The values of business and federal government executives: More different than alike

Public Personnel Management

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 277-289

  Posner, Barry Z ^a   Schmidt, Warren H ^b  

^a SANTA CLARA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030236904     PISSN: 00910260     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/009102609602500302     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Schmidt, Warren H. and Barry Z. Posner. Managerial Values and Expectations: The Silent Power in Personal and Organizational Life. New York: AMACOM, 1982.
2. Wall, B. "Assessing Ethics Theories from a Democratic Viewpoint." In J. S. Bowman (ed.), Ethical Frontiers in Public Management, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 1991.
3. Drucker, Peter "Management and the World's Work." Harvard Business Review 66, pp. 65-76.
4. See, for example: Chatman, Jennifer A. "Improving Interactional Organizational Research: A Model of Person-Organization Fit." Academy of Management Review 14 (1989), pp. 333-349; Enz, Cathy A. "The Relationship Between Organizational Value Sharing and Influence Over Strategic Decisions." International Journal of Value-Based Management 2 (1989), pp. 79-92; Kilmann, Ralph H., Mary Jo Saxton, and R. Serpa. Gaining Control of the Corporate Culture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985; and, Schein, Edgar H. Organizational Culture and Leadership (2nd Ed). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992.
5. See, for example: Chatman, Jennifer A. "Improving Interactional Organizational Research: A Model of Person-Organization Fit." Academy of Management Review 14 (1989), pp. 333-349; Enz, Cathy A. "The Relationship Between Organizational Value Sharing and Influence Over Strategic Decisions." International Journal of Value-Based Management 2 (1989), pp. 79-92; Kilmann, Ralph H., Mary Jo Saxton, and R. Serpa. Gaining Control of the Corporate Culture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985; and, Schein, Edgar H. Organizational Culture and Leadership (2nd Ed). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992.
6. See, for example: Chatman, Jennifer A. "Improving Interactional Organizational Research: A Model of Person-Organization Fit." Academy of Management Review 14 (1989), pp. 333-349; Enz, Cathy A. "The Relationship Between Organizational Value Sharing and Influence Over Strategic Decisions." International Journal of Value-Based Management 2 (1989), pp. 79-92; Kilmann, Ralph H., Mary Jo Saxton, and R. Serpa. Gaining Control of the Corporate Culture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985; and, Schein, Edgar H. Organizational Culture and Leadership (2nd Ed). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992.
7. See, for example: Chatman, Jennifer A. "Improving Interactional Organizational Research: A Model of Person-Organization Fit." Academy of Management Review 14 (1989), pp. 333-349; Enz, Cathy A. "The Relationship Between Organizational Value Sharing and Influence Over Strategic Decisions." International Journal of Value-Based Management 2 (1989), pp. 79-92; Kilmann, Ralph H., Mary Jo Saxton, and R. Serpa. Gaining Control of the Corporate Culture. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985; and, Schein, Edgar H. Organizational Culture and Leadership (2nd Ed). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992.
8. See, for example: Judge, Thomas A. and R. D. Bretz, Jr. "Effects of Work Values on Job Choice Decisions." Journal of Applied Psychology 77 (1992), pp. 61-271; Meglino, Bruce M., Elizabeth C. Ravlin, and C. L. Adkins. "A Work Values Approach to Corporate Culture: A Field Test of the Value Congruence Process and Its Relationship to Individual Outcomes." Journal of Applied Psychology 74 (1989), pp. 424-432; and, Posner, Barry Z. "Person-Organization Values Congruence: No Support for Individual Differences as a Moderating Influence." Human Relations 45 (1992), pp. 351-361.
9. See, for example: Judge, Thomas A. and R. D. Bretz, Jr. "Effects of Work Values on Job Choice Decisions." Journal of Applied Psychology 77 (1992), pp. 61-271; Meglino, Bruce M., Elizabeth C. Ravlin, and C. L. Adkins. "A Work Values Approach to Corporate Culture: A Field Test of the Value Congruence Process and Its Relationship to Individual Outcomes." Journal of Applied Psychology 74 (1989), pp. 424-432; and, Posner, Barry Z. "Person-Organization Values Congruence: No Support for Individual Differences as a Moderating Influence." Human Relations 45 (1992), pp. 351-361.
10. See, for example: Judge, Thomas A. and R. D. Bretz, Jr. "Effects of Work Values on Job Choice Decisions." Journal of Applied Psychology 77 (1992), pp. 61-271; Meglino, Bruce M., Elizabeth C. Ravlin, and C. L. Adkins. "A Work Values Approach to Corporate Culture: A Field Test of the Value Congruence Process and Its Relationship to Individual Outcomes." Journal of Applied Psychology 74 (1989), pp. 424-432; and, Posner, Barry Z. "Person-Organization Values Congruence: No Support for Individual Differences as a Moderating Influence." Human Relations 45 (1992), pp. 351-361.
