High-performance alphabet recognition

IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing

Volumn 4, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 430-445

  Loizou, P C ^a   Spanias, Andreas S ^a  

^a University of Arkansas   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHARACTER SETS; MARKOV PROCESSES; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PATTERN RECOGNITION SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE; SPEECH COMMUNICATION;

ALPHABET RECOGNITION; ALPHABET RECOGNIZER; ALPHABET VOCABULARY; HIDDEN MARKOV MODELS;

CHARACTER RECOGNITION;

EID: 0030286185     PISSN: 10636676     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/89.544528     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. L. Rabiner, "Applications of voice processing, to telecommunications," in Proc. IEEE, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 199-228, Feb. 1994.
2. P. Brown, "The acoustic-modeling problem in automatic speech recognition,"Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, Apr. 1987.
3. P. Chang and B. Juang, "Discriminative training of dynamic programming based speech recognizers," IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Processing, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 135-143, Apr. 1993.
4. E. Huang and F. Soong, "A probabilistic acoustic MAP based discriminative HMM training," in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, 1990, pp. 693-696.
5. K. Su and C. Lee, "Speech recognition using weighted HMM and subspace projection approaches," IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Processing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 69-79, Jan. 1994.
6. L. Lisker and S. Abramson, "A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: Acoustical measurements," Word, vol. 20, pp. 384-422, 1964.
7. V. Zue, "Acoustic characteristics of stop consonants: A controlled study,"Ph.D. thesis, Mass. Inst. of Technol., Cambridge, MA, May 1976.
8. G. Fant, Acoustic Theory of Speech Production. The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton, 1970.
9. R. Kent and C. Read, The Acoustic Analysis of Speech. San Diego, CA: Singular, 1992.
10. O. Fujimura, "Analysis of nasal consonants," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 1865-1875, Dec. 1962.
11. A. Spanias and F. Wu, "Speech coding and recognition: A review," IEICE Trans. Fundamentals, vol. E75-A, no. 2, pp. 132-148, Feb. 1992.
12. F. Itakura, "Minimum prediction residual applied to speech recognition," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-23, no. 1, pp. 67-72, Feb. 1975.
13. L. Rabiner, S. Levinson, A. Rosenberg, and J. Wilpon, "Speaker independent recognition of isolated words using clustering techniques," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-27, pp. 336-349, Aug. 1979.
14. L. Rabiner and J. Wilpon, "Isolated word recognition using a two-pass pattern recognition approach," in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, vol. 2, 1981, pp. 724-727.
15. G. Bradshaw, R. Cole, and L. Zi, "Comparison of learning techniques in speech recognition," in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing, 1982, pp. 554-557.
16. L. Lamel and V. Zue, "Performance improvement in a dynamic-programming based isolated word recognition system for the alpha-digit task," in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, 1982, pp. 558-561.
17. R. Cole, R. Stern, and M. Lasry, "Performing fine phonetic distinctions: Templates vs. features," in Invariance and Variability of Speech Processes, J. Perkell and D. Klatt, Eds. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1986, pp. 325-341.
18. R. Cole, A. Rudnicky, V. Zue, and R. Reddy, "Speech as patterns on paper," in Perception and Production of Fluent Speech, R. Cole, Ed. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1978.
19. L. Rabiner and J. Wilpon, "Some performance benchmarks for isolated word speech recognition systems," Comput. Speech Language, vol. 2, pp. 343-357, 1987.
20. S. Euler, B. Juang, C. Lee, and F. Soong, Statistical segmentation and word modeling techniques in isolated word recognition," in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, 1990, pp. 745-748.
21. R. Cole, M. Fanty, Y. Muthusamy, and M. Gopalakrishnan, "Speaker-independent recognition of spoken English letters," in Proc. Int. Joint Conf. Neural Networks, vol. 2, June 1990, pp. 45-51.
22. M. Fanty and R. Cole, "Spoken letter recognition," in Proc. Neural Inform. Processing Syst. Conf., Nov. 1990, pp. 220-226.
23. R. Cole, K. Roginski, and M. Fanty, "English alphabet recognition of telephone speech," in Proc. 2nd Euro. Conf. Speech Commun. Technol., 1991, pp. 24-26.
24. R. Cole, Y. Muthusamy, and M. Fanty, "The ISOLET spoken letter database," Tech. Rep. 90-004, Oregon Graduate Inst., 1990.
25. L. Lamel, R. Kassel, and S. Seneff, "Speech database development: Design and analysis of the acoustic phonetic corpus," in Proc. DARPA Speech Recognition Workshop, 1986, pp. 100-109.
26. B. Davis and P. Mermelstein, "Comparison of parametric representations for monosyllabic word recognition in continuously spoken sentences," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. ASSP-28, no. 4, pp. 357-366, Aug. 1980.
