Can liquids be macroscopically polar?

Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

Volumn 8, Issue 47, 1996, Pages 9143-9166

  Lagerwall, S T ^a  

^a CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL SYMMETRY; CRYSTALS; ELECTRIC FIELDS; FERROELECTRICITY; MOLECULES; NONLINEAR OPTICS; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; PIEZOELECTRICITY; PYROELECTRICITY; SOLIDS;

ANTIFERROELECTRICITY; POLAR MATERIALS;

LIQUIDS;

EID: 0030288049     PISSN: 09538984     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/8/47/005     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Liquid crystals are, very generally, intermediate (mesomorphic) between liquids and crystals. However, the almost boundless variety of organic molecules synthesized in recent decades makes it increasingly difficult to draw a demarcation boundary between these states. An attempt to formulate the necessary (but not sufficient) condition for the liquid-crystalline state may therefore be the assertion that a director n can be defined as (a) a direction of a symmetry axis of the medium, which (b) obeys the invariance condition (1).
2. Quartz is piezoelectric but cannot be pyroelectric for reasons of symmetry, in spite of many confusing adverse statements, e.g. in Ladd M F C 1989 Symmetry in Molecules and Crystals (London: Ellis Horwood) p 90 cf. also the article 'Pyroelectricity' in the latest edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica, or the article 'Pyroelectricity' in Thewlis J (ed) 1962 Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physics vol 5 (Oxford: Pergamon)
3. Quartz is piezoelectric but cannot be pyroelectric for reasons of symmetry, in spite of many confusing adverse statements, e.g. in Ladd M F C 1989 Symmetry in Molecules and Crystals (London: Ellis Horwood) p 90 cf. also the article 'Pyroelectricity' in the latest edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica, or the article 'Pyroelectricity' in Thewlis J (ed) 1962 Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Physics vol 5 (Oxford: Pergamon)
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