Charge-changing nuclear reactions of relativistic light-ion beams (5 ≤ Z ≤ 10) passing through thick absorbers

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms

Volumn 117, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 221-234

  Schall, I ^a   Schardt, D ^a   Geissel, H ^a   Irnich, H ^a   Kankeleit, E ^b   Kraft, G ^a   Magel, A ^a   Mohar, M F ^a   Munzenberg G ^a   Nickel, F ^a   Scheidenberger, C ^a   Schwab, W ^a  

^a GSI HELMHOLTZZENTRUM FÜR SCHWERIONENFORSCHUNG GMBH   (Germany)

^b DARMSTADT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM; BORON; DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; ELECTRIC CHARGE; FLUORINE; IONIZATION CHAMBERS; NEON; NITROGEN; OXYGEN; POLYETHYLENES; TARGETS; WATER;

LIGHT ION BEAMS; LUCITE; NUCLEAR CHARGE COMPOSITION; WATER ABSORBER;

ION BEAMS;

EID: 0030244916     PISSN: 0168583X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0168-583X(96)00325-4     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. C.A. Tobias and P.W. Todd, in: Radiobiology and Radiotherapy, National Cancer Institute Monograph No. 24, 1967.
2. P.L. Petti and A.J. Lennox, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 44 (1994) 155.
3. U. Linz (ed.), Ion Beams in Tumor Therapy (Chapman and Hall, London, 1995).
4. J.R. Castro, G.T.Y. Chen and E.A. Blakely, Radiat. Res. 104 (1985) S263.
5. J.I. Fabricant, J.T. Lyman and K.A. Frankel, Radiat. Res. (Suppl. 104) 2 (1985) 244.
6. D.E. Linstad, J.R. Castro and T.L. Philipps, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 20 (1991) 761.
7. K. Kawachi, T. Kanai, M. Endo, Y. Hirao and H. Tsumenoto, J. Jpn. Soc. Ther. Radiol. Oncol. 1 (1989) 19.
8. Y. Hirao, H. Ogawa, S. Yamada, Y. Sato, T. Yamada, K. Sato, A. Itano, M. Kanazawa, K. Noda, M. Kawachi, M. Endo, T. Kanai, T. Kohno, M. Sudou, S. Minohara, A. Kitagawa, F. Soga, E. Takada, S. Watanabe, K. Endo, M. Kumada and S. Matsumoto, Nucl. Phys. A 538 (1992) 541 c.
9. T. Kanai and E. Takada (eds.), Proc. NIRS Int. Seminar on the Application of Heavy Ion Accelerators to Radiation Therapy of Cancer, in connection with XXI PTCOG Meeting, Nov. 14-16, 1994, NIRS, Chiba, Japan.
10. I. Schall, D. Schardt, H. Geissel, G. Kraft, A. Magel, M.F. Mohar, G. Münzenberg, F. Nickel, C. Scheidenberger, W. Schwab, E. Kankeleit and A. Fukumura, Radiat. Eff. and Def. in Solids 126 (1993) 385.
11. P. Frier, E.J. Lofgren, E.P. Ney and F. Oppenheimer, Phys. Rev. 74 (1949) 1818; H.L. Bradt, ibid. 74 (1949) 213.
12. P. Frier, E.J. Lofgren, E.P. Ney and F. Oppenheimer, Phys. Rev. 74 (1949) 1818; H.L. Bradt, ibid. 74 (1949) 213.
13. A.S. Goldhaber and H.H. Heckman, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 28 (1978) 161.
14. E.M. Friedlander and H.H. Heckman, in: Treatise on Heavy-ion Science, vol. 4, ed. D.A. Bromley (Plemum, New York, 1985) p. 403.
15. W. Schimmerling, K.G. Vosburgh and P.W. Todd, Science 174 (1971) 1123.
16. H.D. Maccabee and M.A. Ritter, Radiat. Res. 60 (1974) 409.
