Petrographic and diagenetic signatures of climatic change in peri- and postglacial Karoo sediments of SW Tanzania

Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology

Volumn 125, Issue 1-4, 1996, Pages 5-25

  Diekmann, B ^a,b   Wopfner, H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

^b ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBONIFEROUS; DIAGENESIS; PALAEOCLIMATE; PERMIAN; PETROGRAPHY;

TANZANIA;

EID: 0030251293     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0031-0182(95)00084-4     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Basu, A., 1985. Influence of climate and relief on compositions of sands released at source areas. In: G.G. Zuffa (Editor), Provenance of Arenites (NATO ASI Ser. C, 142). Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 1-18.
2. Berner, R.A., 1980. Early Diagenesis. University Press, Princeton, 241 pp.
3. Blatt, H., 1992. Sedimentary Petrology. Freeman, New York, 514pp.
4. Boggs Jr., S., 1987. Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy. Merrill, Columbus, 784 pp.
5. Boutakoff, N., 1948. Les formations glacières et post-glacières fossilifères d'age carbonifère (Karroo inferieure) de la région Walikale (Kivu, Congo Belge). Inst. Géol. Univ. Louvain Mém., 9(2), 124pp.
6. Buchardt, B. and Fritz, P., 1980. Environmental isotopes as environmental and climatological indicators. In: P. Fritz and J.C. Fontes (Editors), Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry. 1. The Terrestrial Environment A. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 473-504.
7. Bühmann, D. and Lepper, J., 1990. Significant mineral variations in the lower Karoo deposits of the Mid-Zambesi Basin, Zimbabwe, and their palaeoenvironmental implications. S. Afr. J. Geol., 93: 744-753.
8. Burley, S., Kantorowicz, J.D. and Waugh, B., 1985. Clastic diagenesis. In: P.J. Brenchley and B.P.J. Williams (Editors), Sedimentology, Recent Developments and Applied Aspects. Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 189-226.
9. Chandler, F.W., 1988. Quartz arenites: Review and interpretation. Sediment. Geol., 58: 105-126.
10. Choquette, P.W. and Pray, L.C., 1970. Geologic nomenclature and classification of porosity in sedimentary carbonates. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. Bull., 54: 207-250.
11. Clarke, F.W., 1924. The data of geochemistry, 5th ed. U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull., 44, 841 pp.
12. Clarke, F.W. and Washington, H.S., 1924. The comparison of the earth's crust. U.S. Geol. Surv. Pap., 127, 117pp.
13. Curtis, C.D., Hughes, C.R., Whiteman, J.A. and Whittle, C.K., 1985. Compositional variation within some sedimentary chlorites and some comments on their origin. Miner. Mag., 49: 375-386.
14. Curtis, C.D., Coleman, M.L. and Love, L.G., 1986. Pore water evolution during sediment burial from isotopic and mineral chemistry of calcite, dolomite, and siderite concretions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 50: 2321-2334.
15. Dansgaard, W., 1964. Stable isotopes in precipitation. Tellus, 4: 436-468.
16. Dickinson, W.R. and Suczek, C.A., 1979. Plate tectonics and sandstone compositions. AAPG Bull., 63: 2164-2182.
17. Diekmann, B., 1993. Paläoklima und glazigene Karoo-Sedimente des späten Paläozoikums in SW-Tansania, Geol. Inst. Univ. Köln Sonderveröff., 90, 193 pp.
18. Dunoyer de Segonzac, G., 1970. The transformation of clay minerals during diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism: A review. Sedimentology, 15: 281-346.
19. Dutta, P.K., 1992. Climatic influence on diagenesis of fluvial sandstones. In: K.H. Wolf and G.V. Chilingarian (Editors), Diagenesis III (Devel. Sedimentol., 47). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 191-251.
20. Dutta, P.K. and Suttner, L.J., 1986. Alluvial sandstone composition and paleoclimate. II. Authigenic mineralogy. J. Sediment. Petrol., 56: 346-358.
21. Dypvik, H. and Nesteby, H., 1992. Mineralogical characteristics of East African ( Karoo and Jurassic/Tertiary?) Rift Valley sediments. J. Afr. Earth Sci., 14: 527-538.
22. Foster, C.B. and Waterhouse, T.B., 1988. The Granulatisporites confluence Oppel-zone and Early Permian marine faunas from The Grant Formation on the Barbwire Terrace, Canning Basin, Western Australia. Aust. J. Earth Sci., 35: 135-157.
