Traits can be powerful, but are not enough: Lessons from subjective well-being

Journal of Research in Personality

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 389-399

  Diener, Ed ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030242175     PISSN: 00926566     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jrpe.1996.0027     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Ahadi, S., & Diener, E. (1989). Multiple determinants and effect size. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 398-406.
2. Argyle, M. (1987). The psychology of happiness. London: Methuen.
3. Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The quality of American life. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
4. Costa, P., & McCrae, R. R. (1980). Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 668-678.
5. Costa, P., McCrae, R., & Zonderman, A. (1987). Environmental and dispositional influences on well-being: Longitudinal follow-up of an American national sample. British Journal of Psychology, 78, 299-306.
6. Davidson, R. J., & Fox, N. A. (1982). Asymmetrical brain activity discriminates between positive versus negative affective stimuli in human infants. Science, 218, 1235-1237.
7. Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575.
8. Diener, E. (1996). Subjective well-being in cross-cultural perspective. In H. Grad, A. Blanco, & J. Georgas (Eds.), Key issues in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 319-330). Lisse, Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger.
9. Diener, E., & Diener, C. (1996). Most people are happy. Psychological Science, 7, 181-185.
10. Diener, E., Diener, C., & Diener, M. (1995). Factors predicting the subjective well-being of nations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 851-864.
11. Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1995). Resources, personal strivings, and subjective well-being: A nomothetic and ideographic approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 926-935.
12. Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1996). The beautiful theory and the ugly facts: Imposed social comparisons and subjective well-being. In B. Buunk & R. Gibbons (Eds.), Health, coping, and social comparison, in press.
13. Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. (1984). Temporal stability and cross-situational consistency of affective, behavioral, and cognitive responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 871-883.
14. Diener, E., & Larsen, R. J. (1993). The experience of emotional well-being. In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 405-415). New York: Guilford Press.
15. Diener, E., Sandvik, E., Pavot, W., & Fujita, F. (1992). Extraversion and subjective well-being in a U.S. national probability sample. Journal of Research in Personality, 26, 205-215.
16. Diener, E., Sandvik, E., Seidlitz, L., & Diener, M. (1993). The relationship between income and subjective well-being: Relative or absolute? Social Indicators Research, 28, 195-223.
17. Diener, E., Wolsic, B., & Fujita, F. (1995). Physical attractiveness and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 120-129.
18. Emmons, R. A. (1986). Personal strivings: An approach to personality and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1058-1068.
19. Emmons, R. A. (1995). Levels and domains in personality: An introduction. Journal of Personality, 63, 341-364.
20. Emmons, R. A., & Diener, E. (1985). Personality correlates of subjective well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 11, 89-97.
21. Fujita, F. (1993). An investigation of the relation between extraversion, neuroticism, positive affect, and negative affect. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Illinois.
22. Fujita, F., Diener, E., & Gallagher, D. (1994). The effects of naturalistic social comparison on subjective well-being. Manuscript submitted for publication.
23. Green, D. P., Goldman, S., & Salovey, P. (1993). Measurement error masks bipolarity in affect ratings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 1029-1041.
24. Headey, B., & Wearing, A. (1992). Understanding happiness: A theory of subjective well-being. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire.
25. Kagan, J., Snidman, N., & Arcus, D. M. (1992). Initial reactions to unfamiliarity. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1, 171-174.
26. Kahneman, D., Fredrickson, B. L., Schreiber, C. A., & Redelmeier, D. A. (1993). When more pain is preferred to less: Adding a better end. Psychological Science, 4, 401-405.
27. Kammann, R. (1983). Objective circumstances, life satisfactions, and sense of well-being: Consistencies across time and place. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 12, 14-22.
28. Kozma, A., DiFazio, R., Stones, M. J., & Hannah, T. E. (1992). Long- and short-term affective states in happiness: Age and sex comparisons. Social Indicators Research, 27, 293-309.
29. Lykken, D., & Tellegen, A. (1996). Happiness is a stochastic phenomenon. Psychological Science, 1, 186-189.
30. Magnus, K., & Diener, E. (1991, May). A longitudinal analysis of personality, life events, and subjective well-being. Paper presented at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago.
31. Magnus, K., Diener, E., Fujita, F., & Pavot, W. (1993). Extraversion and neuroticism as predictors of objective life events: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1046-1053.
32. McGue, M., & Lykken, D. T. (1992). Genetic influence on risk of divorce. Psychological Science, 3, 368-373.
33. Mischel, W. (1968). Personality and assessment. New York: Wiley.
34. Mischel, W, & Shoda, Y. (1995). A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure. Psychological Review, 102, 246-268.
35. Myers, D. G. (1992). The pursuit of happiness: Who is happy - and why. New York: William Morrow.
36. Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995). Who is happy? Psychological Sciences, 6, 10-19.
37. Okun, M. A. & George, L. K. (1984). Physician- and self-ratings of health, neuroticism, and subjective well-being among men and women. Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 533-539.
38. Pavot, W., Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1990). Extraversion and happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1299-1306.
39. Plomin, R., & Neiderhiser, J. M. (1992). Genetics and experience. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1, 160-163.
40. Schwarz, N., & Strack, F. (1991). Evaluating one's life: A judgment model of subjective well-being. In F. Strack, M. Argyle, & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Subjective well-being: An interdisciplinary perspective (pp. 27-48). Oxford, England: Pergamon Press.
41. Silver, R. L. (1980). Coping with an undesirable life event: A study of early reactions to physical disability. Doctoral Dissertation, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
42. Stones, M. J., & Kozma, A. (1986). Happy are they who are happy: A test between two causal models of relationships between happiness and its correlates. Experimental Aging Research, 12, 23-29.
43. Suh, E., Diener, E., & Fujita, F. (1996). Events and subjective well-being: Only recent events matter. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1091-1102.
44. Teilegen, A., Lykken, D. T., Bouchard, T. J., Wilcox, K. J., Segal, N. L., & Rich, S. (1988). Personality similarity in twins reared apart and together. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1031-1039.
45. Thomas, D., & Diener, E. (1990). Memory accuracy in the recall of emotions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 291-297.
46. Vitaliano, P. P., Russo, J., Young, H. M., Becker, J., & Maiuro, R. D. (1991). The screen for caregiver burden, The Gerontologist, 31, 76-83.
47. Watson, D., & Walker, L. M. (1996). The long-term stability and predictive validity of trait measures of affect, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 567-577.