Temporal mechanisms underlying flicker detection and identification for red–green and achromatic stimuli

Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics and Image Science, and Vision

Volumn 13, Issue 10, 1996, Pages 1969-1980

  Metha, Andrew B ^a   Mullen, Kathy T ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Color; Detection; Identification; Isoluminance; Luminance; Model; Speed; Temporal frequency

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; COLOR VISION; DIFFERENTIAL THRESHOLD; HUMAN; PHOTOSTIMULATION; PHYSIOLOGY; TIME; VISION;

COLOR PERCEPTION; DIFFERENTIAL THRESHOLD; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PHOTIC STIMULATION; TIME FACTORS; VISION;

EID: 0030266935     PISSN: 10847529     EISSN: 15208532     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/JOSAA.13.001969     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. W. H. Swanson, T. Ueno, V. C. Smith, and J. Pokorny, “Temporal modulation sensitivity and pulse detection thresholds for chromatic and luminance perturbations,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 1992–2005 (1987).
2. K. Uchikawa and M. Ikeda, “Temporal integration of chromatic double pulses for detection of equal-luminance wavelength changes,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 3, 2109–2115 (1986).
3. K. Uchikawa and T. Yoshizawa, “Temporal responses to chromatic and achromatic change inferred from temporal double-pulse integration,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 10, 1697–1705 (1993).
4. D. C. Burr and M. C. Morrone, “Impulse-response functions for chromatic and achromatic stimuli,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 10, 1706–1713 (1993).
5. R. T. Eskew Jr., C. F. Stromeyer III, and R. E. Kronauer, “Temporal properties of the red-green chromatic mechanism,” Vision Res. 34, 3139–3144 (1994).
6. P. E. King-Smith and J. J. Kulikowski, “Pattern and flicker detection analyzed by subthreshold summation,” J. Physiol. (London) 249, 519–548 (1975).
7. A. B. Watson and J. G. Robson, “Discrimination at threshold: Labelled detectors in human vision,” Vision Res. 21, 1115–1122 (1981).
8. P. Thompson, “Discrimination of moving gratings at and above detection threshold,” Vision Res. 23, 1533–1538 (1983).
9. M. B. Mandler, “Temporal frequency discrimination above threshold,” Vision Res. 24, 1873–1880 (1984).
10. M. B. Mandler and W. Makous, “A three channel model of temporal frequency perception,” Vision Res. 24, 1881–1887 (1984).
11. S. J. Anderson and D. C. Burr, “Spatial and temporal selectivity of the human motion detection system,” Vision Res. 25, 1147–1154 (1985).
12. R. F. Hess and G. T. Plant, “Temporal frequency discrimination in human vision: evidence for an additional mechanism in the low spatial and high temporal frequency region,” Vision Res. 25, 1493–1500 (1985).
13. R. F. Hess and R. J. Snowden, “Temporal properties of human visual filters: number, shapes and spatial covariation,” Vision Res. 32, 47–59 (1992).
14. S. J. Waugh and R. F. Hess, “Suprathreshold temporal-frequency discrimination in the fovea and the periphery,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 1199–1212 (1994).
15. S. T. Hammett and A. T. Smith, “Two temporal channels or three? A re-evaluation,” Vision Res. 32, 285–291 (1992).
16. M. G. Harris, “Velocity specificity of the flicker to pattern sensitivity ratio in human vision,” Vision Res. 20, 687–691 (1980).
17. L. Stone and P. Thompson, “Human speed perception is contrast dependent,” Vision Res. 32, 1535–1549 (1992).
18. A. T. Smith, “Velocity perception and discrimination: relation to temporal mechanisms,” Vision Res. 27, 1491–1500
19. A. T. Smith and G. K. Edgar, “Antagonistic comparison of temporal frequency filter outputs as a basis for speed perception,” Vision Res. 34, 253–265 (1994).
20. W. Richards, “Quantifying sensory channels: generalizing colorimetry to orientation and texture, touch and tones,” Sensory Process. 3, 207–229 (1979).
21. P. Cavanagh, “Vision at equiluminance,” in Vision and Visual Dysfunction: Limits of Vision, J. J. Kulikowski, V. Walsh, and I. J. Murray, eds. (Macmillan, London, 1991), Vol. 5, pp. 234–250.
22. S. J. Cropper, “Velocity discrimination in chromatic gratings and beats,” Vision Res. 34, 41–48 (1994).
