Basics of Stratifying for Severity of Illness

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology

Volumn 17, Issue 10, 1996, Pages 675-686

  Gross, Peter A ^a  

^a HACKENSACK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANCER STAGING; CLASSIFICATION; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE; COMORBIDITY; DIAGNOSIS RELATED GROUP; HEALTH SURVEY; HEART DISEASE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; COMORBIDITY; DIAGNOSIS-RELATED GROUPS; HEALTH STATUS INDICATORS; HEART DISEASES; HUMANS; NEOPLASM STAGING; OUTCOME AND PROCESS ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PROGNOSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 0030254756     PISSN: 0899823X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/30141304     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Shakespeare W. Hamlet. Act III; scene 1; line 59.
2. Localio AR, Hamory BH, Sharp TJ, Weaver SL, TenHave TR, Landis JR Comparing hospital mortality in adult patients with pneumonia: a case study of statistical methods in a managed care program. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:125-132.
3. Iezzoni LI. Risk and outcomes and dimensions of risk. In: Iezzoni LI, ed. Risk Adjustment for Measuring Health Care Outcome. Ann Arbor, MI: Health Administration Press; 1994:1-118.
4. Iezzoni LI, Ash AS, Shwartz M, Daley J, Hughes JS, Mackiernan YD. Predicting who dies depends on how severity is measured: implications for evaluating patient outcomes. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:763-770.
5. The Criteria Committee of the New York Heart Association, Inc. Diseases of the Heart and Blood Vessels; Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis. 6th ed. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Co; 1964.
6. Lemmedu DK, Kepm JW, Judkins HG, Gosselin AJ, Killp T. Complications of coronary arteriography from the Collaborative Study of Coronary Artery Surgery (CASS). Circulation 1979;59:11-15.
7. Goldman L, Hashimoto B, Cook FD, Loscalzo A. Comparative reproducibility and validity of systems for assessing cardiovascular functional class: advantages of a new specific activity scale. Circulation 1981;64:1227-1234.
8. Bergelson BA, Jacobs AK, Cupples LA, et al. Prediction of risk for hemodynamic compromise during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:1540-1545.
9. Ryan TJ, Baumn WB, Kennedy JW. ACC/AHA Task Force Report: guidelines for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty - a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Assessment of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cardiovascular Procedures (Committee on Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty). J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:2033-2052.
10. O'Connor GT, Plume SK, Olmstead EM, et al. Multivariate prediction of in-hospital mortality associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery: in-hospital mortality and CABG. Circulation 1992;85:2110-2118.
11. Hannan EL, Kilburn H, Racz M, Shields E, Chassin MR. Improving the outcomes of coronary artery bypass surgery in New York state. JAMA 1994;271:761-766.
12. Altemeier WA, Burke JF, Pruitt BA, Sandusky WE, eds. Manual on Control of Infection in Surgical Patients. Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott; 1976.
13. Haley RW, Culver DH, Morgan WM, et al. Identifying patients at high risk of surgical wound infection. A simple multivariate index of patient susceptibility and wound contamination. Am J Epidemiol 1985;121:206-215.
14. Culver DH, Horan TC, Gaynes RP, et al. Surgical wound infection rates by wound class, operative procedure, and patient risk index. Am J Med 1991;91(suppl 3B):152S-157S.
15. Kollef MH. Ventilator-associated pneumonia. A multivariate analysis. JAMA 1993;270:1965-1970.
16. Marie TJ. Community-acquired pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis 1994;18:501-515.
17. Fine MJ, Smith DN, Singer DE. Hospitalization decision in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective cohort study. Am J Med 1990;89:713-721.
18. Chassin MR, Park RE, Lohr KN, et al. Differences among hospitals in Medicare patient mortality. Health Serv Res 1989;24:1.
19. Fine MJ, Singer DE, Phelps AL, Hanusa BH, Kapoor WN. Differences in length of hospital stay in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective four-hospital study. Med Care 1993;31:371-380.
20. McCabe WR, Jackson GG. Gram-negative bacteremia, II: clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic observations. Arch Intern Med 1962;110:847-855.
21. Setia U, Gross PA Bacteremia in a community hospital. Spectrum and mortality. Arch Intern Med 1977;137:1698-1701.
22. Rabeneck L, Wray NP. Predicting the outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:2749-2755.
23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR 1992;41(No. RR-17):1-19.
24. MacDonell KB, Chimel JS, Goldsmith J, et al. Prognostic use-fulness of the Walter Reed staging classification for HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1988;1:367-374.
