Estrogen replacement in menopause

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 81, Issue 11, 1996, Pages 3829-3838

  Lindsay, Robert ^a   Bush, Trudy L ^c   Grady, Deborah ^d   Speroff, Leon ^e   Lobo, Rogerio A ^b  

^a HELEN HAYES HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b New York Presbyterian Hospital Columbia University Medical Center   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^e OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN; PROGESTERONE DERIVATIVE;

BONE DENSITY; BONE REMODELING; BREAST CANCER; CANCER RISK; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DECISION MAKING; ENDOMETRIUM CANCER; ESTROGEN DEFICIENCY; ESTROGEN THERAPY; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; MENOPAUSE; MORTALITY; NOTE; OSTEOPOROSIS; OVARY INSUFFICIENCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; AGED; ARTICLE; BREAST TUMOR; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; POSTMENOPAUSE OSTEOPOROSIS; RISK FACTOR; UTERUS CANCER;

STAPHYLOCOCCUS PHAGE 187;

AGED; BONE DENSITY; BONE REMODELING; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CORONARY DISEASE; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MENOPAUSE; MIDDLE AGED; OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL; PROGESTERONE CONGENERS; RISK FACTORS; UTERINE NEOPLASMS;

EID: 0030279060     PISSN: 0021972X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/jc.81.11.3829     Document Type: Note

References (78)

