Angular anisotropy in secondary-electron production and emission from Cu(001) and the reciprocity theorem

Solid State Communications

Volumn 100, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 315-320

  Erbudak, M ^a   Hochstrasser, M ^a   Wetli, E ^a,b  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANISOTROPY; COPPER; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL SYMMETRY; ELECTRON BEAMS; ELECTRON EMISSION; LOW ENERGY ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; SURFACES;

ANGULAR ANISOTROPY; ANGULAR RESOLVED INELASTIC ELECTRON SCATTERING; COPPER SURFACE; EMITTED BEAM DIFFRACTION; RECIPROCITY THEOREM; SECONDARY ELECTRON EMISSION; SECONDARY ELECTRON PRODUCTION;

ELECTRON SCATTERING;

EID: 0030282246     PISSN: 00381098     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0038-1098(96)00423-1     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Schiff, L.I., Quantum Mechanics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968, p.135.
2. Farnsworth, H.E., Phys. Rev., 49, 1936, 598; Phys. Lett., 36A, 1971, 56.
3. Farnsworth, H.E., Phys. Rev., 49, 1936, 598; Phys. Lett., 36A, 1971, 56.
4. Woodruff, D.P. and Holland, B.W., Phys. Lett., 31A, 1970, 207.
5. Lagally, M.G., Ngoe, T.C. and Webb, M.W., Surf. Sci., 25, 1971, 444.
6. Feder, R., Phys. Lett., 78A, 1980, 103. For the transformation properties of P, see also, Müller, N., Erbudak, M. and Wolf, D., Solid State Commun., 39, 1981, 1247.
7. Feder, R., Phys. Lett., 78A, 1980, 103. For the transformation properties of P, see also, Müller, N., Erbudak, M. and Wolf, D., Solid State Commun., 39, 1981, 1247.
8. Bauer, P., Feder, R. and Müller, N., Solid State Commun., 36, 1980, 249; Bauer, P., Eckstein, W. and Müller, N., Z. Physik, B52, 1983, 185.
9. Bauer, P., Feder, R. and Müller, N., Solid State Commun., 36, 1980, 249; Bauer, P., Eckstein, W. and Müller, N., Z. Physik, B52, 1983, 185.
10. Pogany, A.P. and Turner, P.S., Acta Cryst., A24, 1968, 103.
11. Laponsky, A.B. and Whetten, N.R., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 3, 1958, 46; 4, 1958, 265; Phys. Rev. Lett., 3, 1959, 510; Phys. Rev., 120, 1960, 801.
12. Laponsky, A.B. and Whetten, N.R., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 3, 1958, 46; 4, 1958, 265; Phys. Rev. Lett., 3, 1959, 510; Phys. Rev., 120, 1960, 801.
13. Laponsky, A.B. and Whetten, N.R., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 3, 1958, 46; 4, 1958, 265; Phys. Rev. Lett., 3, 1959, 510; Phys. Rev., 120, 1960, 801.
14. Laponsky, A.B. and Whetten, N.R., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 3, 1958, 46; 4, 1958, 265; Phys. Rev. Lett., 3, 1959, 510; Phys. Rev., 120, 1960, 801.
15. Robins, J.L., Gerlach, R.L. and Rhodin, T.N., Appl. Phys. Lett., 8, 1966, 12.
16. Stern, R.M. and Taub, H., Phys. Rev. Lett., 20, 1968, 1340.
17. Chambers, S.A., Chen, H.W., Anderson, S.B. and Weaver, J.H., Phys. Rev., B34, 1986, 3055; Tjeng, L.T., Bartstra, R.W. and Sawatzky, G.A., Surf. Sci., 211/212, 1989, 187; Gao, Y. and Cao, J., Phys. Rev., B43, 1991, 9692; Idzerda, Y.U. and Prinz, G.A., Phys. Rev., B43, 1991, 11460; Stuck, A., Nowicki, M., Mroz, S. Naumovic, D. and Osterwalder, J., Surf. Sci., 306, 1994, 21; Valeri, S., di Bona, A. and Gazzadi, G.C., Surf. Sci, 311, 1994, 422.
