메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 679-687

Therapeutic horizons for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; GABAPENTIN; NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; RILUZOLE; SOMATOMEDIN C;

EID: 0030273704     PISSN: 09594388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0959-4388(96)80103-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (50)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0003119862 scopus 로고
    • Recherches sur une maladie non encore decrite de system musculaire (atrophie musculaire progressive)
    • Studies of an as yet undescribed disease of the muscular system (progressive muscular atrophy)
    • Aran F. Recherches sur une maladie non encore decrite de system musculaire (atrophie musculaire progressive). Arch Gen Med (Paris). 24:1850;4-35. Studies of an as yet undescribed disease of the muscular system (progressive muscular atrophy).
    • (1850) Arch Gen Med (Paris) , vol.24 , pp. 4-35
    • Aran, F.1
  • 2
    • 0000280462 scopus 로고
    • Deux cas d'atrophie musculaire progressive
    • Two cases of progressive muscular atrophy
    • Charcot J-M, Joffroy A. Deux cas d'atrophie musculaire progressive. Arch Physiol Norm Pathol. 2:1869;354-367. Two cases of progressive muscular atrophy.
    • (1869) Arch Physiol Norm Pathol , vol.2 , pp. 354-367
    • Charcot J-M1    Joffroy, A.2
  • 5
    • 0030026831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superoxide dismutase and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: New insights into mechanisms and treatments
    • Brown RH Jr. Superoxide dismutase and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: new insights into mechanisms and treatments. Ann Neurol. 39:1996;145-146.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 145-146
    • Brown R.H., Jr.1
  • 6
    • 0028960506 scopus 로고
    • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis recent insights from genetics and transgenic mice
    • of special interest. A synthesis of various current ideas on the pathogenesis of ALS. The author discusses links among the various proposed mechanisms for chronic motor neuron degeneration.
    • of special interest Brown RH Jr. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis recent insights from genetics and transgenic mice. Cell. 80:1995;687-692 A synthesis of various current ideas on the pathogenesis of ALS. The author discusses links among the various proposed mechanisms for chronic motor neuron degeneration.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 687-692
    • Brown R.H., Jr.1
  • 7
    • 0011985948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of ALS: The excitotoxicity hypothesis
    • of special interest
    • of special interest Rothstein JD. Pathogenesis of ALS: the excitotoxicity hypothesis. Neurology. 1996; A review of the role of excitotoxicity in the pathogenesis of ALS.
    • (1996) Neurology
    • Rothstein, J.D.1
  • 8
    • 0026098442 scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulins from animal models of motor neuron disease and from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients passively transfer physiological abnormalities to the neuromuscular junction
    • Appel SH, Engelhardt JI, Garcia J, Stefani E. Immunoglobulins from animal models of motor neuron disease and from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients passively transfer physiological abnormalities to the neuromuscular junction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 88:1991;647-651.
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 647-651
    • Appel, S.H.1    Engelhardt, J.I.2    Garcia, J.3    Stefani, E.4
  • 9
    • 0027991954 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for autoimmunity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • (suppl)
    • Appel SH, Smith RG, Engelhardt JI, Stefani E. Evidence for autoimmunity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 124:1994;14-19. (suppl).
    • (1994) J Neurol Sci , vol.124 , pp. 14-19
    • Appel, S.H.1    Smith, R.G.2    Engelhardt, J.I.3    Stefani, E.4
  • 11
    • 0028194834 scopus 로고
    • Cytotoxicity of immunoglobulins from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients on a hybrid motoneuron cell line
    • Smith RG, Alexianu ME, Crawford G, Nyormoi O, Stefani E, Appel SH. Cytotoxicity of immunoglobulins from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients on a hybrid motoneuron cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 91:1994;3393-3397.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 3393-3397
    • Smith, R.G.1    Alexianu, M.E.2    Crawford, G.3    Nyormoi, O.4    Stefani, E.5    Appel, S.H.6
  • 12
    • 0026597010 scopus 로고
    • Decreased glutamate transport by the brain and spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Rothstein JD, Martin LJ, Kuncl RW. Decreased glutamate transport by the brain and spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 326:1992;1464-1468.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 1464-1468
    • Rothstein, J.D.1    Martin, L.J.2    Kuncl, R.W.3
  • 13
    • 0028168346 scopus 로고
    • [3H]D-aspartate binding sites in the normal human spinal cord and changes in motor neuron disease: A quantitative autoradiographic study
    • Shaw PJ, Chinnery RM, Ince PG. [3H]D-aspartate binding sites in the normal human spinal cord and changes in motor neuron disease: a quantitative autoradiographic study. Brain Res. 655:1994;195-201.
