One ton of bismuth in the lead smelter and 60 years of Kroll-Betterton

CIM Bulletin

Volumn 89, Issue 1003, 1996, Pages 76-79

  Ojebuoboh, Funsho K ^a  

^a Asarco Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Bismuth; Kroll Betterton process; Metallurgy; Refining of lead; Smelting of lead

Indexed keywords

BLAST FURNACES; CALCIUM; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; LEAD SMELTING; MAGNESIUM; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; METAL REFINING;

DEBISMUTHIZATION; KROLL-BETTERTON PROCESS;

BISMUTH METALLURGY;

EID: 0030230675     PISSN: 03170926     EISSN: None     Source Type: Trade Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. ARCHER, G., BUNN, B., and OJEBUOBOH, F., 1992. By-products recycling at Asarco: processing of drosses, slags, dusts. In Residues and Effluents. Edited by R. G. Reddy, W.P. imrie, and P.B. Queneau, IMS, p. 507-524.
2. BETTERTON, J.O. and LEBEDEFF, Y.,1936. Debismuthisation of lead with alkaline earth metals, including magnesium. AIME Trans., Vol. 21, p. 205-225.
3. DAVEY, T.R.A., 1956. Debismuthizing Lead. Trans. TMS, March, Journal of Metals, p. 341-350,
4. DAVEY, T.R.A., 1980. The physical chemistry of lead refining. In Lead-Zinc-Tin. Edited by J.M. Cigan, T.S. Mackey, and T.J. O'Keefe, TMS-AIME, p. 447-507.
5. HOFFMAN, H.O., 1918. Metallurgy of Lead. McGraw-Hill Book Club Co., p. 590-591.
6. LAM, L.T., HUYNH, T.D., HAIGH, N.P., DOUGLAS, J.D., RAND, D.A.J., LAKSHMI, C.S., HOLLINGSWORTH, P.A., SEE, J.B., MANDERS, J., and RICE, D.M., 1995. Influence of bismuth on the age-hardening and corrosion behaviour of low-antimony lead alloys in lead/acid battery systems. Journal of Power Sources, 53, p. 63-74.
7. MALLALEY, K. and MORRIS, D.R., 1990. Analysis of the Kroll-Betterton process: The removal of bismuth from lead bullion. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 1, p. 67-71.
8. MANDERS, J.E., LAM, L.T., DE MARCO, R., DOUGLAS, J.D., PILLIG, R., and RAND, D.A.J., 1994. Battery performance enhancement with additions of bismuth. Journal of Power Sources, 48, p. 113-128.
9. MILLER, L., 1994. Air Pollution got its start in Ancient Greece, Rome. USA Today, Friday Sept. 23. Based on paper in Science, Sept. 23, 1994 by C. Boutron and C. Peterson.
10. OJEBUOBOH, F.K., 1992. Bismuth-Production, Properties, and Applications. Journal of Metals, Vol.44, No. 4, April, p. 46-49.
11. QUARM, T.A.A., 1981. Copper dross in the lead smelter. Trans. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, Section C, 90, June.
12. ZULANI, D.J., CLOSSET, B., 1991. United States Patent No. 5,041,160, Magnesium-calcium alloys for debismuthising lead. Aug. 20.