17. W. Schimmerling, J. Miller, M. Wong, M. Rapkin, J. Howard, H.G. Spieler and B.V. Jarret, Radiat. Res. 120 (1989) 36.
18. W. Schimmerling, T.S. Subramanian, W.J. McDonald, S.N. Kaplan, A. Sadoff and G. Gabor, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. 205 (1983) 531.
19. W. Schimmerling, M. Rapkin, M. Wong and J. Howard, Med. Phys. 13 (1986) 217.
20. M.R. Shavers, S.B. Curds, J. Miller and W. Schimmerling, Radiat. Res. 124 (1990) 117.
21. M.R. Shavers, K. Frankel, J. Miller, W. Schimmerling, L.W. Townsend and J.W. Wilson, Radiat. Res. 136 (1993) 1.
22. J.W. Wilson, H.B. Bidasaria, J. Howard, W. Schimmerling, L.W. Townsend and M. Wong, Health Phys. 46 (1984) 1101.
23. J.W. Wilson, L.W. Townsend, S.L. Lamkin and B.D. Ganapol, Radiat. Res. 122 (1990) 223.
24. J. Llacer, C.A. Tobias, W.R. Holley and T. Kanai, Med. Phys. 11 (1984) 266.
25. J. Llacer, J.B. Schmidt and C.A. Tobias, Med. Phys. 17 (1990) 151.
26. J. Llacer, J.B. Schmidt and C.A. Tobias, Med. Phys. 17 (1990) 158.
27. G.D. Westfall, L.W. Wilson, P.J. Lindstrom, H.J. Crawford, D.E. Greiner and H.H Heckman, Phys. Rev. C 19 (1979) 1309.
28. D.L. Olson, B.L. Berman, D.E. Greiner, H.H. Heckman, P.J. Lindstrom and H.J. Crawford, Phys. Rev. C 28 (1983) 1602.
29. J.M. Kidd, P.J. Lindstrom, H.J. Crawford and G. Woods, Phys. Rev. C 37 (1988) 2613.
30. W.R. Webber, J.C. Kish and D.A. Schrier, Phys. Rev. C 41 (1990) 520; W.R. Webber, J.C. Kish and D.A. Schrier, ibid. C 41 (1990) 533; W.R. Webber, J.C. Kish and D.A. Schrier, ibid. C 41 (1990) 547.
31. W.R. Webber, J.C. Kish and D.A. Schrier, Phys. Rev. C 41 (1990) 520; W.R. Webber, J.C. Kish and D.A. Schrier, ibid. C 41 (1990) 533; W.R. Webber, J.C. Kish and D.A. Schrier, ibid. C 41 (1990) 547.
32. W.R. Webber, J.C. Kish and D.A. Schrier, Phys. Rev. C 41 (1990) 520; W.R. Webber, J.C. Kish and D.A. Schrier, ibid. C 41 (1990) 533; W.R. Webber, J.C. Kish and D.A. Schrier, ibid. C 41 (1990) 547.
33. J.R. Cummings, W.R. Binns, T.L. Garrard, M.H. Israel, J. Klarmann, E.C. Stone and C.J. Waddington, Phys. Rev. C 42 (1990) 2508.
34. C.J. Zeitlin, K.A. Frankel, W. Gong, L. Heilbronn, E.J. Lampo, R. Leres, J. Miller and W. Schimmerling, Radiat. Meas. 23 (1994) 65.
35. C. Brechtmann and W. Heinrich, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 29 (1988) 675.
36. J. Dreute, W. Heinrich, G. Rusch and B. Wiegel, Phys. Rev. C 44 (1991) 1057.
37. G. Kraft and G. Gademann (eds.), Einrichtung einer experimentellen Strahlentherapie bei der GSI Darmstadt, GSI Report 93-23 (May 1993).
38. H. Geissel, P. Armbruster, K.-H. Behr, A. Brühnle, K. Burkhard, M. Chen, H. Folger, B. Franczak, H. Keller, O. Klepper, B. Langenbeck, F. Nickel, E. Pfeng, M. Pfuetzner, E. Roeckl, K. Rykaczewski, I. Schall, D. Schardt, C. Scheidenberger, K.-H. Schmidt, A. Schrǒter, T. Schwab, K. Sümmerer, M. Weber, G. Munzenberg, T. Brohm, H.G. Clerc, M. Fauerbach, J.-J. Gaimard, A. Grewe, E. Hanelt, B. Knödler, M. Steiner, B. Voss, J. Weckenmann, C. Ziegler, A. Magel, H. Wollnick, J.P. Dufour, Y. Fujita, D.J. Viera and B. Sherrill, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 70 (1992) 286.