    • (1994) Brain Res , vol.655 , pp. 195-201
    • Shaw, P.J.1    Chinnery, R.M.2    Ince, P.G.3
  • 14
    • 0027274623 scopus 로고
    • Chronic inhibition of glutamate uptake produces a model of slow neurotoxicity
    • Rothstein JD, Jin L, Dykes-Hoberg M, Kuncl RW. Chronic inhibition of glutamate uptake produces a model of slow neurotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90:1993;6591-6595.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 6591-6595
    • Rothstein, J.D.1    Jin, L.2    Dykes-Hoberg, M.3    Kuncl, R.W.4
  • 15
    • 13344286293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antisense knockout of glutamate transporters reveals a predominant role for astroglial glutamate transport in excitotoxicity and clearance of extracellular glutamate
    • of special interest. This study, largely designed to evaluate the basic physiology of glutamate transporter subtypes, demonstrates that a loss of astroglial, especially GLT-1 (see [19]), glutamate transporters, can lead to neurotoxicity and elevated extracellular glutamate levels.
    • of special interest Rothstein JD, Dykes-Hoberg M, Pardo CA, Bristol LA, Jin L, Kuncl RW, Kanai Y, Hediger MA, Wang Y, Schielke J, Welty DF. Antisense knockout of glutamate transporters reveals a predominant role for astroglial glutamate transport in excitotoxicity and clearance of extracellular glutamate. Neuron. 16:1996;675-686 This study, largely designed to evaluate the basic physiology of glutamate transporter subtypes, demonstrates that a loss of astroglial, especially GLT-1 (see [19]), glutamate transporters, can lead to neurotoxicity and elevated extracellular glutamate levels.
    • (1996) Neuron , vol.16 , pp. 675-686
    • Rothstein, J.D.1    Dykes-Hoberg, M.2    Pardo, C.A.3    Bristol, L.A.4    Jin, L.5    Kuncl, R.W.6    Kanai, Y.7    Hediger, M.A.8    Wang, Y.9    Schielke, J.10    Welty, D.F.11
  • 16
    • 0029082389 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative damage to protein in sporadic motor neuron disease spinal cord
    • Shaw PJ, Ince PG, Falkous G, Mantle D. Oxidative damage to protein in sporadic motor neuron disease spinal cord. Ann Neurol. 38:1995;691-695.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.38 , pp. 691-695
    • Shaw, P.J.1    Ince, P.G.2    Falkous, G.3    Mantle, D.4
  • 17
    • 0027359334 scopus 로고
    • Superoxide dismutase activity, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial energy metabolism in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Bowling AC, Schulz JB, Brown RH Jr, Beal MF. Superoxide dismutase activity, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial energy metabolism in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem. 61:1993;2322-2325.
    • (1993) J Neurochem , vol.61 , pp. 2322-2325
    • Bowling, A.C.1    Schulz, J.B.2    Brown R.H., Jr.3    Beal, M.F.4
  • 18
    • 0029995017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal growth and death: Order and disorder in the axoplasm
    • of special interest. The author provides a concise review of neurofilament biology and how neurofilament abnormalities could contribute to motor neuron disease.
    • of special interest Cleveland DW. Neuronal growth and death: order and disorder in the axoplasm. Cell. 84:1996;663-666 The author provides a concise review of neurofilament biology and how neurofilament abnormalities could contribute to motor neuron disease.
    • (1996) Cell , vol.84 , pp. 663-666
    • Cleveland, D.W.1
  • 19
    • 0029030610 scopus 로고
    • Selective loss of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • of special interest. Some sporadic ALS patients appear to have a loss of glutamate transport activity in neuropathologically affected brain regions [12]. These changes were not seen in disease controls, including Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease patients. This study demonstrates that the functional defects in glutamate transport demonstrated in [12] are probably attributable to a selective loss of the astroglial glutamate transporter GLT-1 and not to the other astroglial transporter GLAST or the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1.
