In Vivo and in Situ Measurements of Forage Protein Degradation in Beef Cattle

Journal of Animal Science

Volumn 74, Issue 11, 1996, Pages 2773-2784

  Vanzant, E S ^a,b   Cochran, R C ^a,b   Titgemeyer, E C ^a,b   Stafford, S D ^a,b,c   Olson, K C ^a,b   Johnson, D E ^a,b   St Jean, G ^a,b  

^a KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Dept of Anim Sciences and Industry ^*  (United States)

^c Koch Beef Co   (United States)

Author keywords

Beef Cattle; Forage; Protein Degradation

Indexed keywords

NITROGEN;

ALFALFA; ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; ARTICLE; CATTLE; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; FEMALE; METABOLISM; PROTEIN INTAKE; RANDOMIZATION; WHEAT;

ANIMAL FEED; ANIMALS; CATTLE; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DIETARY PROTEINS; FEMALE; MEDICAGO SATIVA; NITROGEN; RANDOM ALLOCATION; TRITICUM;

EID: 0030277655     PISSN: 00218812     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2527/1996.74112773x     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. AOAC. 1975. Official Methods of Analysis (12th Ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
2. ARC. 1984. The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock, Supplement No. 1. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, U.K.
3. Aufrere, J., D. Boulberhane, D. Graviou, and C. Demarquilly. 1994. Comparison of in situ degradation of cell-wall constituents, nitrogen and nitrogen linked to cell walls for fresh lucerne and 2 lucerne silages. Ann. Zootech. (Paris) 43:125.
4. Beever, D. E., M. S. Dhanoa, H. R. Losada, R. T. Evans, S. B. Cammell, and J. France. 1986. The effect of forage species and stage of harvest on the processes of digestion occurring in the rumen of cattle. Br. J. Nutr. 56:439.
5. Broderick, G. A. 1994. Quantifying forage protein quality. In: G. C. Fahey, Jr. (Ed.) Forage Quality, Evaluation, and Utilization. p 200. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
6. Broderick, G. A., and J. H. Kang. 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. J. Dairy Sci. 63:64.
7. Broderick, G. A., R. J. Wallace, and E. R. Ørskov. 1991. Control of rate and extent of protein degradation. In: T. Tsuda, Y. Sasaki, and R. Kawashima (Ed.) Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants. p 541. Academic Press, Orlando, FL.
8. Brown, W. F., and W. D. Pitman. 1991. Concentration and degradation of nitrogen and fibre fractions in selected tropical grasses and legumes. Trop. Grassl. 25:305.
9. Calsamiglia, S., I. K. Yoon, and M. D. Stern. 1994. Effect of various incubation times on in situ estimation of ruminal crude protein degradation. J. Anim. Sci. 72(Suppl. 1):171 (Abstr.).
10. DelCurto, T., R. C. Cochran, T. G. Nagaraja, L. R. Corah, A. A. Beharka, and E. S. Vanzant. 1990. Comparison of soybean meal/sorghum grain, alfalfa hay and dehydrated alfalfa pellets as supplemental protein sources for beef cattle consuming dormant, tallgrass-prairie forage. J. Anim. Sci. 68:2901.
11. Fellner, V., M. F. Weiss, A. T. Belo, R. L. Belyea, F. A. Martz, and A. H. Orma. 1988. Urine cup for collection of urine from cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2250.
12. Ganev, G., E. R. Ørskov, and R. Smart. 1979. The effect of roughage or concentrate feeding and rumen retention time on total degradation of protein in the rumen. J. Agric. Sci. 93:651.
13. Goering, H. K., C. H. Gordon, R. W. Hemken, D. R. Waldo, P. J. Van Soest, and L. W. Smith. 1972. Analytical estimates of nitrogen digestibility in heat damaged forages. J. Dairy Sci. 55:1275.
14. Hannah, S. M., R. C. Cochran, E. S. Vanzant, and D. L. Harmon. 1991. Influence of protein supplementation on site and extent of digestion, forage intake, and nutrient flow characteristics in steers consuming dormant bluestem-range forage. J. Anim. Sci. 69:2624.
15. Hart, F. J., and J. Leibholz. 1990. A note on the flow of endogenous protein to the omasum and abomasum of steers. Anim. Prod. 51:217.
16. Hoffman, P. C., S. J. Sievert, R. D. Shaver, D. A. Welch, and D. K. Combs. 1993. In situ dry matter, protein, and fiber degradation of perennial forages. J. Dairy Sci. 76:2632.
17. Jung, H. G., G. C. Fahey, Jr., and J. E. Garst. 1983. Simple phenolic monomers of forages and effects of in vitro fermentation on cell wall phenolics. J. Anim. Sci. 57:1294.
18. Kennedy, P. M., R. J. Christopherson, and L. P. Milligan. 1982. Effects of cold exposure on feed protein degradation, microbial protein synthesis and transfer of plasma urea to the rumen of sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 47:521.
19. Krishnamoorthy, U., C. J. Sniffen, M. D. Stern, and P. J. Van Soest. 1983. Evaluation of a mathematical model of rumen digestion and an in vitro simulation of rumen proteolysis to estimate the rumen-undegraded nitrogen content of feedstuffs. Br. J. Nutr. 50:555.
20. Lintzenich, B. A., E. S. Vanzant, R. C. Cochran, J. L. Beaty, R. T. Brandt, Jr., and G. St. Jean. 1995. Influence of processing supplemental alfalfa on intake and digestion of dormant bluestem-range forage by steers. J. Anim. Sci. 73:1187.
21. Madsen, J., and T. Hvelplund. 1994. Prediction of in situ protein degradability in the rumen - Results of a European ringtest. Livest. Prod. Sci. 39:201.
22. Milliken, G. A., and D. E. Johnson. 1984. Analysis of Messy Data. Volume 1: Designed Experiments. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York.
