Intake, Site, and Extent of Nutrient Digestion of Lactating Cows Grazing Pasture

Journal of Dairy Science

Volumn 79, Issue 9, 1996, Pages 1581-1589

  Berzaghi, P ^a,b   Herbein, J H ^a   Polan, C E ^a  

^a VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Microbial nitrogen flow; Pasture; Ruminal nitrogen; Ruminal turnover

Indexed keywords

ZEA MAYS;

NITROGEN;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL FOOD; ARTICLE; CATTLE; CHEMISTRY; DIGESTION; DUODENUM; FEMALE; LACTATION; LEGUME; MAIZE; MEDICINAL PLANT; METABOLISM; MILK; PHYSIOLOGY; POACEAE; RUMINANT STOMACH; TEMPERATURE;

ANIMAL FEED; ANIMAL NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGY; ANIMALS; CATTLE; DIGESTION; DUODENUM; FABACEAE; FEMALE; LACTATION; MILK; NITROGEN; PLANTS, MEDICINAL; POACEAE; RUMEN; TEMPERATURE; ZEA MAYS;

EID: 0030228914     PISSN: 00220302     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76520-7     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Abaye, A. O. 1992. Influence of grazing sheep and cattle together and separately on soils, plants, and animals. Ph.D. Diss. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg.
2. Armentano, L. E., and R. W. Russell, 1985. Method for calculating digesta flow and apparent absorption of nutrients from nonrepresentative samples of digesta. J. Dairy Sci. 68:3067.
3. Arriaga-Jordan, C. M., and W. Holmes. 1986. The effect of concentrate supplementation on high-yielding dairy cows under two systems of grazing. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 107:453.
4. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1980. Official Methods of Analysis. 13th ed. AOAC, Washington, DC.
5. Beever, D. E., M. S. Dhanoa, H. R. Losada, R. T. Evans, S. B. Cammell, and J. France. 1986. The effect of forage species and stage of harvest on the process of digestion occurring in the rumen of cattle. Br. J. Nutr. 56:439.
6. Beever, D. E., and R. C. Siddons. 1984. Digestion and metabolism in the grazing ruminant. Page 383 in Control of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants. I. W. McDonald and A.C.I. Warner, ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
7. Broderick, G. A., and N. R. Merchen. 1992. Markers for quantifying microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2618.
8. Brodie, J. 1985. Vegetation analysis. Page 7 in Grassland Studies. George Allen and Unwin, Boston, MA.
9. Cameron, M. R., T. H. Klusmeyer, G. L. Lynch, J. H. Clark, and D. R. Nelson. 1991. Effects of urea and starch on rumen fermentation, nutrient passage to the duodenum, and performance of cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1321.
10. Cammell, S. B., D. E. Beever, D. J. Thomson, A. R. Austin, H. R. Losada, R. T. Evans, M. C. Spooner, and R. A. Terry. 1983. Energy and protein digestion, supply and utilization on two contrasting forages fed to growing steers. Anim. Prod. 36:501.
11. Colucci, P. E., G. K. Macleod, W. L. Grovum, I. McMillan, and D. J. Barney. 1990. Digesta kinetics in sheep and cattle fed diets with different forage to concentrate ratios at high and low intake. J. Dairy Sci. 73:2143.
12. Ellis, W. C., J. H. Matis, and C. Lascano. 1979. Quantitating ruminal turnover. Fed. Proc. 38:2702.
13. Goering, H. K., and P. J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage Fiber Analyses (Apparatus, Reagents, Procedures, and Some Applications). Agric. Handbook No. 379. ARS-USDA, Washington, DC.
14. Hartnell, G. F., and L. D. Satter. 1979. Determination of rumen fill, retention time and ruminal turnover rates of ingesta at different stages of lactation in dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 48:381.
15. Hodgson, J. 1985. The control of herbage intake by grazing ruminant. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 44:339.
16. Hoffman, K., L. D. Muller, S. L. Fales, and L. A. Holden. 1993. Quality evaluation and concentrate supplementation of rotational pasture grazed by lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:2651.
