Detection of He+ Layering in the topside ionosphere over Arecibo during equinox solar minimum conditions

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 23, Issue 18, 1996, Pages 2509-2512

  Gonzalez, Sixto A ^a   Sulzer, Michael P ^a  

^a ARECIBO OBSERVATORY   (Puerto Rico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DATA HANDLING; F REGION; HELIUM; IONOSPHERE; IONOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT; RADAR; HYDROGEN; MONITORING; SCATTERING; SOLAR ENERGY;

ALTITUDE DISTRIBUTIONS; ALTITUDE VARIATION; AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION EQUATION; HEIGHT VARIATION; INCOHERENT SCATTER RADAR MEASUREMENTS; NIGHT-TIME IONOSPHERE; NON-LINEAR LEAST SQUARES; TOP-SIDE IONOSPHERE;

IONS; IONOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT;

EQUINOX SOLAR MINIMUM CONDITIONS; HELIUM LAYERING; TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE;

EID: 0030244825     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/96GL02212     Document Type: Article

References (14)

1. Carlson, H. C., and W. E. Gordon, Radar spectrographic estimates of ionic composition from 225 to 1400 kilometers for solar minimum winter and summer conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 71, 5573-5578, 1966.
2. Erickson, P. J., and W. E. Swartz, Mid-latitude incoherent scatter observations of helium and hydrogen ions, Geophys. Res. Letters, 21, 2745-2748, 1994.
3. Farley, D. T., Ionospheric temperature and composition measurements at the magnetic equator, Ann. de Geophysique, 22, 448-453, 1966.
4. Farley, D. T., Incoherent scattering at radio frequencies, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 32, 693-704, 1969.
5. Farley, D. T., Early incoherent scatter observations at Jicamarca, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 53, 655-675, 1991.
6. Parley, D. T., J. P. McClure, D. L. Sterling, and J. L. Green, Temperature and composition of the equatorial ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 5837-5851, 1967.
7. González, S. A., Radar, satellite, and modelling studies of the low latitude protonosphere. PhD thesis, Utah State University, Logan, Ut., 1994.
8. González, S. A., B. G. Fejer, R. A. Heelis, and W. B. Hanson, Ion composition of the topside equatorial ionosphere during solar minimum, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 4299-4303, 1992.
9. Greenspan, M. E., W. J. Burke, P. J. Rich, W. J. Hughes, and R. A. Heelis, DMSP F8 observations of the mid-latitude and low-latitude topside ionosphere near solar minimum, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3817-3826, 1994.
10. He, X., Hydrogen escape from the Earth's atmosphere. PhD thesis, Boston University, Boston, Ma., 1995.
11. α measurements with radiative transfer theory, J. Geophys. Res., pages 21611-21626, 1993.
12. + at middle and equatorial latitudes during solar maximum, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 10313-10320, 1990.
13. Ho, M. C., and D. R. Moorcroft, Hydrogen density and proton flux in the topside ionosphere over Arecibo P. R. from incoherent scatter observations, Planet. Space Sci., 19, 1441-1455, 1971.
14. Huuskonen, A., and M. S. Lehtinen, The accuracy of incoherent scatter measurements: error estimates valid for high signal levels, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 453-463, 1996.