1. Albright F, Smith PH, Richardson AM. 1941 Postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Am Med Assoc. 116:2465-2474.
2. Dempster DW, Lindsay R. 1993 Pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Lancet. 341:797-801.
3. Lindsay R. 1993 Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Lancet. 341:801-805.
4. Turner RT, Riggs BL, Spelsberg TC. 1994 Skeletal effects of estrogens. Endocr Rev. 15:275-300.
5. Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT, Kiel DP, Wilson PW, Anderson JJ. 1993 The effect of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on bone density in elderly women. N Engl J Med. 329:1141-1146.
6. Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, et al. 1995 Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of osteoporotic fractures research group. N Engl J Med. 332:767-773.
7. Lindsay R, Hart DM, Clark DM. 1984 The minimum effective dose of estrogen for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. Obstet Gynecol. 63:759-763.
8. Marcus R. 1995 Effects of hormone replacement therapies on bone mineral density (BMD) results from the postmenopausal estrogen and progestin interventions trial (PEPI). J Bone Miner Res.[Suppl. 1]10:S197.
9. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA. 1991 Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: a quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence. Prev Med. 20:47-63.
10. Barrett-Connor E, Bush TL. 1991 Estrogens and coronary heart disease in women. JAMA. 265:1861-1867.
11. Pick R, Stamler J Rodbard S, Katz LN. 1952 Estrogen-induced regression of coronary atherosclerosis in cholesterol fed chicks. Circulation. 6:276-280.
12. Wagner JD, Clarkson TB, Clair RW, et al. 1991 Estrogens and progesterone replacement therapy reduces low-density lipoprotein accumulation in the coronary arteries of surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys. J Clin Invest. 88:1995-2002.
13. Punnonen RH, Jokela HA, Dastidar PS, et al. 1995 Combined oestrogen-progestin replacement therapy prevents atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women. Maturitas. 21:179-187.
14. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. 1995 Effects of estrogen and estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women: the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) trial. JAMA. 273:199-208.
15. Westerveld HT, Kock LA, van Rijn HJM, et al. 1995 17β-estradiol improves postprandial lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 80:249-253.
16. Reis SE, Gloth ST, Blumenthal RS, et al. 1994 Ethinyl estradiol acutely attenuates abnormal coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine in postmenopausal women. Circulation. 89:52-60.
17. Sullivan JM, Zwaag RV, Hughes JP, et al. 1990 Estrogen replacement and coronary artery disease: effect on survival in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med. 150:2557-2562.
18. Kennedy DL, Baum C, Forbes MB. 1985 Noncontraceptive estrogens and progestins: use patterns over time. Obstet Gynecol. 65:441-446.
19. Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. 1995 Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women. JAMA. 273:199-208.
20. Grady D, Gebretsadik T, Kerlikowske K, Ernster V, Petitti D. 1995 Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 85:304-313.
21. Mack T, Pike M, Henderson B, et al. 1976 Estrogens and endometrial cancer in a retirement community N Engl J Med. 294:1262-1267.
22. Buring JE, Bain CJ, Ehrmann RL. 1986 Conjugated estrogen use and risk of endometrial cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 124:434-441.
23. Shapiro S, Kelly J, Rosenberg L, et al. 1985 Risk of localized and widespread endometrial cancer in relation to recent and discontinued use of conjugated estrogens. N Engl J Med. 313:969-972.
24. Ewertz M, Schou G, Boice Jr JD. 1988 The joint effect of risk factors on endometrial cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 24:189-194.
25. Rubin G, Peterson H, Lee N, Maes E, Wingo P, Becker S. 1990 Estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of endometrial cancer: Remaining controversies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 162:148-154.
26. Ettinger B, Golditch IM, Friedman G. 1988 Gynecologic consequences of long-term unopposed estrogen replacement therapy. Maturitas. 10:271-282.
27. Paganini-Hill A, Ross R, Henderson B. 1989 Endometrial cancer and patterns of use of oestrogen replacement therapy: a cohort study. Br J Cancer. 59:445-447.
28. Woodruff J, Pickar J. 1994 Incidence of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women taking conjugated estrogens (Premarin) with medorxyprogesterone acetate or conjugated estrogens alone. Am J Obstet Gyunecol. 170:1213-1223.
29. Archer D, Pickar J, Bottiglioni F. 1994 Bleeding patterns in postmenopausal women taking continuous combined or sequential regimens of conjugated estrogens with medroxyprogesterone acetate. Obstet Gynecol. 83: 686-692.
30. Ettinger B, Selby J, Citron J, Vangessel A, Ettinger V, Hendrickson M. 1994 Cyclic hormone replacement therapy using quarterly progestin. Obstet Gynecol. 83:693-700.
31. Williams D, Voigt B, Fu Y, Schoenfeld M, Judd H. 1994 Assessment of less than monthly progestin therapy in postmenopausal women given estrogen replacement. Obstet Gynecol. 84:787-793.
32. Grady D, Rubin S, Petitti D, et al. 1992 Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med. 117:1016-1037.
33. Armstrong B. 1988 Oestrogen therapy after the menopause - boon or bane? Med J Aust. 148:213-214.
34. Dupont W, Page D. 1991 Menopausal estrogen replacement therapy and breast cancer. Arch Intern Med. 151:67-72.
35. Steinberg K, Thacker S, Smith S, et al. 1991 A meta-analysis of the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on the risk of breast cancer. JAMA. 265:1985-1990.
36. Greenland S. 1987 Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature. Epidemiol Rev. 9:1-30.
37. Key T, Pike M. 1988 The role of oestrogens and progestogens in the epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 24:29-43.
38. Schaier C, Byrne C, Keyl P, Brinton L, Sturgeon S, Hoover R. 1994 Menopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer (United States). Cancer Causes and Control. 5:491-500.
39. Stanford J, Weiss N, Voigt L, Daling J, Habel L, Rossing M. 1995 Combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy in relation to risk of breast cancer in middle-aged women. JAMA. 274:137-142.