18. Chambers, S.A., Chen, H.W., Anderson, S.B. and Weaver, J.H., Phys. Rev., B34, 1986, 3055; Tjeng, L.T., Bartstra, R.W. and Sawatzky, G.A., Surf. Sci., 211/212, 1989, 187; Gao, Y. and Cao, J., Phys. Rev., B43, 1991, 9692; Idzerda, Y.U. and Prinz, G.A., Phys. Rev., B43, 1991, 11460; Stuck, A., Nowicki, M., Mroz, S. Naumovic, D. and Osterwalder, J., Surf. Sci., 306, 1994, 21; Valeri, S., di Bona, A. and Gazzadi, G.C., Surf. Sci, 311, 1994, 422.
19. Chambers, S.A., Chen, H.W., Anderson, S.B. and Weaver, J.H., Phys. Rev., B34, 1986, 3055; Tjeng, L.T., Bartstra, R.W. and Sawatzky, G.A., Surf. Sci., 211/212, 1989, 187; Gao, Y. and Cao, J., Phys. Rev., B43, 1991, 9692; Idzerda, Y.U. and Prinz, G.A., Phys. Rev., B43, 1991, 11460; Stuck, A., Nowicki, M., Mroz, S. Naumovic, D. and Osterwalder, J., Surf. Sci., 306, 1994, 21; Valeri, S., di Bona, A. and Gazzadi, G.C., Surf. Sci, 311, 1994, 422.
20. Chambers, S.A., Chen, H.W., Anderson, S.B. and Weaver, J.H., Phys. Rev., B34, 1986, 3055; Tjeng, L.T., Bartstra, R.W. and Sawatzky, G.A., Surf. Sci., 211/212, 1989, 187; Gao, Y. and Cao, J., Phys. Rev., B43, 1991, 9692; Idzerda, Y.U. and Prinz, G.A., Phys. Rev., B43, 1991, 11460; Stuck, A., Nowicki, M., Mroz, S. Naumovic, D. and Osterwalder, J., Surf. Sci., 306, 1994, 21; Valeri, S., di Bona, A. and Gazzadi, G.C., Surf. Sci, 311, 1994, 422.
21. Chambers, S.A., Chen, H.W., Anderson, S.B. and Weaver, J.H., Phys. Rev., B34, 1986, 3055; Tjeng, L.T., Bartstra, R.W. and Sawatzky, G.A., Surf. Sci., 211/212, 1989, 187; Gao, Y. and Cao, J., Phys. Rev., B43, 1991, 9692; Idzerda, Y.U. and Prinz, G.A., Phys. Rev., B43, 1991, 11460; Stuck, A., Nowicki, M., Mroz, S. Naumovic, D. and Osterwalder, J., Surf. Sci., 306, 1994, 21; Valeri, S., di Bona, A. and Gazzadi, G.C., Surf. Sci, 311, 1994, 422.
22. Chambers, S.A., Chen, H.W., Anderson, S.B. and Weaver, J.H., Phys. Rev., B34, 1986, 3055; Tjeng, L.T., Bartstra, R.W. and Sawatzky, G.A., Surf. Sci., 211/212, 1989, 187; Gao, Y. and Cao, J., Phys. Rev., B43, 1991, 9692; Idzerda, Y.U. and Prinz, G.A., Phys. Rev., B43, 1991, 11460; Stuck, A., Nowicki, M., Mroz, S. Naumovic, D. and Osterwalder, J., Surf. Sci., 306, 1994, 21; Valeri, S., di Bona, A. and Gazzadi, G.C., Surf. Sci, 311, 1994, 422.
23. Saldin, D.K. and de Andres, P.L., Phys. Rev. Lett., 64, 1990, 1270; Harp, G.R., Saldin, D.K. and Tonner, B.P., Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, 1990, 1012; Thevuthasan, S., Herman, G.S., Kaduwela, A.P., Saiki, R.S., Kim, Y.J., Niemczura, W., Burger, M. and Fadley, C.S., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 469; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H. Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 3102; Thevuthasan, S., Ynzunza, R.X., Tober, E.D., Fadley, C.S., Kaduwela, A.P. and Van Hove, M.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 595; Terminello, L.J., Barton, J.J. and Lapiano-Smith, D.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 599; Wei, C.M., Tong, S.Y., Wedler, H., Mendez, M.A. and Heinz, K., Phys. Rev. Lett., 72, 1994, 2434; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 1850; Wu, H. and Lapeyre, G.J., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 14549.