17. Holden, L. A., L. D. Muller, G. A. Varga, and P. J. Hillard. 1994. Ruminal digestion and duodenal nutrient flows in dairy cows consuming grass as pasture, hay, or silage. J. Dairy Sci. 77: 3034.
18. Huber, J. T., and R. L. Boman. 1966. Nutritional factors affecting the solids-non-fat content of milk. J. Dairy Sci. 49:816.
19. Journet, M., and C. Demarquilly. 1979. Feeding strategy for the high yielding cow. Page 295 in Grazing. W. H. Broster and H. Swan, ed. Eur. Assoc. Anim. Prod. Publ. No. 25. Granada Publ., New York, NY.
20. Leaver, J. D., R. C. Campling, and W. Holmes. 1968. Use of supplementary feeds for grazing dairy cows. Dairy Sci. Abstr. 30:355. (Abstr.)
21. Meijs, J.A.C. 1981. Herbage intake by grazing dairy cows. Agric. Res. Rep. (Versl. Landbouwk. Onderz.) 909, Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
22. Meijs, J.A.C. 1986. Concentrate supplementation of grazing dairy cows. 2. Effect of concentrate composition on herbage intake and milk production. Grass Forage Sci. 41:229.
23. Mould, F. L., E. R. Ørskov, and S. O. Mann. 1983. Associative effects of mixed feed. I. Effects of type and level of supplementation and the influence of the rumen fluid pH on cellulolysis in vivo and dry matter digestion of various roughages. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 10:15.
24. Polan, C. E., R. E. Blaser, C. N. Miller, and D. D. Wolf. 1985. Utilization of pasture by lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 69:1604.
25. Rode, L. M., and L. D. Satter. 1988. Effect of amount and length of alfalfa hay in diets containing barley or corn on site of digestion and rumen microbial synthesis in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 68:445.
26. SAS® User's Guide: Statistics, Version 6.03. 1989. SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC.
27. Satter, L. D., and L. L. Slyter. 1974. Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro. Br. J. Nutr. 32:190.
28. Schelling, G. T., S. E. Koenig, and T. C. Jackson, Jr. 1982. Nucleic acids and purine or pyrimidine bases as markers for protein synthesis in the rumen. Page 1 in Protein Requirement for Cattle: Symposium. F. N. Owens, ed. Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
29. Society for Analytical Chemistry. 1973. Official, Standardized and Recommended Methods of Analysis. N. W. Hanson, ed. Soc. Anal. Chem., London, England.
30. Tyrrell, H. F., and C. K. Reynolds. 1988. Energy value of high moisture corn fed to dairy cattle in alfalfa hay based rations. J. Dairy Sci. 71(Suppl. 1):178.(Abstr.)
31. Udén, P., E. Colucci, and P. J. Van Soest. 1980. Investigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as markers in digesta. Rate of passage studies. J. Sci. Food Agric. 31:625.
32. Van Soest, P. J. 1982. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. O & B Books, Corvallis, OR.
33. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson, and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74:3583.
34. van Vuuren, A. M., F. Krol-Kramer, R. A. Van Der Lee, and H. Corbijn. 1992. Protein digestion and intestinal amino acids in dairy cows fed fresh Lolium perenne with different nitrogen content. J. Dairy Sci. 75:2215.
35. van Vuuren, A. M., S. Tamminga, and R. S. Ketelaar. 1991. In sacco degradation of organic matter and crude protein of fresh grass (Lolium perenne) in the rumen of grazing cows. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 116:429.
36. van Vuuren, A. M., C. J. van der Koelen, and J. Vroons-de Bruin. 1986. Influence of level and composition of concentrate supplements on rumen fermentation patterns of grazing cows. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 34:457.
37. van Vuuren, A. M., C. J. van der Koelen, and J. Vroons-de Bruin. 1993. Ryegrass versus corn starch or beet pulp fiber diet effects on digestion and intestinal amino acids in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:2692.
38. Weatherburn, M. W. 1967. Phenol-hypochlorite reaction for determination of ammonia. Anal. Chem. 39:971.
39. Zerbini, E., and C. E. Polan. 1985. Protein sources evaluated for ruminating Holstein calves. J. Dairy Sci. 68:1416.