Use of landslides for paleoseismic analysis

Engineering Geology

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 291-323

  Jibson, Randall W ^a  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EARTHQUAKES; ENGINEERING GEOLOGY; FORECASTING; SEISMOLOGY;

PALEOSEISMIC ANALYSIS; SEISMIC HISTORY;

LANDSLIDES;

HAZARD ANALYSIS; LANDSLIDE; LANDSLIDE ANALYSIS; PALAEOSEISMICITY;

EID: 0030238361     PISSN: 00137952     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0013-7952(96)00039-7     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. Adam, D.P., 1975. A late Holocene pollen record from Pearson's Pond, Weeks Creek landslides, San Francisco Peninsula, California. US Geol. Surv. J. Res., 3: 721-731.
2. Adams, J., 1980. Contemporary uplift and erosion of the Southern Alps, New Zealand: Summary. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., Part I, 91: 2-4.
3. Adams, J., 1981a. Earthquake-dammed lakes in New Zealand. Geology, 9: 215-219.
4. Adams, J., 1981b. Earthquakes, landslides, and large dams in New Zealand. Bull. NZ Natl. Soc. Earthquake Eng., 14(2): 93-95.
5. Adams, J., 1990. Paleoseismicity of the Cascadia subduction zone: Evidence from turbidites off the Oregon-Washington margin. Tectonics, 9: 569-583.
6. Allen, J.R.L., 1986. Earthquake magnitude-frequency, epicentral distance, and soft-sediment deformation in sedimentary basins. Sedimentary Geol., 46: 67-75.
7. Andrews, D.J. and Bucknam, R.C., 1987. Fitting degradation of shoreline scarps by a model with nonlinear diffusion. J. Geophys. Res., 92: 12857-12867.
8. Andrews, D.J. and Hanks, T.C., 1985. Scarps degraded by linear diffusion: inverse solution for age. J. Geophys. Res., 90, 10193-10208.
9. Arias, A., 1970. A measure of earthquake intensity. In Hansen, R.J., ed., Seismic design for nuclear power plants. Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, pp. 438-483.
10. Atwater, B.F., 1987. Evidence of great Holocene earthquakes along the outer coast of Washington State. Science, 236, 942-944.
11. Beck, A.C., 1968. Gravity faulting as a mechanism of topographic adjustment. NZ J. Geol. Geophys., 11, 191-199.
12. Bégin, C. and Filion, L., 1985. Analyse dendrochronologique d'un glissement de terrain de la région du Lac à l'Eau Claire (Québec nordique). Can J. Earth Sci., 22, 175-182 (in French).
13. Birkeland, P.W., 1984. Soils and geomorphology. New York, Oxford University Press, 372 pp.
14. Birkeland, P.W., Machette, M.N. and Haller, K.M., 1991. Soils as a tool for applied Quaternary geology. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Miscellaneous Publication 91-3, 63 pp.
15. Bovis, M.J., 1982. Uphill-facing (antislope) scarps in the Coast Mountains, southwest British Columbia. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 93: 804-812.
16. Brune, J.N., 1996. Precariously balanced rocks and ground-motion maps for southern California. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 86(1A): 43-54.
17. Brunsden, D. and Prior, D.B., 1984. Slope instability. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 620 pp.
18. Bucknam, R.C. and Anderson, R.E., 1979. Estimation of fault-scarp ages from a scarp-height-slope-angle relationship. Geology, 7: 11-14.
19. Bull, W.B., 1996. Prehistorical earthquakes on the Alpine fault, New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res., 101 (B3): 6037-6050.
20. Bull, W.B., Cowan, H.A. and Pettinga, J.R., 1991. New ways of dating earthquakes on two segments of the oblique-slip Hope fault, New Zealand. Geol. Soc. Am., Abstracts with Programs, 23(5): A431.
21. Burrows, C.J., 1975. A 500-year-old landslide in the Acheron River valley, Canterbury (Note). NZ J. Geol. Geophys., 18: 357-360.