    • of special interest Rothstein JD, Van Kammen M, Levey AI, Martin LJ, Kuncl RW. Selective loss of glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 38:1995;73-84 Some sporadic ALS patients appear to have a loss of glutamate transport activity in neuropathologically affected brain regions [12]. These changes were not seen in disease controls, including Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease patients. This study demonstrates that the functional defects in glutamate transport demonstrated in [12] are probably attributable to a selective loss of the astroglial glutamate transporter GLT-1 and not to the other astroglial transporter GLAST or the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.38 , pp. 73-84
    • Rothstein, J.D.1    Van Kammen, M.2    Levey, A.I.3    Martin, L.J.4    Kuncl, R.W.5
  • 21
    • 0029067210 scopus 로고
    • CSF and plasma amino acid levels in motor neuron disease - Elevation of CSF glutamate in a subset of patients
    • Shaw PJ, Forest V, Ince PG, Richardson JP, Wastell HJ. CSF and plasma amino acid levels in motor neuron disease - elevation of CSF glutamate in a subset of patients. Neurodegeneration. 4:1995;209-216.
    • (1995) Neurodegeneration , vol.4 , pp. 209-216
    • Shaw, P.J.1    Forest, V.2    Ince, P.G.3    Richardson, J.P.4    Wastell, H.J.5
  • 22
    • 0001236129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An abnormal mRNA leads in downregulation of glutamate transporter EAAT2 (GLT-1) expression in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Lin G, Bristol LA, Rothstein JD. An abnormal mRNA leads in downregulation of glutamate transporter EAAT2 (GLT-1) expression in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 40:1996;540-541.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 540-541
    • Lin, G.1    Bristol, L.A.2    Rothstein, J.D.3
  • 23
    • 0030050727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benefit of vitamin E, riluzole, and gabapentin in a transgenic model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • of outstanding interest. The first clinical trials of SOD1 transgenic mice. Anti-glutamate (riluzole and gabapentin) drugs and the antioxidant vitamin E were studied and found to alter the course of the disease in these mice. Notably, the antioxidants delayed disease onset but not overall survival of the mice,; whereas the antiglutamates did not alter disease onset, but slightly increased survival. This paper suggests that both initiating and propagating processes may occur in ALS.
    • of outstanding interest Gurney ME, Cuttings FB, Zhai P, Doble A, Taylor CP, Andrus PK, Hall ED. Benefit of vitamin E, riluzole, and gabapentin in a transgenic model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 39:1996;147-157 The first clinical trials of SOD1 transgenic mice. Anti-glutamate (riluzole and gabapentin) drugs and the antioxidant vitamin E were studied and found to alter the course of the disease in these mice. Notably, the antioxidants delayed disease onset but not overall survival of the mice,; whereas the antiglutamates did not alter disease onset, but slightly increased survival. This paper suggests that both initiating and propagating processes may occur in ALS.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 147-157
    • Gurney, M.E.1    Cuttings, F.B.2    Zhai, P.3    Doble, A.4    Taylor, C.P.5    Andrus, P.K.6    Hall, E.D.7
  • 24
    • 0029053881 scopus 로고
    • An adverse property of a familial ALS-linked SOD1 mutation causes motor neuron disease characterized by vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria
    • of outstanding interest. A detailed study of transgenic mice carrying a different SOD1 mutation, G37R, from the one studied by Gurney et al [23]. The authors provide a detailed neuropathological and biochemical evaluation of the progression of the disease in these mice. Similar to this study by Gurney et al. [23], this study confirms the selective motor neuron degeneration associated with a SOD1 mutation. The G37R mutation appears to cause a vacuolar-type degeneration. Furthermore, the authors suggest that the toxicity associated with the SOD1 mutation confirms a gain-of-adverse property, rather than a simple loss of function.