40. Persson I, Yuen J, Bergkvist L, Adami H, Hoover R, Schairer C. 1992 Combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement and breast cancer risk. Lancet. 340: 1044.
41. Colditz G, Hankinson S, Hunter D, et al. 1995 The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 332:1589-1593.
42. Hulka B, Chambless L, Deubner D, Wilkinson W. 1982 Breast cancer and estrogen replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 143:638-644.
43. Kaufman D, Miller D, Rosenberg L, et al. 1984 Noncontraceptive estrogen use and the risk of breast cancer. JAMA. 252:63-67.
44. Brinton L, Hoover R, Fraumeni J. 1986 Menopausal oestrogens and breast cancer risk: an expanded case-control study. Br J Cancer. 54:825-832.
45. Wingo P, Layde P, Lee N, Rubin G, Ory H. The risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women who have used estrogen replacement therapy. JAMA. 257:209-215.
46. Ewertz M. 1988 Influence of non-contraceptive exogenous and endogenous sex hormones on breast cancer risk in Denmark. Int J Cancer. 42:832-838.
47. Kaufman D, Palmer J, DeMouzon J, et al. 1991 Estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of breast cancer: results from the Case-Control Surveillance Study. Am J Epidemiol. 134:1375-1385.
48. Palmer J, Rosenberg L, Clarke E, Miller D, Shapiro S. 1991 Breast cancer risk after estrogen replacement therapy: results from the Toronto Breast Cancer Study. Am J Epidemiol. 134:1386-1395.
49. Bergkvist L, Adami H, Persson I, Hoover R, Schairer C. 1989 The risk of breast cancer after estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement. N Engl J Med. 321:293-297.
50. Mills P, Beeson W, Phillips R, Fraser G. 1989 Prospective study of exogenous hormone use and breast cancer in Seventh-day Adventists. Cancer. 64:591-597.
51. Colditz GA, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, et al. 1995 Use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. New Engl J Med. 332:1589-1593.
52. Stanford JL, Weiss NS, Voigt LF, Daling JR, Habel LA, Rossing MA. 1995 Combined estrogen, and progestin hormone replacement therapy in relation to risk of breast cancer in middle-aged women. JAMA.274:137-142.
53. Kaufman DW, Palmer JR, De Mouzon J, et al. 1991 Estrogen replacement therapy, and the risk of breast cancer: results from the case-control surveillance study, Am J Epidemiol. 134:1375-1385.
54. Palmer JR, Rosenberg L, Clarke EA, Miller DR, Shapiro S. 1991 Breast cancer risk after estrogen replacement therapy: results from the Toronto Breast Cancer Study. Am J Epidemiol. 134:1386-1395.
55. Schairer C, Byrne C, Keyl PM, Brinton LA, Sturgeon SR, Hoover RN. 1994 Menopausal estrogen, and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 5:491-500.
56. Yang CP, Daling JR, Band PR, Gallagher RP, White E, Weiss NS. 1992 Noncontraceptive hormone use, and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 3:475-479.
57. Risch HA, Howe GR. 1994 Menopausal hormone usage, and breast cancer in Saskatchewan: a record-linkage cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 139:670-683.
58. Newcomb PA, Longnecker MP, Storer BE, et al. 1995 Long-term hormone replacement therapy, and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol. 142:788-795.
59. Armstrong BK. 1988 Oestrogen therapy after the menopause - boon or bane? Med J Aust.148:213-214.
60. Dupont WD, Page DL. 1991 Menopausal estrogen replacement therapy and breast cancer. Arch Intern Med.151:67-72.
61. Steinberg KK, Thacker SB, Smith SJ, et al. A meta-analysis of the effect of estrogen replacement therapy on the risk of breast cancer. 1991 JAMA. 265:1985-1990.
62. Sillero-Arenas M, Delgado-Rodriguez M, Rodigues-Canteras R, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Galvez-Vargas R. 1992 Menopausal hormone replacement therapy, and breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 79:286-294.
63. Colditz GA, Egan KM, Stampfer MJ. 1993 Hormone replacement therapy, and risk of breast cancer: results from epidemiologic studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 168:1473-1480.
64. Grady D, Rubin SM, Petitti DB, et al. 1992 Hormone therapy to prevent disease, and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med. 117:1016-1037.
65. Petitti DB. 1994 Meta-analysis, decision analysis, and cost-effectiveness analysis: methods for quantitative synthesis in medicine. New York; Oxford University Press.
66. Bergkvist L, Adami H-O, Persson I, Hoover R, Schairer C. The risk of breast cancer after estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacment. 1989 New Engl J Med. 321:293-297.
67. Persson I, Yuen J, Bergkvist L, Adami H-O, Hoover R, Schairer C. 1992 Combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement and breast cancer risk. Lancet. 340:1044 (Letter to the Editor).
68. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics; Vital Statistics of the United States, 1980.
69. Spicer DV, Malcolm CP. 1944 Epidemiology of Breast Cancer. In: Lobo RA, ed. Treatment of the postmenopausal woman: basic and clinical aspects. New York; Raven Press; pp 315-324.
70. Cummings SR, Black DM, Rubin SM. 1989 Lifetime risks of hip, colles', or vertebral fracture and coronary heart disease among white postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med. 149:2445-2448.
71. Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT, Kiel DP, Wilson PWF, Anderson JJ. 1993 The effect of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on bone density in elderly women. N Engl J Med. 329:1141-1146.
72. Henderson BE, Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK. 1991 Decreased mortality in users of estrogen replacement therapy. Arch Intern Med. 151:75-78.
73. Paganini-Hill A, Henderson VW. 1994 Estrogen deficiency and risk of Alzheimer's disease in women. Am J Epidemiol. 140:256-261.
74. Falkeborn M, Persson I, Adami H-O, et al. 1992 The risk of acute myocardial infarction after oestrogen and oestrogen-progestogen replacement. Br J Obstet Gynecol. 99:821-828.
75. Colditz GA, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, et al. 1995 The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 332:1589-1593.
76. Stanford J, Weiss N, Voigt L, Daling J, Habel L, Rossing M. 1995 Combined estrogen and progestin hormone replacement therapy in relation to risk of breast cancer in middle-aged women. JAMA. 274:137-142.
77. Henderson BE, Ross RK, Paganini-Hill A, Mack TM. 1986 Estrogen use and cardiovascular disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 154:1181-1186.
78. Grady D, Rubin SM, Petitti DB, et al. 1992 Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med. 117: 1016-1037.