22. Chinn, T.J.H., 1981. Use of rock weathering-rind thickness for Holocene absolute age-dating in New Zealand. Arctic Alpine Res., 13: 33-45.
23. Christiansen, E.A., 1983. The Denholm landslide, Saskatchewan. Part I: Geology. Can. Geotech. J., 20: 197-207.
24. Clark, B.R. and Cole, W.F., 1992. Importance of accurate geological characterization in the analysis of seismically triggered landslides. In: M.L. Stout (Editor), Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association of Engineering Geologists, Long Beach, CA, pp. 469-472.
25. Colman, S.M. and Watson, K., 1983. Ages estimated from a diffusion equation model for scarp degradation. Science, 221, 263-265.
26. Conrad, T.A., 1856. Observations of the Eocene deposit of Jackson, Miss., with descriptions of 34 new species of shells and corals. Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, Proceedings, 1855, 1st ser., 7: 257-258.
27. Costa, J.E. and Schuster, R.L., 1991. Documented historical landslide dams from around the world. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-239, 486 pp.
28. Crozier, M.J., 1992. Determination of paleoseismicity from landslides. In: D.H. Bell (Editor), Landslides (Glissements de terrain), International Symposium, 6th, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1992, Proceedings: Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, 2: 1173-1180.
29. Dietrich, W.E. and Dorn, R., 1984. Significance of thick deposits of colluvium on hillslopes: A case study involving the use of pollen analysis in the coastal mountains of northern California. J. Geol., 92: 147-158.
30. Dobry, R., Idriss, I.M. and Ng, E., 1978. Duration characteristics of horizontal components of strong-motion earthquake records. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 68: 1487-1520.
31. Doig, R., 1986. A method for determining the frequency of large-magnitude earthquakes using lake sediments. Can. J. Earth Sci., 23: 930-937.
32. El-Isa, Z.H. and Mustafa, H., 1986. Earthquake deformations in the Lisan deposits and seismotectonic implications. Royal Astronom. Soc. Geophys. J., 86: 413-424.
33. Field, M.E., Gardner, J.V., Jennings, A.E. and Edwards, B.D., 1982. Earthquake-induced sediment failures on a 0.25° slope, Klamath River delta, California. Geology, 10: 542-546.
34. Forti, P. and Postpischl, D., 1984. Seismotectonic and paleoseismic analyses using karst sediments. Mar. Geol., 55: 145-161.
35. Franks, J.W. and Johnson, R.H., 1964. Pollen analytical dating of a Derbyshire landslide. New Phytol., 63: 209-216.
36. Fuller, M.L., 1912. The New Madrid earthquake. US Geol. Surv. Bull. 494, 120 pp.
37. Gedney, D.S. and Weber, W.G., Jr., 1978. Design and construction of soil slopes. In: R.L. Schuster and R.J. Krizek (Editors), Landslides - Analysis and Control: Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, Special Report 176, pp. 172-191.
38. Goodman, R.E. and Seed, H.B., 1966. Earthquake-induced displacements in sand embankments. American Society of Civil Engineers. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 92(SM2): 125-146.
39. Hadley, D.M., Hawkins, H.G. and Benuska, K.L., 1983. Strong ground motion record of the 16 September 1978 Tabas, Iran, earthquake. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 73(1): 315-320.
40. Hamilton, R.M. and Johnston, A.C., 1990. Tecumseh's prophecy - Preparing for the next New Madrid earthquake. US Geol. Surv. Circ. 1066, 30 pp.
41. Hansen, W.R., 1965. Effects of the earthquake of March 27, 1964, at Anchorage, Alaska. US Geol. Surv. Professional Paper 542-A, 68 pp.
42. Hanks, T.C. and Johnston, A.C., 1992. Common features of the excitation and propagation of strong ground motion for North American earthquakes. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 82: 1-23.
43. Harp, E.L. and Wilson, R.C., 1989. Shaking intensity thresholds for seismically induced landslides. Geol. Soc. Am. Abstracts with Programs, 21(5): 90.
44. Harp, E.L. and Wilson, R.C., 1995. Shaking intensity thresholds for rock falls and slides: evidence from 1987 Whittier Narrows and Superstition Hills earthquake strong-motion records. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 85: 1739-1757.
