D., Handbuch der Physik, 37/1, 1959, pp. 314-415.
58. Mitchner, M., and Kruger, C. H., Jr., Partially Ionized Gases, Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1973, p. 107.
59. Butler, G. W., and Cassady, R. J., "Directions for Arcjet Technology Development," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 12, No. 6, 1996, pp. 1026-1034.
60. Auweter-Kurtz, M., Glocker, B., Kurtz, H. L., Loessener, O., Schrade, H. O., Turbanos, N., Wegmann, T., and Wilier, D., "Cathode Phenomena in Plasma Thrusters," Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 9, No. 56, 1993, pp. 882-888.