25. Mayer RJ. Gastrointestinal Cancer, VIII. In: Rubenstein E, Federman DD, eds. Scientific American Medicine. New York, NY: Scientific American Medicine Inc; 1986:1-18.
26. Feinstein AR, Wells CK. A clinical-severity staging system for patients with lung cancer. Medicine 1990;69:1-33.
27. Steinberg W, Tenner S. Acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1198-1210.
28. Ranson JHC, Rifkind KM, Roses DF, Fink SD, Eng K, Spencer FC. Prognostic signs and the role of operative management in acute pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1974:139:69-81.
29. Satariano WA, Ragland DR. The effect of comorbidity on 3-year survival of women with primary breast cancer. Ann Intern Med 1994;120:104-110.
30. Roher JE. Developing risk-adjusted monitoring systems: illustration of an approach. Clin Perform Qual Health Care 1994;2:84-91.
31. Tobacman JK. Assessment of comorbidity: a review. Clin Perform Qual Health Care 1994;2:23-32.
32. LeGall JR, Lemeshow S, Saulnier F. A new simplified acute physiology score (SAPS II) based on a European/North American multicenter study. JAMA 1993;270:2957-2964.
33. Gross PA. Use of severity of illness indices. In: Mayhall G, ed. Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1996:90-103.
34. Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmermn JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985;9:591-597.
35. Moreau R, Soupison T, Vauquelin P, Derrida S, Beaucur H, Sicto C. Comparison of two simplified severity scores SAPS and APACHE (II) for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Crit Care Med 1989;17:409-413.
36. McMahon LF, Hayward RA, Bernard AM, Rosevear JS, Weissfeld LA. Apache-L: a new severity of illness adjuster for inpatient medical care. Med Care 1992;30:445-452.
37. Kruse JA, Thil-Baharozian MC, Carlson RW. Comparison of clinical assessment with APACHE II for predicting mortality risk in patients admitted to a medical intensive care unit. JAMA 1988;260:1739-1742.
38. Zimmerman JE, ed. APACHE III study design: analytic plan for evaluation of severity and outcome in intensive care units. Crit Care Med 1988;17(12 pate 2):169S-221S.
39. Knaus WA, Douglas PW, Draper EA, et al. Clinical investigations in critical care: the APACHE III prognostic system. Risk prediction of hospital mortality for critically ill hospitalized adults. Chest 1991;100:1619-1636.
40. Knaus WA, Wagner DP, Lynn J. Short-term mortality predictions for critically ill hospitalized adults: science and ethics. Science 1991;254:345-488.
41. Brewster AC, Karlin BG, Hyde LA, et al. MedisGroups: a clinically based approach to classifying hospital patients at admission. Inquiry 1985;12:377-387.
42. Iezzoni LI, Ash AS, Cobb JL, Moskowitz MA. Admission MedisGroups score and the cost of hospitalizations. Med Care 1988;26:1068-1080.
43. Iezzoni LI, Hotchkin EK, Ash AS, Schwartz M, Mackiernan Y. MedisGroups data bases: the impact of data collection guidelines on predicting in-hospital mortality. Med Care 1993;31:277-283.
44. Horn SD, Sharkey PD, Buckle JM, Backofen JE, Averill RF, Horn RA. The relationship between severity of illness and hospital length of stay and mortality. Med Care 1991;29:305-317.
45. Averill RF, McGuire TE, Manning BE, Fowler DA, Horn SD, Dickson PS. A study of the relationship between severity of illness and hospital cost in New Jersey hospitals. Health Serv Res 1992;27:587-606.
46. Coffee RM, Goldfarb MKG. DRGs and disease staging for reimbursing Medicare patients. Med Care 1986;24:814-829.
47. Gonnella JS, Hornbrook MC, Louis DZ. Staging of disease. A case-mix measurement. JAMA 1984;251:637-646.
48. The Guide to Hospital Performance. Baltimore, MD: HCIA Inc; 1993.
49. Young WW, Macioce DP. Product line analyses using PMCs versus DRGs. Public Budgeting and Finance Management 1992;4:83-106.
50. Kenkel PJ. Projects serving up a data smorgasbord. Mod Healthc 1993.
51. Gross PA. Severity of illness and other cofounders of quality measurement. In Wenzel R, ed. Assessing Quality Health Care: A Perspective for Clinicians. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1992:101-123.
52. Thomas JW, Ashcraft MLF. Measuring severity of illness: six severity systems and their ability to explain cost variations. Inquiry 1991;28:39-55.
53. Patient classification systems: an evaluation of the state of the art. Vol 1. Case Mix Research. Kingston, Ontario, Canada: Queen's University; 1991.
54. Iezzoni LI, Hotchkin EK, Ash AS, Schwartz M, Mackiernan Y. MedisGroups databases: the impact of data collection guidelines on predicting in-hospital mortality. Med Care 1993;31:277-283.
55. Hayward RA, McMahon LF, Bernard AM. Evaluating the care of general medicine inpatients: how good is implicit review? Ann Intern Med 1993;118:550-556.
56. Wennberg JE. Future directions for small area variations. Med Care 1993;31:YS75-YS80.
57. McMahon LF, Newbold R. Variation in resource use within diagnosis-related groups: the effect of severity of illness and physician practice. Med Care 1986;24:388-397.