39. J.P. Dufour, R. Del Moral, H. Emmermann, F. Hubert, D. Jaen, C. Poinot, M.S. Pravikoff, A. Fleury, H. Delagrange and K.-H. Schmidt, Nucl, Instr. and Meth. A 248 (1986) 267.
40. M. Pfützner, H. Geissel, G. Munzenberg, F. Nickel, Ch. Scheidenberger, K.-H. Schmidt, K. Sümmerer, T. Brohm, B. Voss and H. Bichsel, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 86 (1994) 213.
41. H.G. Essel, H. Grein, T. Kroll, W. Kynast, M. Richter, H. Sohlbach, W. Spreng and K. Winkelmann, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-34(4) (1987) 907.
42. D.E. Greiner, P.J. Lindstrom, H.H. Heckman, B. Cork and F.S. Beiser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 35 (1975) 152.
43. H.H. Heckmann, D.E. Greiner, P.J. Lindstrom and H. Shwe, Phys. Rev. C 17 (1976) 1735.
44. L. Sihver, C.H. Tsao, R. Silberberg, T. Kanai and A.F. Barghouty, Phys. Rev. C 47 (1993) 1225.
45. H.L. Bradt and B. Peters, Phys. Rev. 77 (1950) 54.
46. L.W. Townsend and J.W. Wilson, Radiat. Res. 106 (1986) 283.
47. J.W. Wilson, L.W. Townsend and F.F. Badavi, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 18 (1987) 225.
48. S. Kox, Phys. Rev. C 35 (1987) 1678.
49. K. Sümmerer, W. Brüchle, D.J. Morissey, M. Schädel, B. Szweryn and Yang Weifan, Phys. Rev. C 42 (1990) 2546.
50. R. Silberberg and C.H. Tsao, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 25 (1973) 315; ibid. 25 (1973) 335.
51. R. Silberberg and C.H. Tsao, Astrophys. J. Suppl. 25 (1973) 315; ibid. 25 (1973) 335.
52. C.H. Tsao, R. Silberberg, A.F. Barghouty, L. Sihver and T. Kanai, Phys. Rev. C 47 (1993) 1257.
53. M.M. Shapiro and R. Silberberg, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Sci. 20 (1970) 323.
54. O.C. Allkofer and W. Heinrich, Nucl. Phys. B 71 (1974) 429.
55. J.W. Wilson, L.W. Townsend and F. Badavi, Radiat. Res. 109 (1987) 173.
56. J.W. Wilson, L.W. Townsend, W. Schimmerling, G.S. Khandelwal, F. Khan, J.E. Nealy, F.A. Cucinotta, L.C. Simonsen, J.L. Shinn and J.W. Norbury, NASA Report No. 1257, Washington, DC (1991).
57. Review of particle properties, Phys. Lett. 239 (1990) Sect. III.28.
58. T. Brohm and K.-H. Schmidt, Nucl. Phys. A 569 (1994) 821.
59. F.A. Cucinotta, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 48 (1994) 1401.
60. J.W. Wilson, F.A. Cucinotta, H. Tai, J.L. Shin, S.Y. Chun, R.K. Tripathi and L. Sihver, Fifth Workshop on Heavy Charged Particles in Biology and Medicine, GSI, Darmstadt, Aug. 23-25, 1995; GSI Report 95-10, p. 193.
61. J.W. Wilson, R.K. Tripathi, F.A. Cucinotta, J.L. Shinn, F.F. Badavi, S.Y. Chun, J.W. Norbury, C.J. Zeitlin, L. Heilbronn and J. Miller, NASA TP-3533 (1995).
62. W. Heinrich, Radiat. Eff. 40 (1979) 167.
63. J.W. Wilson, M. Reginatto, F. Hajnal and S.Y. Chun, Health Phys. 68 (1995) 532.
64. L. Sihver, D. Schardt and T. Kanai, GSI Scientific Report 1993 (1994) p. 233.