11. Posner, Barry Z., James M. Kouzes, and Warren H. Schmidt. "Shared Values Make a Difference: An Empirical Test of Corporate Culture." Human Resource Management 24 (1985), pp. 293-310.
12. O'Reilly, Charles A., Jennifer A. Chatman, and David Caldwell. "People and Organizational Culture: A Profile Comparison Approach to Assessing Person-Organization Fit." Academy of Management Journal 34 (1991), pp. 487-516.
13. Enz, Cathy A. and Charles R. Schwenk. "Performance and Sharing of Organizational Values." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Washington, D.C. (1989).
14. Howard, Robert. "Values Make the Company: An Interview with Robert Haas." Harvard Business Review 8 (1990), pp. 132-144.
15. See, for example: Guyot, J. "Government Bureaucrats Are Different." Public Administration Review 20 (1962), pp. 195-202; Nalbandian, J. and J. T. Edwards. "The Values of Public Administrators: A Comparison with Lawyers, Social Workers, and Business Administrators." Review of Public Personnel Administration 4 (1983), pp. 114-127; Rainey, Hal G. "Reward Preferences Among Public and Private Managers: In Search of the Service Ethic." American Review of Public Administration 16 (1982), pp. 288-302; Rainey, Hal G. "Public Agencies and Private Firms: Incentive Structures, Goals, and Individual Roles." Administration and Society 15 (1983), pp. 207-243; Rawls, James and O. Nelson. "Characteristics Associated with Preferences for Certain Managerial Positions." Educational Reports 36 (1975), pp. 911-918; and, Wittmer, D. "Serving the People or Serving for Pay: Reward Preferences Among Government, Hybrid Sector, and Business Managers." Public Productivity & Management Review 14 (1991), pp. 369-383.
16. See, for example: Guyot, J. "Government Bureaucrats Are Different." Public Administration Review 20 (1962), pp. 195-202; Nalbandian, J. and J. T. Edwards. "The Values of Public Administrators: A Comparison with Lawyers, Social Workers, and Business Administrators." Review of Public Personnel Administration 4 (1983), pp. 114-127; Rainey, Hal G. "Reward Preferences Among Public and Private Managers: In Search of the Service Ethic." American Review of Public Administration 16 (1982), pp. 288-302; Rainey, Hal G. "Public Agencies and Private Firms: Incentive Structures, Goals, and Individual Roles." Administration and Society 15 (1983), pp. 207-243; Rawls, James and O. Nelson. "Characteristics Associated with Preferences for Certain Managerial Positions." Educational Reports 36 (1975), pp. 911-918; and, Wittmer, D. "Serving the People or Serving for Pay: Reward Preferences Among Government, Hybrid Sector, and Business Managers." Public Productivity & Management Review 14 (1991), pp. 369-383.
17. See, for example: Guyot, J. "Government Bureaucrats Are Different." Public Administration Review 20 (1962), pp. 195-202; Nalbandian, J. and J. T. Edwards. "The Values of Public Administrators: A Comparison with Lawyers, Social Workers, and Business Administrators." Review of Public Personnel Administration 4 (1983), pp. 114-127; Rainey, Hal G. "Reward Preferences Among Public and Private Managers: In Search of the Service Ethic." American Review of Public Administration 16 (1982), pp. 288-302; Rainey, Hal G. "Public Agencies and Private Firms: Incentive Structures, Goals, and Individual Roles." Administration and Society 15 (1983), pp. 207-243; Rawls, James and O. Nelson. "Characteristics Associated with Preferences for Certain Managerial Positions." Educational Reports 36 (1975), pp. 911-918; and, Wittmer, D. "Serving the People or Serving for Pay: Reward Preferences Among Government, Hybrid Sector, and Business Managers." Public Productivity & Management Review 14 (1991), pp. 369-383.
18. See, for example: Guyot, J. "Government Bureaucrats Are Different." Public Administration Review 20 (1962), pp. 195-202; Nalbandian, J. and J. T. Edwards. "The Values of Public Administrators: A Comparison with Lawyers, Social Workers, and Business Administrators." Review of Public Personnel Administration 4 (1983), pp. 114-127; Rainey, Hal G. "Reward Preferences Among Public and Private Managers: In Search of the Service Ethic." American Review of Public Administration 16 (1982), pp. 288-302; Rainey, Hal G. "Public Agencies and Private Firms: Incentive Structures, Goals, and Individual Roles." Administration and Society 15 (1983), pp. 207-243; Rawls, James and O. Nelson. "Characteristics Associated with Preferences for Certain Managerial Positions." Educational Reports 36 (1975), pp. 911-918; and, Wittmer, D. "Serving the People or Serving for Pay: Reward Preferences Among Government, Hybrid Sector, and Business Managers." Public Productivity & Management Review 14 (1991), pp. 369-383.