45. Heezen, B.C. and Ewing, M., 1952. Turbidity currents and submarine slumps, and the 1929 Grand Banks earthquake. Am. J. Sci., 250: 849-873.
46. Hempton, M.R. and Dewey, J.F., 1983. Earthquake-induced deformational structures in young lacustrine sediments, East Anatolian Fault, southeast Turkey. Tectonophysics, 98: T7-T14.
47. Hunt, C.B., 1975. Death Valley: Geology, Ecology, and Archeology. Berkeley, University of California Press, 234 pp.
48. Hupp, C.R., Osterkamp, W.R. and Thornton, J.L., 1987. Dendrogeomorphic evidence and dating of recent debris flows on Mount Shasta, northern California. US Geol. Surv. Professional Paper 1396-B, 39 pp.
49. Jacoby, G.C., Williams, P.L. and Buckley, B.M., 1992. Tree ring correlation between prehistoric landslides and abrupt tectonic events in Seattle, Washington. Science, 258: 1621-1623.
50. Jahn, A., 1964. Slopes morphological features resulting from gravitation. Zschr. Geomorphol, Suppl., 5: 59-72.
51. Jensen, J.M., 1983. The Upper Gros Ventre landslide of Wyoming: A dendrochronology of landslide events and the possible mechanics of failure. Geol. Soc. Am., Abstracts with Programs, 15(5): 387.
52. Jibson, R.W., 1985. Landslides caused by the 1811-12 New Madrid earthquakes. Stanford, CA, Stanford University, Ph.D. dissertation, 232 pp.
53. Jibson, R.W., 1993. Predicting earthquake-induced landslide displacements using Newmark's sliding block analysis. Transportation Res. Record no. 1411: 9-17.
54. Jibson, R.W. and Keefer, D.K., 1988. Landslides triggered by earthquakes in the central Mississippi Valley, Tennessee and Kentucky. US Geol. Surv. Professional Paper 1336-C, 24 pp.
55. Jibson, R.W. and Keefer, D.K., 1989. Statistical analysis of factors affecting landslide distribution in the New Madrid seismic zone, Tennessee and Kentucky. Eng. Geol., 27: 509-542.
56. Jibson, R.W. and Keefer, D.K., 1992. Analysis of the seismic origin of a landslide in the New Madrid seismic zone. Seismol. Res. Lett., 63: 427-437.
57. Jibson, R.W. and Keefer, D.K., 1993. Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides - Examples from the New Madrid seismic zone. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 105: 421-436.
58. Jibson, R.W., Prentice, C.S., Borissoff, B.A., Rogozhin, E.A. and Langer, C.J., 1994. Some observations of landslides triggered by the 29 April 1991 Racha earthquake, Republic of Georgia. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 84: 963-973.
59. Johnson, R.H., 1987. Dating of ancient, deep-seated landslides in temperate regions. In: M.G. Anderson and K.S. Richards (Editors), Slope Stability: New York, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 561-600.
60. Jones, G.D.B. and Thompson, F.H., 1965. Excavations at Mam Tor and Brough-en-Noe. Derbyshire Archeol. J., 85: 89-93.
61. Kastens, K.A., 1984. Earthquakes as a triggering mechanism for debris flows and turbidites on the Calabrian ridge. Mar. Geol., 55: 13-33.
62. Keefer, D.K., 1984. Landslides caused by earthquakes. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 95: 406-421.
63. Keefer, D.K. and Wilson, R.C., 1989. Predicting earthquake-induced landslides, with emphasis on arid and semi-arid environments In: P.M. Sadler and D.M. Morton (Editors), Landslides in a Semi-Arid Environment: Riverside, CA, Inland Geological Society, 2: 118-149.
64. Keefer, D.K., Wilson, R.C., Harp, E.L. and Lips, E.W., 1985. The Borah Peak, Idaho earthquake of October 28, 1983 - landslides. Earthquake Spectra, 2: 91-125.
