Effects of unreasonable pay discrepancies for under- and overpayment on double demotivation

Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs

Volumn 122, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 477-494

  Carr, Stuart C ^a   McLoughlin, David ^a   Hodgson, Matthew ^a   MacLachlan, Malcolm ^b  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; AUSTRALIA; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERVENTION STUDY; JOB SATISFACTION; MALE; MOTIVATION; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; REWARD;

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; AUSTRALIA; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; EMPLOYEE INCENTIVE PLANS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERVENTION STUDIES; JOB SATISFACTION; MALE; MOTIVATION; REWARD; SAMPLING STUDIES;

EID: 0030280154     PISSN: 87567547     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Aamodt, M. G. (1991). Applied industrial/organizational psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
2. Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 267-300.
3. Adams, J. S., & Rosenbaum, W. B. (1962). The relationship of worker productivity to cognitive dissonance about wage inequities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 46, 161-164.
4. Austin, W., & Walster, E. (1974). Reactions to confirmations and disconfirmations of expectations of equity and inequity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 30, 208-216.
5. Australian Bureau of Statistics (1992). Social indicators. Catalogue No. 4101-0. Canberra; Author.
6. Bem, D. J. (1967). Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena. Psychological Review. 74, 183-200.
7. Bem, D. J. (1972). Self-perception theory. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 6, 1-62.
8. Berman, J. J., Murphy-Berman, U., & Singh, P. (1985). Cross-cultural similarities and differences in perceptions of fairness. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 16, 55-67.
9. Bersheid, E., & Walster, E. (1967). When does a harmdoer compensate a victim? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6, 435-441.
10. Black, J. S., & Gregersen, H. B. (1990). Expectations, satisfaction, and intention to leave of American expatriate managers in Japan. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 14, 485-506.
11. Blunt, P., & Jones, M. L. (1992). Managing organisations in Africa. Berlin: De Gruyter.
12. Boucebci, M., & Bensmail, B. (1982). Psychopathological aspects of decompensations observed among volunteer workers abroad. Annales Medico Psychologiques, 140. 677-680.
13. Carr, S. C. (1995). Demystifying the Stanford Prison Study, British Psychological Society Social Psychology Section Newsletter, 33, 31-34.
14. Carr, S. C. (1996). Social psychology and the management of aid. In S. C. Carr & J. F. Schumaker (Eds.), Social psychology and the developing world (pp. 103-118). Westport, CT: Praeger.
15. Carr, S. C., & MacLachlan, M. (1993). Asserting psychology in Malawi. The Psychologist, 6, 408-413.
16. Carr, S. C., & MacLachlan, M. (1995, July). The psychology of demotivation: Lessons from developing countries. Paper presented at the Inaugural Australian Industrial and Organisational Psychology Conference, Sydney, Australia.
17. Carr, S. C., MacLachlan, M., & Campbell, D. (1995). Psychological research for development: Towards tertiary collaboration. In S. Aroni & T. Adams (Eds.). Proceedings Volume I - The Fourth International Symposium on the Role of Universities in Developing Areas (pp. 85-105). Melbourne, Australia: UNESCO/INRDUA/ID-TC/RMIT.
18. Carrell, M. R., & Dittrich, J. E. (1978). Equity theory: The recent literature, method considerations, and new directions. Academy of Management Review, 3, 202-210.
19. Chadwick, W. F. (1994, June 16-18). Necessary human resources practices in multinationals. Paper presented at the 3rd Annual World Business Congress, Penang, Malaysia.
20. Chamber of Commerce and Industry. (1994). Public Relations Information Services. Newcastle, Australia: NSW Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
21. Cohen, A. R. (1962). An experiment on small rewards for discrepant compliance and attitude change. In J. W. Brehm & A. R. Cohen (Eds.), Explorations in cognitive dissonance (pp. 73-78). New York: Wiley.
22. Conway, R. (1971). The great Australian stupor. Melbourne: Sun Books.
23. Coolican, H. (1990). Research methods and statistics in psychology. Sevenoaks, UK: Hodder & Stoughton.
24. Crano, W. D., & Sivacek, J. (1984). The influence of incentive-aroused ambivalence on over-justification effects in attitude change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 20, 137-158.
25. Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
26. Dawkins, J. (1993). Australia and the World Bank 1992-3. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service.
27. Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York: Plenum.
28. Fanon, F. (1985). The wretched of the earth. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.
29. Fanon, F. (1991). Black skin, White masks. Worcester, England: Pluto Press.
30. Fazio, R. H. (1987). Self-perception theory: A current perspective. In M. P. Zanna, J. M. Olson, & C. P. Herman (Eds.), Social influence: The Ontario Symposium (pp. 129-150). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
31. Feather, N. T. (1994). Attitudes toward high achievers and reactions to their fall: Theory and research concerning tall poppies. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 1-73.
32. Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 2, 117-140.
33. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
34. Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
35. Haley, A., & X., M. (1987). The autobiography of Malcolm X. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin.
36. Harpaz, I. (1989). Non-financial employment commitment: A cross-national comparison. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 62, 147-150.
37. Hui, C. H., Triandis, H. C., & Yee, C. (1991). Cultural differences in reward allocation: Is collectivism the explanation? British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 145-157.
38. Huseman, R. C., Hatfield, J. D., & Miles, E. W. (1987). A new perspective on equity theory: The Equity Sensitivity Construct. Academy of Management Review, 12, 222-234.
39. Jones, S., Carr, S. C., & Casimir, G. (1995). Work motivation down under: Labouring under an illusion? Journal of Psychology and the Behavioral Sciences, 9, 85-103.
40. Kappachi, R. M. (1990). Appropriate remuneration in developing countries: Three dimensional models for executives and workers. New Delhi: Sage.
41. Kealey, D. J. (1989). A study of cross-cultural effectiveness: Theoretical issues, practical applications. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 13, 387-428.
42. King, W. C., Miles, E. W., & Day, D. D. (1993). A test and refinement of the equity sensitivity construct. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 301-317.
43. Kipnis, D. (1972). Does power corrupt? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 33-41.
44. Lawler, E. E., Kopler, C. A., Young, T. F., & Fadem, J. A. (1968). Inequity reduction over time in an induced overpayment situation. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3, 253-268.
45. Lerner, M. J. (1970). The desire for justice and reaction to victims. In J. Macauley & L. Berkowitz (Eds.), Altruism and helping behavior. San Diego: Academic Press.
46. Levine, D. I. (1993). What do wages buy? Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 462-483.
47. Machika, N. (1992, November). Talking point: Equal pay for equal skin tone. Michiru Sun, pp. .
48. MacLachlan, M., & Carr, S. C. (1993). Demotivating the doctors: The Double Demotivation Hypothesis in Third World health services. Journal of Management in Medicine, 7, 6-10.
49. MacLachlan, M., Chipande, R., & Carr, S. C. (1995, July). Can international aid demotivate its recipients? Investigating the double demotivation hypothesis. Paper presented at the 4th European Congress of Psychology, Athens.
50. Manning, M. R., & Avolio, B. J. (1985). The impact of pay disclosure in a university environment. Research in Higher Education, 23, 135-149.
51. Marin, G. (1985). The preference for equity when judging the attractiveness and fairness of an allocator: The role of familiarity and culture. The Journal of Social Psychology, 125, 543-549.
52. Markus, H. R., & Kitayana, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
53. Morse, N. C., & Weiss, R. S. (1955). The function and meaning of work and the job. American Sociological Review, 20, 191-198.
54. Munene, J. C. (1995). "Not-on-seat": An investigation of some correlates of organisational citizenship behaviour in Nigeria. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 44, 111-122.
55. Patchen, M. (1959). Study of work and life satisfaction: Absences and attitudes towards work experience. Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Institute for Social Research.
56. Perry, L. S. (1993). Effects of inequity on job satisfaction and self-evaluation in a national sample of African-American workers. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 565-573.
57. Printz, R. A., & Waldman, D. A. (1985). The merit of merit pay. Personnel Administrator, 30, 84-90.
58. Ryan, W. (1971). Blaming the victim. New York: Vintage.
59. Schmitt, D. R., & Marwell, G. (1972). Withdrawal and reward allocation as responses to inequity. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 8, 207-221.
60. Segall, M. H., Dasen, P. R., Berry, J. W., & Poortinga, Y. H. (1991). Human behavior in global perspective. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
61. Solomon, R. L., & Corbit, J. D. (1974). An opponent-process theory of motivation: I. Temporal dynamics of affect. Psychological Review, 81, 119-145.
62. Southern African Economist. (1993). Persuading the doctors to stay. Southern African Economist, 6, 5.
63. Stepina, L. P., & Perrewe, P. L. (1987). The impact of inequity on task satisfaction, internal motivation, and perceptions of job characteristics. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 2, 117-125.
64. Stroh, L. K., Dennis, L. E., & Cramer, T. C. (1994). Predictors of expatriate adjustment. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 2, 176-192.
65. Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation between social groups: Studies in intergroup behaviour. London: Academic Press.
66. Valenzi, E. R., & Andrews, I. R. (1971). Effect of hourly overpay inequity when tested with a new induction procedure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 55, 22-27.
67. Warr, P. (1982). A national study of non-financial employment commitment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 55, 297-312.
68. Zimbardo, P. G. (1982). Pathology of imprisonment. In D. Krebs (Ed.), Readings in social psychology (pp. 249-251). New York: Harper & Row.