19. See, for example: Guyot, J. "Government Bureaucrats Are Different." Public Administration Review 20 (1962), pp. 195-202; Nalbandian, J. and J. T. Edwards. "The Values of Public Administrators: A Comparison with Lawyers, Social Workers, and Business Administrators." Review of Public Personnel Administration 4 (1983), pp. 114-127; Rainey, Hal G. "Reward Preferences Among Public and Private Managers: In Search of the Service Ethic." American Review of Public Administration 16 (1982), pp. 288-302; Rainey, Hal G. "Public Agencies and Private Firms: Incentive Structures, Goals, and Individual Roles." Administration and Society 15 (1983), pp. 207-243; Rawls, James and O. Nelson. "Characteristics Associated with Preferences for Certain Managerial Positions." Educational Reports 36 (1975), pp. 911-918; and, Wittmer, D. "Serving the People or Serving for Pay: Reward Preferences Among Government, Hybrid Sector, and Business Managers." Public Productivity & Management Review 14 (1991), pp. 369-383.
20. See, for example: Guyot, J. "Government Bureaucrats Are Different." Public Administration Review 20 (1962), pp. 195-202; Nalbandian, J. and J. T. Edwards. "The Values of Public Administrators: A Comparison with Lawyers, Social Workers, and Business Administrators." Review of Public Personnel Administration 4 (1983), pp. 114-127; Rainey, Hal G. "Reward Preferences Among Public and Private Managers: In Search of the Service Ethic." American Review of Public Administration 16 (1982), pp. 288-302; Rainey, Hal G. "Public Agencies and Private Firms: Incentive Structures, Goals, and Individual Roles." Administration and Society 15 (1983), pp. 207-243; Rawls, James and O. Nelson. "Characteristics Associated with Preferences for Certain Managerial Positions." Educational Reports 36 (1975), pp. 911-918; and, Wittmer, D. "Serving the People or Serving for Pay: Reward Preferences Among Government, Hybrid Sector, and Business Managers." Public Productivity & Management Review 14 (1991), pp. 369-383.
21. Kingsley, G. A. and P. N. Reed. "Decision Process Models and Organizational Context: Lvel and Sector Make a Difference." Public Productivity & Management Review 14 (1991), pp.397-413.
22. See, for example: Baldwin, J. "Public versus Private: Not that Different, Not that Consequential." Public Personnel Management 16 (1987), pp. 181-193; Newstrom, John, W. Reif, and R. Monczka. "Motivating the Public Employee: Fact vs. Fiction." Public Personnel Management 5 (1976), pp. 67-72; and, Posner, Barry Z. and Warren H. Schmidt. "What Kind of People Enter the Public and Private Sectors? An Updated Comparison of Perceptions, Stereotypes, and Values." Human Resource Management 21 (1982), pp. 35-43.
23. See, for example: Baldwin, J. "Public versus Private: Not that Different, Not that Consequential." Public Personnel Management 16 (1987), pp. 181-193; Newstrom, John, W. Reif, and R. Monczka. "Motivating the Public Employee: Fact vs. Fiction." Public Personnel Management 5 (1976), pp. 67-72; and, Posner, Barry Z. and Warren H. Schmidt. "What Kind of People Enter the Public and Private Sectors? An Updated Comparison of Perceptions, Stereotypes, and Values." Human Resource Management 21 (1982), pp. 35-43.
24. See, for example: Baldwin, J. "Public versus Private: Not that Different, Not that Consequential." Public Personnel Management 16 (1987), pp. 181-193; Newstrom, John, W. Reif, and R. Monczka. "Motivating the Public Employee: Fact vs. Fiction." Public Personnel Management 5 (1976), pp. 67-72; and, Posner, Barry Z. and Warren H. Schmidt. "What Kind of People Enter the Public and Private Sectors? An Updated Comparison of Perceptions, Stereotypes, and Values." Human Resource Management 21 (1982), pp. 35-43.
25. Silfvast, R. O. and P. L. Quaglieri. "Management Skills Transferability and the Public and Private Sector Manager." Public Personnel Management 23 (1994), pp. 117-126.
26. deLeon, Linda. "The Professional Values of Public Managers, Policy Analysts and Politicians." Public Personnel Management 23 (1994), pp. 135-152.
27. England, GeorgeW. "The Values of American Managers." Academy of Management Journal 10 (1967), pp. 53-68.
28. Posner, Barry Z., and J. Michael Munson. "Factorial Validity of England's Personal Values Questionnaire." Educational and Psychological Measurement 41 (1981), pp. 1243-1254.
29. See, for example: Schmidt, Warren H. and Barry Z. Posner. "Values and the American Manager: An Update." California Management Review 26 (1984), pp. 206-216; and, Schmidt, Warren H. and Barry Z. Posner. "Values and Expectations of Federal Service Executives." Public Administration Review 46 (1986), pp. 447-454.
30. See, for example: Schmidt, Warren H. and Barry Z. Posner. "Values and the American Manager: An Update." California Management Review 26 (1984), pp. 206-216; and, Schmidt, Warren H. and Barry Z. Posner. "Values and Expectations of Federal Service Executives." Public Administration Review 46 (1986), pp. 447-454.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.