    • of outstanding interest Wong PC, Pardo CA, Borchelt DR, Lee MK, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Sisodia SS, Cleveland DW, Price DL. An adverse property of a familial ALS-linked SOD1 mutation causes motor neuron disease characterized by vacuolar degeneration of mitochondria. Neuron. 14:1995;1105-1116 A detailed study of transgenic mice carrying a different SOD1 mutation, G37R, from the one studied by Gurney et al [23]. The authors provide a detailed neuropathological and biochemical evaluation of the progression of the disease in these mice. Similar to this study by Gurney et al. [23], this study confirms the selective motor neuron degeneration associated with a SOD1 mutation. The G37R mutation appears to cause a vacuolar-type degeneration. Furthermore, the authors suggest that the toxicity associated with the SOD1 mutation confirms a gain-of-adverse property, rather than a simple loss of function.
    • (1995) Neuron , vol.14 , pp. 1105-1116
    • Wong, P.C.1    Pardo, C.A.2    Borchelt, D.R.3    Lee, M.K.4    Copeland, N.G.5    Jenkins, N.A.6    Sisodia, S.S.7    Cleveland, D.W.8    Price, D.L.9
  • 25
    • 0028116467 scopus 로고
    • A mutant neurofilament subunit causes massive, selective motor neuron death: Implications for the pathogenesis of human motor neuron disease
    • Lee MK, Marszalek JR, Cleveland DW. A mutant neurofilament subunit causes massive, selective motor neuron death: implications for the pathogenesis of human motor neuron disease. Neuron. 13:1994;975-988.
    • (1994) Neuron , vol.13 , pp. 975-988
    • Lee, M.K.1    Marszalek, J.R.2    Cleveland, D.W.3
  • 26
    • 0027410516 scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of neurofilament subunit NF-L produces morphological alterations that resemble the pathology of human motor neuron disease
    • Xu Z, Cork LC, Griffin JW, Cleveland DW. Increased expression of neurofilament subunit NF-L produces morphological alterations that resemble the pathology of human motor neuron disease. Cell. 73:1993;23-33.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.73 , pp. 23-33
    • Xu, Z.1    Cork, L.C.2    Griffin, J.W.3    Cleveland, D.W.4
  • 27
    • 0028815433 scopus 로고
    • Superoxide dismutase is an abundant component in cell bodies, dendrites, and axons of motor neurons and in a subset of other neurons
    • of special interest. The first detailed study of the distribution of SOD1 in the CNS. The authors demonstrate the relatively ubiquitous localization of SOD1 to neurons and glia.
    • of special interest Pardo CA, Xu Z, Borchelt DR, Price DL, Sisodia SS, Cleveland DW. Superoxide dismutase is an abundant component in cell bodies, dendrites, and axons of motor neurons and in a subset of other neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 92:1995;954-958 The first detailed study of the distribution of SOD1 in the CNS. The authors demonstrate the relatively ubiquitous localization of SOD1 to neurons and glia.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 954-958
    • Pardo, C.A.1    Xu, Z.2    Borchelt, D.R.3    Price, D.L.4    Sisodia, S.S.5    Cleveland, D.W.6
  • 28
    • 0025999463 scopus 로고
    • Cytoskeletal pathology in motor neuron disease
    • Leigh PN, Swash M. Cytoskeletal pathology in motor neuron disease. Adv Neurol. 56:1991;115-125.
    • (1991) Adv Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 115-125
    • Leigh, P.N.1    Swash, M.2
  • 29
    • 0028093154 scopus 로고
    • New pathological findings in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • (suppl)
    • Lowe J. New pathological findings in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 124:1994;38-51. (suppl).
    • (1994) J Neurol Sci , vol.124 , pp. 38-51
    • Lowe, J.1
  • 31
    • 0027686249 scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders
    • Coyle JT, Puttfarcken P. Oxidative stress, glutamate, and neurodegenerative disorders. Science. 262:1993;689-695.
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 689-695
    • Coyle, J.T.1    Puttfarcken, P.2
  • 33
    • 0026939298 scopus 로고
    • Role of excitotoxicity in human neurological disease
    • Beal MF. Role of excitotoxicity in human neurological disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2:1992;657-662.
    • (1992) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.2 , pp. 657-662
    • Beal, M.F.1
  • 34
    • 0028208495 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate uptake inhibition by oxygen free radicals in rat cortical astrocytes
    • Volterra A, Trotti D, Tromba C, Floridi S, Racagni G. Glutamate uptake inhibition by oxygen free radicals in rat cortical astrocytes. J Neurosci. 14:1994;2924-2932.