65. Knuepfer, P.L.K., 1988. Estimating ages of late Quaternary stream terraces from analysis of weathering rinds and soils. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 100: 1224-1236.
66. Lambe, T.W. and Whitman, R.V., 1969. Soil Mechanics. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 553 pp.
67. Lee, H.J. and Edwards, B.D., 1986. Regional method to assess offshore slope stability. J. Geotech. Eng., 112: 489-509.
68. Logan, R.L. and Schuster, R.L., 1991. Lakes divided: The origin of Lake Crescent and Lake Sutherland, Clallam County, Washington. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Washington Geology, 19(1): 38-42.
69. Mayer, L., 1984. Dating Quaternary fault scarps in alluvium using morphological parameters. Quaternary Res., 22: 300-313.
70. McCalpin, J.P., 1984. Preliminary age classification of landslides for inventory mapping. Engineering Geology and Soils Engineering Symposium, 21st, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 1984, Proceedings, pp. 99-120.
71. McCalpin, J.P., 1986. Relative dating and age classification of landslides. Association of Engineering Geologists, Abstracts and Program, 29th Annual Meeting, San Francisco, pp. 56.
72. McCalpin, J.P., 1989. Prehistoric earthquake-induced landslides along the Awatere fault, South Island, New Zealand. Association of Engineering Geologists, Abstract and Program, 32nd Annual Meeting, Vail, Colorado, pp. 94.
73. McCalpin, J.P., 1992. Glacial and postglacial geology near Lake Tennyson, Clarence River, New Zealand. NZ J. Geol. Geophys., 35: 201-210.
74. 2 area, middle Rocky Mountains. In: International Conference and Field Workshop on Landslides, 5th, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1987, Proceedings, pp. 137-146.
75. McGee, W.J., 1891. The Lafayette Formation. US Geological Survey 12th Annual Report, pt. 1, pp. 387-521.
76. Morton, D.M. and Sadler, P.M., 1989. Landslides flanking the northeastern Peninsular Ranges and in the San Gorgonio Pass area of southern California. In: P.M. Sadler and D.M. Morton (Editors), Landslides in a Semi-arid Environment. Riverside, CA, Inland Geological Society, 2: 338-355.
77. Mutti, E., Lucchi, F.R., Seguret, M. and Zanzucchi, G., 1984. Seismoturbidites: A new group of resedimented deposits. Mar. Geol., 55: 103-116.
78. Nash, D.B., 1980. Morphological dating of degraded normal fault scarps. J. Geol., 88: 353-360.
79. Naumann, C.M. and Savigny, K.W., 1992. Large rock avalanches and seismicity in southwestern British Columbia, Canada. In: D.H. Bell (Editor), Landslides (Glissements de terrain), International Symposium, 6th, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1992, Proceedings: Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, 2: 1187-1192.
80. Newmark, N.M., 1965. Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments. Geotechnique, 15(2): 139-160.
81. Nikonov, A.A., 1988. Reconstruction of the main parameters of old large earthquakes in Soviet Central Asia using the paleoseismogeological method. Tectonophysics, 147: 297-312.
82. Nikonov, A.A. and Shebalina, T.Y., 1979. Lichenometry and earthquake age determination in central Asia. Nature, 280: 675-677.
83. Nuttli, O.W., 1973. The Mississippi Valley earthquakes of 1811 and 1812: Intensities, ground motion, and magnitudes. Seismol. Soc. Am. Bull., 63: 227-248.
84. Nuttli, O.W., 1983. Average seismic source-parameter relations for mid-plate earthquakes. Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 73(2): 519-535.
85. Oelfke, J.G. and Butler, D.R., 1985. Lichenometric dating of calcareous landslide deposits, Glacier National Park, Montana. Northwest Geol., 17: 7-10.
86. Osterkamp, W.R. and Hupp, C.R., 1987. Dating and interpretation of debris flows by geologic and botanical methods at Whitney Creek Gorge, Mount Shasta, California. In: J.E. Costa and G.F. Wieczorek (Editors), Debris flows/avalanches: Process, recognition, and mitigation: Geological Society of America. Rev. Eng. Geol., 7: 157-164.