23. Frakes, L.A. and Crowell, J.C., 1970. Late Paleozoic glaciation: II, Africa exclusive of the Karoo Basin. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 81: 2261-2286.
24. Franks, S.G. and Forester, R.W., 1984. Relationships among secondary porosity, pore-fluid chemistry and carbon dioxide, Texas Gulf Coast. In: D.A. McDonald and R.C. Surdam (Editors), Clastic Diagenesis. AAPG Mem., 37: 63-79.
25. Füchtbauer, H., 1979. Die Sandsteindiagenese im Spiegel der neueren Literatur. Geol. Rundsch., 68: 1125-1151.
26. Fuchtbauer, H., 1988. Sedimente und Sedimentgesteine. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1141 pp.
27. Gautier, D.L. and Claypool, G.E., 1984. Interpretations of methanic diagenesis in ancient sediments by analogy with processes in modern diagenetic environments. In: D.A. McDonald and R.C. Surdam (Editors), Clastic Diagenesis. AAPG Mem., 37: 111-123.
28. Goldschmidt, V.M., 1933. Grundlagen der quatitativen Geochemie. Fortschr. Miner. Kristall. Petrogr., 17: 1-112.
29. Gravenor, C.P., 1979. The nature of the Late Paleozoic glaciation in Gondwana as determined from analyses of garnets and other heavy minerals. Can. J. Earth Sci,. 16: 1137-1153.
30. Grout, F.F., 1925. Clays and shales of Minnesota. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 36: 393-416.
31. Haq, B.U. and Van Eysinga, F.W.B., 1987. Geological Time Table. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 4th ed.
32. Hayes, J.B., 1970. Polytypism of chlorite in sedimentary rocks. Clays Clay Miner., 18: 285-306.
33. Hubert, J.F., 1960. Petrology of the Fountain and Lyons Formations, Front Range, Colorado. Colo. School Mines Q., 55, 242pp.
34. Irwin, H., Curtis, C. and Coleman, M., 1977. Isotopic evidence for source of diagenetic carbonates formed during burial of organic-rich sediments. Nature, 269: 209-213.
35. Johnsson, M.J., Stallard, R.F. and Meade, R.H., 1988. First-cycle quartz arenites in the Orinoco River basin, Venezuela and Columbia. J. Geol., 96: 263-277.
36. Kaaya, C.Z., 1992. Depositional environment of Late Permian Karoo Beds in the Ruhuhu Basin and Mikumi area of Tanzania. Geol. Inst. Univ. Köln Sonderveröff., 83, 126pp.
37. Konta, J., 1984. Clay substance in the geological history of the earth. Acta Univ. Carol. Geol., 1: 19-54.
38. Kreuser, T., Schramedei, R. and Rullkötter, J., 1988. Gas-prone rocks from cratogene Karoo basins in Tanzania. J. Pet. Geol., 11: 169-184.
39. Kreuser, T., Wopfner, H., Kaaya, C.Z., Markwort, S., Semkiwa, P.Z. and Aslanidis, P., 1990. Depositional evolution of Permo-Triassic Karoo basins in Tanzania with reference to their economic potential. J. Afr. Earth Sci., 10: 151-167.
40. 18O depletion of carbonate rocks in the Permian formations of the Transantarctic Mountains. Chem. Geol., 72: 163-171.
41. Mack, G.H., 1978. The survivability of labile light-mineral grains in fluvial, aeolian, and littoral marine environments: The Permian Cutler and Cedar Mesa Formations, Moab/Utah. Sedimentology, 25: 587-604.
42. Markwort, S., 1991. Sedimentation und Diagenese der triassischen Karoo-Schichten des Ruhuhu-Beckens, Tansania. Geol. Inst. Univ. Köln Sonderveröff., 80, 118 pp.
43. Martin, H., 1981. The Late Palaeozoic Gondwana glaciation. Geol. Rundsch., 70: 480-496.
44. Mason, B. and Moore, C.B., 1982. Principles of Geochemistry. Wiley, New York, 340 pp.
45. Moore, D.M. and Reynolds, R.C., 1989. X-ray diffraction and the identification and analysis of clay minerals. Oxford Univ. Press, 332 pp.
46. Pantin, H.M., 1964. Sedimentation in Milford Sound. In: T.M. Skerman (Editor), Studies of a Southern Fiord. N. Z. Dep. Sci. Ind. Res. Bull., 157: 35-47.
47. Raiswell, R., 1987. Non-steady state microbiological diagenesis and the origin of concretions and nodular limestones. In: J.D. Marshall (Editor), Diagenesis of Sedimentary Sequences. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ., 36: 41-54.
48. Rosenfeld, M.A., 1949. Some aspects of porosity and cementation. Prod. Mon., 13: 39-42.
49. Rust, I.C., 1975. Tectonic and sedimentary framework of Gondwana Basins in southern Africa. In: K.S.W. Campbell (Editor), Gondwana Geology. ANU Press, Canberra, pp. 537-564.