    • (1994) J Neurosci , vol.14 , pp. 2924-2932
    • Volterra, A.1    Trotti, D.2    Tromba, C.3    Floridi, S.4    Racagni, G.5
  • 36
    • 0026609559 scopus 로고
    • Alternative excitotoxic hypotheses
    • Albin RL, Greenamyre JT. Alternative excitotoxic hypotheses. Neurology. 42:1992;733-738.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 733-738
    • Albin, R.L.1    Greenamyre, J.T.2
  • 37
    • 0029125857 scopus 로고
    • Aging, energy, and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases
    • Beal MF. Aging, energy, and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Ann Neurol. 38:1995;357-366.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.38 , pp. 357-366
    • Beal, M.F.1
  • 39
    • 0028097839 scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Bensimon G, Lacomblez L, Meininger V. A controlled trial of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 330:1994;585-591.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.330 , pp. 585-591
    • Bensimon, G.1    Lacomblez, L.2    Meininger, V.3
  • 40
    • 0029977337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-ranging study of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • of outstanding interest. In this dose-ranging follow-up study (see [39]), the beneficial effect of riluzole in ALS was confirmed. In spite of this success, perplexing questions still remain. If patients lived longer, why did the drug not alter their decline in motor strength and pulmonary function?
    • of outstanding interest Lacomblez L, Bensimon G, Leigh PN, Guillet P, Meininger V. Dose-ranging study of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet. 347:1996;1425-1431 In this dose-ranging follow-up study (see [39]), the beneficial effect of riluzole in ALS was confirmed. In spite of this success, perplexing questions still remain. If patients lived longer, why did the drug not alter their decline in motor strength and pulmonary function?
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 1425-1431
    • Lacomblez, L.1    Bensimon, G.2    Leigh, P.N.3    Guillet, P.4    Meininger, V.5
  • 41
    • 0030032259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Przedborski S, Donaldson D, Janowec M, Kish SJ, Guttman M, Rosoklija G, Hays AP. Brain superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 39:1996;158-165.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 158-165
    • Przedborski, S.1    Donaldson, D.2    Janowec, M.3    Kish, S.J.4    Guttman, M.5    Rosoklija, G.6    Hays, A.P.7
  • 43
    • 0029113872 scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective strategies in a model of chronic glutamate-mediated motor neuron toxicity
    • of special interest. Demonstrates the potential value of using cell culture models to screen potential neuroprotective agents.
    • of special interest Rothstein JD, Kuncl RW. Neuroprotective strategies in a model of chronic glutamate-mediated motor neuron toxicity. J Neurochem. 65:1995;643-651 Demonstrates the potential value of using cell culture models to screen potential neuroprotective agents.
    • (1995) J Neurochem , vol.65 , pp. 643-651
    • Rothstein, J.D.1    Kuncl, R.W.2
  • 45
    • 2442646665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of subcutaneous recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor (rHCNTF) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • of special interest. The results from one of the largest ALS trials to date, which revealed no beneficial effect for CNTF in slowing motor decline. Side effects of the recombinant protein were significant and led to a limitation of dosing.
    • of special interest. A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of subcutaneous recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor (rHCNTF) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology. 46:1996;1244-1249 The results from one of the largest ALS trials to date, which revealed no beneficial effect for CNTF in slowing motor decline. Side effects of the recombinant protein were significant and led to a limitation of dosing.
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 1244-1249
  • 48
    • 0027457183 scopus 로고
    • Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents retrograde neuronal death in the adult central nervous system
    • Clatterbuck PE, Price DL, Koliatsos VE. Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents retrograde neuronal death in the adult central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90:1993;2222-2226.
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , pp. 2222-2226
    • Clatterbuck, P.E.1    Price, D.L.2    Koliatsos, V.E.3
  • 49
    • 0025325548 scopus 로고
    • Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents the degeneration of motor neurons after axotomy
    • Sendtner M, Kreutzberg GW, Thoenen H. Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents the degeneration of motor neurons after axotomy. Nature. 345:1990;440-441.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.345 , pp. 440-441
    • Sendtner, M.1    Kreutzberg, G.W.2    Thoenen, H.3
  • 51
    • 0027067035 scopus 로고
    • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rescues spinal motor neurons from axotomy-induced cell death
    • Yan Q, Elliott J, Snider WD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor rescues spinal motor neurons from axotomy-induced cell death. Nature. 360:1992;753-755.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 753-755
    • Yan, Q.1    Elliott, J.2    Snider, W.D.3
  • 52
    • 0028269017 scopus 로고
    • Ventral root avulsion: An experimental model of death of adult motor neurons
    • Koliatsos VE, Price WL, Pardo CA, Price DL. Ventral root avulsion: an experimental model of death of adult motor neurons. J Comp Neurol. 342:1994;35-44.