27. B. Juang and L. Rabiner, "The segmental k-means algorithm for estimating parameters of hidden Markov models," IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 1639-1641, 1990.
28. F. Jelinek, "Self-organized language modeling for speech recognition," in Readings in Speech Rcognition, A. Waibel and K. Lee, Eds. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1990, pp. 450-506.
29. P. Loizou and A. Spanias, "Context-dependent modeling in alphabet recognition," in Proc. Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., 1994, pp. 189-192.
30. Y. Chow et al., "The role of word-dependent coarticulatory effects in a phoneme-based speech recognition system," in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, 1986, pp. 1593-1596.
31. K. Lee, "Large vocabulary speaker-independent continuous speech recognition: The SPHINX system,"Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, Apr. 1988.
32. J. Markel and A. Gray, Linear Prediction of Speech. New York, Springer-Verlag, 1976.
33. K. Shikano, "Evaluation of LPC spectral matching measures for phonetic unit recognition," Tech. Rep. CMU-CS-86-108, Carnegie Mellon Univ., 1986.
34. J. Glass and V. Zue, "Detection and recognition of nasal consonants in American english," in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, 1986, pp. 2767-2770.
35. K. Kurowski and S. Blumstein, "Perceptual integration of the murmur and formant transitions for place of articulation in nasal consonants," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 76, pp. 383-390, 1984.
36. B. Repp, "Perception of the [m]-[n] distinction in CV syllables," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 79, pp. 1987-1999, 1986.
37. A. Malecot, "Acoustic cues for nasal consonants: An experimental study involving a tape-splicing technique," Language, vol. 32, pp. 274-284, 1956.
38. P. Loizou, M. Dorman, and A. Spanias, "Automatic recognition of syllable-final nasals preceded by /eh/," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 97, no. 3, pp. 1925-1928, Mar. 1995.
39. P. Loizou, "Robust speaker-independent recognition of a confusable vocabulary,"Ph.D. thesis, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ, 1995.
40. S. Kullback, Information Theory and Statistics. New York: Wiley, 1958.
41. A. Bhattacharyya, "On a measure of divergence between two statistical populations defined by their probability distributions," Bull. Calcutta Math. Soc., vol. 35, pp. 99-109, 1943.,
42. T. Kailath, "The divergence and Bhattacharyya distance measures in signal selection," IEEE Trans. Commun. Technol., vol. COM-15, no. 1, pp. 52-60, 1967.
43. T. Grettenberg, "Signal selection in communication and radar systems," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-9, pp. 265-275, Oct. 1963.
44. T. Marill and M. Green, "On the effectiveness of receptors in recognition systems," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-9, pp. 11-17, 1963.
45. J. Tou and R. Heydorn, "Some approaches to optimum feature extraction," Computer and Information Sciences-II, J. Tou, Ed. New York: Academic, 1967, pp. 57-89.
46. J. Tou and R. Gonzalez, Pattern Recognition Principles. New York: Addison-Wesley, 1974.
47. G. Lainiolis, "A class of upper bounds on probability of error for multihypothesis pattern recognition," IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. IT-15, pp. 730-731, 1969.
48. M. Fanty, R. Cole, and K. Roginsky, "English alphabet recognition with telephone speech," in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 4, J. Moody, S. Hanson, and R. Lippmann, Eds. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 1992.
49. R. Cole, M. Fanty, and K. Roginsky, "A telephone speech database of spelled and spoken names," in Proc. Int. Conf. Spoken Language Processing, 1992, pp. 891-893.
50. L. Deng, M. Lennig, and P. Mermelstein, "Modeling the microsegments of stop consonants in a hidden Markov model based recognizer," J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 87, no. 6, pp. 2738-2747, June 1990.
51. P. Loizou, A. Mekkoth, and A. Spanias, "Telephone alphabet recognition for name-retrieval applications," in Proc. Int. Conf. Signal Processing Applications Technol., vol. II, Oct. 1995, pp. 2014-2018.
52. P. Loizou and A. Spanias, "Improved speech recognition using the weighted average divergence measure," in Proc. Int. Conf. Digital Signal Processing, 1995, pp. 90-95.
53. S. Searle, Matrix Algebra Useful for Statistics. New York: Wiley, 1982.
54. K. Fukunaga, Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition. San Diego, CA: Academic, 1990.
55. A. Waibel and B. Yegnanarayana, "Comparative study of nonlinear time warping techniques in isolated word speech recognition systems," Tech. Rep. CMU-CS-81-125, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, 1981.
56. P. Woodland and D. Cole, "Optimising hidden Markov models using discriminative output distributions," in Proc. Int. Conf. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, 1991, pp. 545-548.
57. J. Dai, I. MacKenzie, and J. Tyler, "Stochastic modeling of temporal information in speech for Hidden Markov Models," IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Processing, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 102-104, Jan. 1994.