50. Savage, K.M. and Potter, P.E., 1991. Petrology of modern sands of the Rios Guaviare and Inirida, southern Columbia: Tropical climate and sand composition. J. Geol., 99: 289-298.
51. Schmidt, D.L. and Friedman, I., 1974. Continental deposition of Antarctic tillite indicated by carbon and oxygen isotopes. J. Res. U.S. Geol. Surv., 2: 711-715.
52. Schmidt, V. and McDonald, D.A., 1979. The role of secondary porosity in the course of sandstone diagenesis. In: P.A. Scholle and P.R. Schhiger (Editors), Aspects of Diagenesis. SEPM Spec. Publ., 26: 175-207.
53. Semkiwa, P.Z., 1992. Depositional environment and coal petrography of Permian coal deposits in Karoo Basins of SW Tanzania. Geol. Inst. Univ. Köln Sonderveröff, 84, 184pp.
54. Singer, A., 1980. The palaeoclimatic interpretation of clay minerals in soils and weathering profiles. Earth Sci. Rev., 1979/1980: 303-326.
55. Stockley, G.M., 1932. The geology of the Ruhuhu Coalfields, Tanganyika Territory. Geol. Soc. Lond. Q. J., 88: 610-622.
56. Strakhov, N.M., 1967. Principles of Lithogenesis. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1, 245 pp.
57. Suttner, L.J., Basu, A. and Mack, G.H., 1981. Climate and the origin of quartz arenites. J. Sediment. Petrol., 51: 1235-1246.
58. Suttner, L.J. and Dutta, P.K., 1986. Alluvial sandstone composition and paleoclimate, I. framework mineralogy. J. Sediment. Petrol., 56: 329-345.
59. Szulc, J. and Cwizewicz, M., 1989. The Lower Permian freshwater carbonates of the Slakow Graben, southern Poland: Sedimentary facies context and stable isotope study. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 70: 107-120.
60. Visser, J.N.J., 1989. The Permo-Carboniferous Dwyka Formation of Southern Africa: deposition by a predominantly subpolar marine ice sheet. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 70: 377-391.
61. Walker, T.R., 1976. Diagenetic origin of continental red beds. In: H. Falke (Editor), The Continental Permian in Central, West, and South Europe. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 240-282.
62. Wilson, M.D. and Pittman, E.D., 1977. Authigenic clays in sandstones: Recognition and influence on reservoir properties and paleoenvironmental analysis. J. Sediment. Petrol., 47: 3-31.
63. Wopfner, H., 1970. Permian palaeogeography and depositional environment of the Arckaringa Basin, South Australia. In: Proc. Pap. 2nd Gondwana Symp., 1970, Johannesburgh, pp. 32-50.
64. Wopfner, H., 1989. Palaeoclimate and depositional control of the Karoo sequence in southern Tanzania. In: C.R. 11th Congr. Int. Stratigr. Géol. Carbonifère, Beijing, 1987, 4: 89-95.
65. Wopfner, H., 1992. Riftphasen und deren Einfluß auf das Öl-und Gaspotential tansaníascher Karoo-Becken. Zentralbl. Geol. Paläontol., 1, 1991: 2703-2712.
66. Wopfner, H., 1994a. Early Permian deglaciation sequences reflect end of "ice house" conditions in northern Gondwana. Permophiles, 24: 22-23.
67. Wopfner, H., 1994b. The Malagassy Rift, a chasm in the Tethyan margin of Gondwana. J. Asian Earth Sci., 9: 451-461.
68. Wopfner, H. and Diekmann, B., 1992. Neue Ergebnisse aus der spätpaläozoischen Abfolge in der Karoo Tansanías. Zentralbl. Geol. Paläontol., 1, 1991: 2689-2701.
69. Wopfner, H. and Diekmann, B., in press. The late Palaeozoic Idusi Formation of SW Tanzania: A record of change from glacial to postglacial conditions. J. Afr. Earth Sci.
70. Wopfner, H. and Höcker, C.F.W., 1987. The Permian Gröden Sandstone between Bozen and Meran (northern Italy), a habitat of Dawsonite and Nordstrandite. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Paläontol. Monatsh., 1987(3): 161-176.
71. Wopfner, H. and Kreuser, T., 1986. Evidence for Late Palaeozoic glaciation in southern Tanzania. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 56: 259-275.
72. Wopfner, H., Griesecke, S., Koch, J. and Fels, H., 1983. New aspects on metal deposits of the Gröden Sandstone (South Tyrol, Italy). In: H.J. Schneider (Editor), Mineral Deposits of the Alps and of the Alpine Epoch in Europe. Springer, Berlin, pp. 60-69.
73. Ziegler, A.M., 1990. Phytogeographic patterns and continental configurations during the Permian period. In: W.S. McKerrow and C.R. Scotese (Editors), Palaeozoic Palaeogeography and Biogeography. Geol. Soc. Mem. Lond., 12: 75-85.