    • (1994) J Comp Neurol , vol.342 , pp. 35-44
    • Koliatsos, V.E.1    Price, W.L.2    Pardo, C.A.3    Price, D.L.4
  • 53
    • 0027070473 scopus 로고
    • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents the death of motoneurons in newborn rats after nerve section
    • Sendtner M, Holtmann B, Kolbeck R, Thoenen H, Barde Y-A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents the death of motoneurons in newborn rats after nerve section. Nature. 360:1992;757-759.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 757-759
    • Sendtner, M.1    Holtmann, B.2    Kolbeck, R.3    Thoenen, H.4    Barde Y-A5
  • 54
    • 0028854836 scopus 로고
    • In vivo neurotrophic effects of GDNF on neonatal and adult facial motor neurons
    • Yan Q, Matheson C, Lopez OT. In vivo neurotrophic effects of GDNF on neonatal and adult facial motor neurons. Nature. 373:1995;341-344.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.373 , pp. 341-344
    • Yan, Q.1    Matheson, C.2    Lopez, O.T.3
  • 55
  • 57
    • 0026749255 scopus 로고
    • Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents degeneration of motor neurons in mouse mutant progressive motor neuronopathy
    • Sendtner M, Schmalbruch H, Stöckli KA, Carroll P, Kreutzberg GW, Thoenen H. Ciliary neurotrophic factor prevents degeneration of motor neurons in mouse mutant progressive motor neuronopathy. Nature. 358:1992;502-504.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 502-504
    • Sendtner, M.1    Schmalbruch, H.2    Stöckli, K.A.3    Carroll, P.4    Kreutzberg, G.W.5    Thoenen, H.6
  • 58
    • 0029950147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GDNF slows loss of motoneurons but not axonal degeneration or premature death of pmn/pmn mice
    • Sagot Y, Tan SA, Hammang JP, Aebischer P, Kato AC. GDNF slows loss of motoneurons but not axonal degeneration or premature death of pmn/pmn mice. J Neurosci. 16:1996;2335-2341.
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 2335-2341
    • Sagot, Y.1    Tan, S.A.2    Hammang, J.P.3    Aebischer, P.4    Kato, A.C.5
  • 61
    • 0029065517 scopus 로고
    • Potentiated necrosis of cultured cortical neurons by neurotrophins
    • Koh JY, Gwang BJ, Lobner D, Choi DW. Potentiated necrosis of cultured cortical neurons by neurotrophins. Science. 268:1995;573-575.
    • (1995) Science , vol.268 , pp. 573-575
    • Koh, J.Y.1    Gwang, B.J.2    Lobner, D.3    Choi, D.W.4
  • 62
    • 0027441743 scopus 로고
    • Basic fibroblast growth factor protects cerebellar neurons in primary culture from NMDA and non-NMDA receptor mediated neurotoxicity
    • Fernandez-Sanchez MT, Novelli A. Basic fibroblast growth factor protects cerebellar neurons in primary culture from NMDA and non-NMDA receptor mediated neurotoxicity. FEBS Lett. 335:1993;124-131.
    • (1993) FEBS Lett , vol.335 , pp. 124-131
    • Fernandez-Sanchez, M.T.1    Novelli, A.2
  • 65
    • 0028021552 scopus 로고
    • A null mutation in the human CNTF gene is not causally related to neurological diseases
    • Takahashi R, Yokoji H, Misawa H, Hayashi M, Hu J, Deguchi T. A null mutation in the human CNTF gene is not causally related to neurological diseases. Nature Genet. 7:1994;79-84.
    • (1994) Nature Genet , vol.7 , pp. 79-84
    • Takahashi, R.1    Yokoji, H.2    Misawa, H.3    Hayashi, M.4    Hu, J.5    Deguchi, T.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.