23. Mullahey, J. J., S. S. Waller, K. J. Moore, L. E. Moser, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 1992. In situ ruminal protein degradation of switchgrass and smooth bromegrass. Agron. J. 84:183.
24. Nocek, J. E. 1988. In situ and other methods to estimate ruminal protein and energy digestibility: A review. J. Dairy Sci. 71: 2051.
25. Nocek, J. E., and A. L. Grant. 1987. Characterization of in situ nitrogen and fiber digestion and bacterial nitrogen contamination of hay crop forages preserved at different dry matter percentages. J. Anim. Sci. 64:552.
26. NRC. 1984. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (6th Ed.). National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
27. NRC. 1985. Ruminant Nitrogen Usage. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
28. Nugent, J.H.A., W. T. Jones, D. J. Jordan, and J. L. Mangan. 1983. Rates of proteolysis in the rumen of the soluble proteins casein, Fraction I (18S) leaf protein, bovine serum albumin, and bovine submaxillary mucoprotein. Br. J. Nutr. 50:357.
29. Ørskov, E. R., N. A. Macleod, and D. J. Kyle. 1986. Flow of nitrogen from the rumen and abomasum in cattle and sheep given protein-free nutrients by intragastric infusion. Br. J. Nutr. 56: 241.
30. Ørskov, E. R., and I. McDonald. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. J. Agric. Sci. 92:499.
31. Prigge, E. C., B. A. Stuthers, and N. A. Jacquemet. 1990. Influence of forage diets on ruminal particle size, passage of digesta, feed intake and digestibility by steers. J. Anim. Sci. 68:4352.
32. Reeves, J. B., III. 1985. Lignin composition of chemically treated feeds as determined by nitrobenzene oxidation and its relationship to digestibility. J. Dairy Sci. 68:1976.
33. Robertson, J. B., and P. J. Van Soest. 1981. The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. In: W.P.T. James and O. Theander (Ed.) The Analysis of Dietary Fiber. p 123. Marcell Dekker, New York.
34. SAS. 1989. SAS/STAT® User's Guide (Version 6, 4th Ed.). SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
35. Sniffen, C. J., J. D. O'Connor, P. J. Van Soest, D. G. Fox, and J. B. Russell. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3562.
36. Solaiman, S. G., F. A. Martz, M. F. Weiss, and R. L. Belyea. 1990. Effects of protein and energy supplementation of Guernsey cows on the kinetics of digestion and passage of orchardgrass versus alfalfa. J. Anim. Sci. 68:2119.
37. Streeter, M. N., S. J. Barron, D. G. Wagner, C. A. Hibberd, F. N. Owens, and F. T. McCollum. 1991. Technical note: A double L intestinal cannula for cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 69:2601.
38. Sunvold, G. D., and R. C. Cochran. 1991. Technical note: Evaluation of acid detergent lignin, alkaline peroxide lignin, acid insoluble ash, and indigestible acid detergent fiber as internal markers for prediction of alfalfa, bromegrass, and prairie hay digestibility by beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 69:4951.
39. Thornton, R. F., and D. J. Minson. 1973. The relationship between apparent retention time in the rumen, voluntary intake, and apparent digestibility of legume and grass diets in sheep. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 24:889.
40. Ushida, K., B. Lassalas, and J. P. Jouany. 1985. Determination of assay parameters for RNA analysis in bacterial and duodenal samples by spectrophotometry. Influence of sample treatment and preservation. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 25:1037.
41. Van Soest, P. J. 1973. The uniformity and nutritive availability of cellulose. Fed. Proc. 32:1804.
42. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583.
43. van Vuuren, A. M., F. Krol-Kramer, R. A. Van der Lee, and H. Corbijn. 1992. Protein digestion and intestinal amino acids in dairy cows fed fresh Lolium perenne with different nitrogen contents. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2215.
44. Vanzant, E. S., and R. C. Cochran. 1994. Performance and forage utilization by beef cattle receiving increasing amounts of alfalfa hay as a supplement to low-quality, tallgrass-prairie forage. J. Anim. Sci. 72:1059.
45. Vanzant, E. S., R. C. Cochran, K. A. Jacques, A. A. Beharka, T. DelCurto, and T. B. Avery. 1990. Influence of level of supplementation and type of grain in supplements on intake and utilization of harvested, early-growing-season, bluestem-range forage by beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 68:1457.
46. Waldo, D. R., L. W. Smith, and E. L. Cox. 1972. Model of cellulose disappearance from the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 55:125.
47. Wallace, R. J., and M. A. Cotta. 1988. Metabolism of nitrogen containing compounds. In: P. N. Hobson (Ed.) The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem. p 217. Elsevier Science Publishers, London.
48. Wilkerson, V. A., T. J. Klopfenstein, and W. W. Stroup. 1995. A collaborative study of in situ forage protein degradation. J. Anim. Sci. 73:583.
49. Zhao, J. Y., M. Shimojo, and I. Goto. 1993. The effects of feeding level and roughage concentrate ratio on the measurement of protein degradability of 2 tropical forages in the rumen of goats, using the nylon bag technique. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 41:261.
50. Zinn, R. A., and F. N. Owens. 1986. A rapid method for purine measurement and its use for estimating net ruminal protein synthesis. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 66:157.