Blast characteristics and TNT equivalence values for some commercial explosives detonated at ground level

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Volumn 50, Issue 2-3, 1996, Pages 183-198

  Formby, S A ^a   Wharton, R K ^a  

^a HEALTH AND SAFETY LABORATORY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Blast characteristic; Blast waveshape; Commercial explosive; Detonation velocity; Ground level detonation; Peak overpressure; Positive phase impulse data; TNT equivalence value

Indexed keywords

BLASTING; DETONATION; PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; SHOCK WAVES; TIME MEASUREMENT;

BLAST WAVESHAPE; DETONATION VELOCITY; EXPLOSIVE EQUIVALENCE VALUES;

EXPLOSIVES;

EXPLOSIVE; TRINITROTOLUENE;

ARTICLE; ENERGY; EXPLOSION; VELOCITY; WAVEFORM;

EID: 0030273332     PISSN: 03043894     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0304-3894(96)01791-8     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. [1] C. Sadee, D.E. Samuels and T.P. O'Brien, The characteristics of the explosion of cyclohexane at the Nypro (UK) Flixborough Plant on 1st June 1974, J. Occup. Accid., 1(3) (1976) 203-235.
2. [2] J. Köhler and R. Meyer, Explosives, VCH, Weinheim, 4th edn., 1993.
3. [3] A. Marshall, Explosives, Vol. 2: Properties and Tests, 2nd edn., J.A. Churchill, London, 1917, p. 491.
4. [4] J. Petes and K. Tempo, ANFO Detonation and Blast Characteristics of 600 ton Unconfined Charges, Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Explosives and Pyrotechnics, 1984, 1/99-110.
5. [5] W.E. Baker, Explosions in Air, University of Texas Press, 1973, pp. 5, 57 and 64.
6. [6] G.F. Kinney and K.J. Graham, Explosive Shocks in Air, 2nd edn., Springer, 1962, pp. 100-102.
7. [7] M.M. Ismail and S.G. Murray, Study of the blast wave parameters from small scale explosions, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 18 (1993) 11-17.
8. [8] R.H. Cole, Underwater Explosions, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, USA, 1948, p. 18.
9. [9] C.N. Kingery and G. Bulmash, Airblast Parameters from TNT Spherical Air Burst and Hemispherical Surface Burst, ARBRL-TR-02555, US Army Armament Research and Development Center, BRL, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA, 1984.
10. [10] FAMOS (Fast Analysis and Monitoring Of Signals) User's Manual, imc Mess-systeme GmbH, Berlin, Germany, 1993.
11. [11] M. Held, TNT-Equivalent, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 8 (1983) 158-167.
12. [12] J. Maserjian and E.M. Fisher, Determination of Average Equivalent Weight and Average Equivalent Volume and their Precision Indices for Comparison of Explosives in Air, NAVORD Report 2264, US Naval Ordnance Laboratory, White Oak, Maryland, USA, 1951.
13. [13] E.D. Esparza, Blast measurements and equivalency for spherical charges at small scaled distances, Int. J. Impact Eng., 4(1) (1986) 23-40.
14. [14] H. Honma, I.I. Glass, C.H. Wong, O. Holst-Jensen and D.Q. Xu, Experimental and numerical studies of weak blast waves in air, Shock Waves, 1 (1991) 111-119.
15. [15] L.V. De Yong and G. Campanella, A study of blast characteristics of several primary explosives and pyrotechnic compositions, J. Hazard. Mater., 21 (1989) 125-133.
16. [16] M.M. Swisdak, Jr., Explosion Effects and Properties, Part 1: Explosion Effects in Air, NSWC/WOL/TR 75-116, Naval Surface Weapons Center, White Oak, USA, 1975.