23. A. B. Metha, “Detection and direction discrimination in terms of post-receptoral mechanisms,” Ph.D. dissertation (University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, 1994).
24. A. B. Metha, A. J. Vingrys, and D. R. Badcock, “Calibration of a color monitor for visual psychophysics,” Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Computers 25, 371–383 (1993).
25. P. Cavanagh, D. I. A. MacLeod, and S. M. Anstis, “Equilu-minance: spatial and temporal factors and the contribution of blue-sensitive cones,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 4, 1428–1438 (1987).
26. C. F. Stromeyer III, R. E. Kronauer, A. Ryu, A. Chapparo, and R. T. Eskew Jr., “Contributions of human long-wave and middle-wave cones to motion detection,” J. Physiol. (London) 485, 221–243 (1995).
27. P. Cavanagh, C. W. Tyler, and O. E. Favreau, “Perceived velocity of moving chromatic gratings,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1, 893–899 (1984).
28. H. L. DeVries, “The heredity of the relative numbers of red and green receptors in the human eye,” Genetica 24, 199–212 (1948).
29. D. Regan and C. W. Tyler, “Some dynamic features of color vision,” Vision Res. 11, 1307–1324 (1971).
30. G. R. Cole, T. Hine, and W. McIlhagga, “Detection mechanisms in L-, M-, and S-cone contrast space,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 10, 38–50 (1993).
31. J. G. Robson, “Spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity functions of the visual system,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 56, 1141–1142 (1966).
32. D. H. Kelly, “Spatiotemporal variation of chromatic and achromatic contrast thresholds,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 73, 742–750 (1983).
33. K. T. Mullen and J. C. Boulton, “Absence of smooth motion perception in color vision,” Vision Res. 32, 483–488 (1992).
34. J. J. Koenderink, “Scale time,” Biol. Cybern. 58, 159–162
35. A. Johnston and C. W. G. Clifford, “A unified account of three apparent motion illusions,” Vision Res. 35, 1109–1123 (1995).
36. R. E. Fredericksen and R. F. Hess, “Two, three or four temporal channels? A re-re-evaluation,” Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 36, S16 (1995).
37. A. B. Watson, “Temporal sensitivity,” in Handbook of Perception and Human Performance, K. R. Boff, L. Kaufman, and J. P. Thomas, eds. (Wiley, New York, 1986), Vol. 1, pp. 1–43.
38. A. B. Watson, “Probability summation over time,” Vision Res. 19, 512–522 (1979).
39. G. E. Legge and J. Foley, “Contrast masking in human vision,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70, 1458–1471 (1980).
40. G. E. Legge, “A power law for contrast discrimination,” Vision Res. 21, 457–467 (1981).
41. W. H. Press, B. P. Flannery, S. A. Teukolsky, and W. T. Vetterling, Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing (Cambridge U. Press, Cambridge, 1988).
42. P. Kaiser, M. Ayama, and R. L. P. Vimal, “Flicker photometry: residual minimum flicker,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 3, 1989–1993 (1986).
43. B. B. Lee, J. Pokorny, V. C. Smith, P. R. Martin, and A. Val-berg, “Luminance and chromatic modulation sensitivity of macaque ganglion cells and human observers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 7, 2223–2236 (1990).
44. A. B. Metha, A. J. Vingrys, and D. R. Badcock, “Detection and discrimination of moving stimuli: the effects of color, luminance and eccentricity,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 1697–1709 (1994).
45. K. T. Mullen and J. C. Boulton, “Interactions between colour and luminance contrast in the perception of motion,” Ophthal. Physiol. Opt. 12, 201–205 (1992).
46. K. T. Mullen and C. L. Baker, “A motion aftereffect from an isoluminant stimulus,” Vision Res. 25, 685–688 (1985).
47. P. Cavanagh and O. E. Favreau, “Colour and luminance share a common motion pathway,” Vision Res. 25, 1595–1601 (1985).
48. A. M. Derrington and D. R. Badcock, “The low level motion system has both chromatic and luminance inputs,” Vision Res. 25, 1879–1884 (1985).
49. M. J. Hawken, K. Gegenfurtner, and C. Tang, “Contrast dependence of colour and luminance motion mechanisms in human vision,” Nature (London) 367, 268–270 (1994).
50. P. G. Thompson, “Perceived rate of movement depends on contrast,” Vision Res. 22, 377–380 (1982).