87. Perissoratis, C., Mitropoulos, D. and Angelopoulos, I., 1984. The role of earthquakes in inducing sediment mass movements in the eastern Korinthiakos Gulf. An example from the February 24-March 4, 1981 activity. Mar. Geol., 55: 35-45.
88. Perrin, N.D. and Hancox, G.T., 1992. Landslide-dammed lakes in New Zealand - Preliminary studies on their distribution, causes and effects. In: D.H. Bell (Editor), Landslides (Glissements de terrain), International Symposium, 6th, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1992, Proceedings: Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, 2: 1457-1466.
89. Plaziat, J.C., Purser, B.H. and Philobbos, E., 1990. Seismic deformation structures (seismites) in the syn-rift sediments of the NW Red Sea (Egypt). Bull. Soc. Géol. France, ser. 8, 6: 419-434.
90. Potter, P.E., 1955. The petrology and origin of the Lafayette Gravel, part II, geomorphic history. J. Geol., 63(2): 115-132.
91. Pratt, B.R., 1992. Shrinkage features ("molar tooth" structure) in Proterozoic limestones-New model for their origin through synsedimentary earthquake-induced dewatering (abstract). Geol. Soc. Am., Abstracts with Programs, 24(7): 53.
92. Pratt, B.R., 1994. Seismites in the Mesoproterozoic Altyn Formation (Belt Supergroup), Montana: A test for tectonic control of peritidal carbonate cyclicity. Geology, 22: 1091-1094.
93. Reeder, J.W., 1979. The dating of landslides in Anchorage, Alaska - A case for earthquake-triggered movements. Geol. Soc. Am., Abstracts with Programs, 11(7): 501.
94. Rojstaczer, S. and Wolf, S., 1992. Permeability changes associated with large earthquakes: an example from Loma Prieta, California. Geology, 20: 211-214.
95. Schroder, J.F., Jr., 1970. Landslide landforms and the concept of geomorphic age applied to landslides. International Geographic Congress, Commun, no. 21, Selected Papers, vol. 1, Physical Geography, pp. 124-126.
96. Schuster, R.L. and Krizek, R.J. (Editors), 1978. Landslides - Analysis and control: Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, Special Report 176, 234 pp.
97. Schuster, R.L., Logan, R.L. and Pringle, P.T., 1992. Prehistoric rock avalanches in the Olympic Mountains, Washington. Science, 258: 1620-1621.
98. Seed, H.B., 1968. Landslides during earthquakes due to soil liquefaction. American Society of Civil Engineers. J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 94: 1055-1122.
99. Seed, H.B., 1979. Considerations in the earthquake-resistant design of earth and rockfill dams. Geotechnique, 29(3): 215-263.
100. Seguret, M., Labaume, P. and Madariaga, R., 1984. Eocene seismicity in the Pyrenees from megaturbidites on the South Pyrenean Basin, Spain. Mar. Geol., 55: 117-131.
101. Seilacher, A., 1969. Fault-graded beds interpreted as seismites. Sedimentology, 13: 155-159.
102. Seilacher, A., 1984. Sedimentary structures tentatively attributed to seismic events. Mar. Geol., 55: 1-12.
103. Siegel, R.A., 1978. STABL user manual. West Lafayette, Indiana, Purdue University, 104 pp.
104. Sims, J.D., 1973. Earthquake-induced structures in sediments of Van Norman Lake, San Fernando, California. Science, 182: 161-163.
105. Sims, J.D., 1975. Determining earthquake recurrence intervals from deformational structures in young lacustrine sediments. Tectonophysics, 29: 141-152.
106. Small, R.J. and Clark, M.J., 1982. Slopes and weathering. Cambridge, Great Britain, Cambridge University Press, 112 pp.
107. Smirnova, T.Y. and Nikonov, A.A., 1990. A revised lichenometric method and its application dating great past earthquakes. Arctic Alpine Res., 22: 375-388.
108. Solonenko, V.P., 1977. Landslides and collapses in seismic zones and their prediction. Bull. Int. Assoc. Eng. Geol., no. 15: 4-8.