24. Saldin, D.K. and de Andres, P.L., Phys. Rev. Lett., 64, 1990, 1270; Harp, G.R., Saldin, D.K. and Tonner, B.P., Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, 1990, 1012; Thevuthasan, S., Herman, G.S., Kaduwela, A.P., Saiki, R.S., Kim, Y.J., Niemczura, W., Burger, M. and Fadley, C.S., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 469; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H. Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 3102; Thevuthasan, S., Ynzunza, R.X., Tober, E.D., Fadley, C.S., Kaduwela, A.P. and Van Hove, M.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 595; Terminello, L.J., Barton, J.J. and Lapiano-Smith, D.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 599; Wei, C.M., Tong, S.Y., Wedler, H., Mendez, M.A. and Heinz, K., Phys. Rev. Lett., 72, 1994, 2434; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 1850; Wu, H. and Lapeyre, G.J., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 14549.
25. Saldin, D.K. and de Andres, P.L., Phys. Rev. Lett., 64, 1990, 1270; Harp, G.R., Saldin, D.K. and Tonner, B.P., Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, 1990, 1012; Thevuthasan, S., Herman, G.S., Kaduwela, A.P., Saiki, R.S., Kim, Y.J., Niemczura, W., Burger, M. and Fadley, C.S., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 469; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H. Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 3102; Thevuthasan, S., Ynzunza, R.X., Tober, E.D., Fadley, C.S., Kaduwela, A.P. and Van Hove, M.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 595; Terminello, L.J., Barton, J.J. and Lapiano-Smith, D.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 599; Wei, C.M., Tong, S.Y., Wedler, H., Mendez, M.A. and Heinz, K., Phys. Rev. Lett., 72, 1994, 2434; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 1850; Wu, H. and Lapeyre, G.J., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 14549.
26. Saldin, D.K. and de Andres, P.L., Phys. Rev. Lett., 64, 1990, 1270; Harp, G.R., Saldin, D.K. and Tonner, B.P., Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, 1990, 1012; Thevuthasan, S., Herman, G.S., Kaduwela, A.P., Saiki, R.S., Kim, Y.J., Niemczura, W., Burger, M. and Fadley, C.S., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 469; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H. Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 3102; Thevuthasan, S., Ynzunza, R.X., Tober, E.D., Fadley, C.S., Kaduwela, A.P. and Van Hove, M.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 595; Terminello, L.J., Barton, J.J. and Lapiano-Smith, D.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 599; Wei, C.M., Tong, S.Y., Wedler, H., Mendez, M.A. and Heinz, K., Phys. Rev. Lett., 72, 1994, 2434; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 1850; Wu, H. and Lapeyre, G.J., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 14549.
27. Saldin, D.K. and de Andres, P.L., Phys. Rev. Lett., 64, 1990, 1270; Harp, G.R., Saldin, D.K. and Tonner, B.P., Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, 1990, 1012; Thevuthasan, S., Herman, G.S., Kaduwela, A.P., Saiki, R.S., Kim, Y.J., Niemczura, W., Burger, M. and Fadley, C.S., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 469; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H. Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 3102; Thevuthasan, S., Ynzunza, R.X., Tober, E.D., Fadley, C.S., Kaduwela, A.P. and Van Hove, M.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 595; Terminello, L.J., Barton, J.J. and Lapiano-Smith, D.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 599; Wei, C.M., Tong, S.Y., Wedler, H., Mendez, M.A. and Heinz, K., Phys. Rev. Lett., 72, 1994, 2434; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 1850; Wu, H. and Lapeyre, G.J., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 14549.
28. Saldin, D.K. and de Andres, P.L., Phys. Rev. Lett., 64, 1990, 1270; Harp, G.R., Saldin, D.K. and Tonner, B.P., Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, 1990, 1012; Thevuthasan, S., Herman, G.S., Kaduwela, A.P., Saiki, R.S., Kim, Y.J., Niemczura, W., Burger, M. and Fadley, C.S., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 469; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H. Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 3102; Thevuthasan, S., Ynzunza, R.X., Tober, E.D., Fadley, C.S., Kaduwela, A.P. and Van Hove, M.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 595; Terminello, L.J., Barton, J.J. and Lapiano-Smith, D.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 599; Wei, C.M., Tong, S.Y., Wedler, H., Mendez, M.A. and Heinz, K., Phys. Rev. Lett., 72, 1994, 2434; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 1850; Wu, H. and Lapeyre, G.J., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 14549.