109. Spalletta, C. and Vai, G.B., 1984. Upper Devonian intraclast parabreccias interpreted as seismites. Mar. Geol., 55: 133-144.
110. Stout, M. L., 1969. Radiocarbon dating of landslides in southern California and engineering geology implications. In: S.A. Schumm and W.C. Bradley (Editors), United States contributions to Quaternary research: Geological Society of America Special Paper 123: 167-179.
111. Stout, M.L., 1977. Radiocarbon dating of landslides in southern California. California Division of Mines and Geology, California Geology, May 1977, pp. 99-105.
112. Tabor, R.W., 1971. Origin of ridge-top depressions by largescale creep in the Olympic Mountains, Washington. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 82: 1811-1822.
113. Tallis, J.H. and Johnson, R.H., 1980. The dating of landslides in Longdendale, north Derbyshire, using pollen-analytical techniques. In: R.A. Cullingford, D.A. Davidson and J. Lewin (Editors), Timescales in Geomorphology. New York, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 189-205.
114. Terasmae, J., 1975. Dating of landslides in the Ottawa River valley by dendrochronology - A brief comment. In: E. Yatsu, A.J. Ward and F. Adams (Editors), Mass Wasting: Proceedings of the 4th Guelph Symposium on Geomorphology. Norwich, England, GeoAbstracts. pp. 153-158.
115. Tibaldi, A., Ferrari, L. and Pasquarè, G., 1995. Landslides triggered by earthquakes and their relations with faults and mountain slope geometry: an example from Ecuador. Geomorphology, 11: 215-226.
116. Varnes, D.J., 1978. Slope movement types and processes. In: R.L. Schuster and R.J. Krizek (Editors), Landslides - Analysis and control. Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, Special Report 176, pp. 11-33.
117. Varnes, D.J., Radbruch-Hall, D.H. and Savage, W.Z., 1989. Topographic and structural conditions in areas of gravitational spreading of ridges in the western United States. US Geol. Surv. Professional Paper 1496, 28 pp.
118. Whitehouse, I.E. and Griffiths, G.A., 1983. Frequency and hazard of large rock avalanches in the central Southern Alps, New Zealand. Geology, 11: 331-334.
119. Wieczorek, G.F., 1984. Preparing a detailed landslide-inventory map for hazard evaluation and reduction. Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geol., 21: 337-342.
120. Wieczorek, G.F., Wilson, R.C. and Harp, E.L., 1985. Map showing slope stability during earthquakes of San Mateo County, California. US Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1257E, scale 1:62,500.
121. Williams, P.L., Jacoby, G.C. and Buckley, B., 1992. Coincident ages of large landslides in Seattle's Lake Washington. Geol. Soc. Am., Abstracts with Programs, 24(5): 90.
122. Wilson, R.C. and Keefer, D.K., 1983. Dynamic analysis of a slope failure from the 6 August 1979 Coyote Lake, California, earthquake. Seismol. Soc. Am. Bull., 73(3): 863-877.
123. Wilson, R.C. and Keefer, D.K., 1985. Predicting areal limits of earthquake-induced landsliding. In: J.I. Ziony (Editor), Evaluating Earthquake Hazards in the Los Angeles Region - An Earth-science Perspective. US Geol. Surv. Professional Paper 1360, pp. 316-345.
124. Wood, S.H., 1985. Regional increase in groundwater discharge after the 1983 Idaho earthquake: coseismic strain release, tectonic and natural hydraulic fracturing. In: R.S. Stein and R.C. Bucknam (Editors), Proceedings of Workshop XXVIII on the Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake, Volume A. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 85-290, pp. 573-592.
125. Yarnold, J.C. and Lombard, J.P., 1989. A facies model for large rock-avalanche deposits formed in dry climates. In: I.P. Colburn, P.L. Abbott and J. Minch (Editors), Conglomerates in Basin Analysis: A Symposium Dedicated to A.O. Woodford. Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 62: 9-31.
126. Záruba, Q. and Mencl, V., 1982. Landslides and their control (2d edn.). Amsterdam, Elsevier, 324 pp.