29. Saldin, D.K. and de Andres, P.L., Phys. Rev. Lett., 64, 1990, 1270; Harp, G.R., Saldin, D.K. and Tonner, B.P., Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, 1990, 1012; Thevuthasan, S., Herman, G.S., Kaduwela, A.P., Saiki, R.S., Kim, Y.J., Niemczura, W., Burger, M. and Fadley, C.S., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 469; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H. Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 3102; Thevuthasan, S., Ynzunza, R.X., Tober, E.D., Fadley, C.S., Kaduwela, A.P. and Van Hove, M.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 595; Terminello, L.J., Barton, J.J. and Lapiano-Smith, D.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 599; Wei, C.M., Tong, S.Y., Wedler, H., Mendez, M.A. and Heinz, K., Phys. Rev. Lett., 72, 1994, 2434; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 1850; Wu, H. and Lapeyre, G.J., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 14549.
30. Saldin, D.K. and de Andres, P.L., Phys. Rev. Lett., 64, 1990, 1270; Harp, G.R., Saldin, D.K. and Tonner, B.P., Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, 1990, 1012; Thevuthasan, S., Herman, G.S., Kaduwela, A.P., Saiki, R.S., Kim, Y.J., Niemczura, W., Burger, M. and Fadley, C.S., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 469; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H. Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 3102; Thevuthasan, S., Ynzunza, R.X., Tober, E.D., Fadley, C.S., Kaduwela, A.P. and Van Hove, M.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 595; Terminello, L.J., Barton, J.J. and Lapiano-Smith, D.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 599; Wei, C.M., Tong, S.Y., Wedler, H., Mendez, M.A. and Heinz, K., Phys. Rev. Lett., 72, 1994, 2434; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 1850; Wu, H. and Lapeyre, G.J., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 14549.
31. Saldin, D.K. and de Andres, P.L., Phys. Rev. Lett., 64, 1990, 1270; Harp, G.R., Saldin, D.K. and Tonner, B.P., Phys. Rev. Lett., 65, 1990, 1012; Thevuthasan, S., Herman, G.S., Kaduwela, A.P., Saiki, R.S., Kim, Y.J., Niemczura, W., Burger, M. and Fadley, C.S., Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 469; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H. Phys. Rev. Lett., 67, 1991, 3102; Thevuthasan, S., Ynzunza, R.X., Tober, E.D., Fadley, C.S., Kaduwela, A.P. and Van Hove, M.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 595; Terminello, L.J., Barton, J.J. and Lapiano-Smith, D.A., Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 1993, 599; Wei, C.M., Tong, S.Y., Wedler, H., Mendez, M.A. and Heinz, K., Phys. Rev. Lett., 72, 1994, 2434; Tong, S.Y., Li, H. and Huang, H., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 1850; Wu, H. and Lapeyre, G.J., Phys. Rev., B51, 1995, 14549.
32. Erbudak, M., Hochstrasser, M. and Wetli, E., Modern Phys. Lett., B8, 1994, 1759.
33. Ravano, G. and Erbudak, M., Solid State Commun., 44, 1982, 547.
34. Erbudak, M., Hochstrasser, M. and Wetli, E., Phys. Rev., B50, 1994, 12973.
35. Erbudak, M., Schulthess, T. and Wetli, E., Phys. Rev., B49, 1994; 6316; Valeri, S., di Bona, A. and Gazzadi, G.C., Phys. Rev., B50, 1994, 14617.
36. Erbudak, M., Schulthess, T. and Wetli, E., Phys. Rev., B49, 1994; 6316; Valeri, S., di Bona, A. and Gazzadi, G.C., Phys. Rev., B50, 1994, 14617.
37. Erbudak, M., Nissen, H.-U., Wetli, E., Hochstrasser, M. and Ritsch, S., Phys. Rev. Lett., 72, 1994, 3037.
38. Davoli, I., Gunnella, R. and De Crescenzi, M., J. Electron Spectrosc., 76, 1996, 493.