Smoking and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy

British Journal of Clinical Practice

Volumn , Issue SUPPL. 86, 1996, Pages 6-8

  Jensen, J ^a  

^a Rigshospitalet   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ESTROGEN;

BLOOD; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; ESTROGEN THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMAN; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; POSTMENOPAUSE; POSTMENOPAUSE OSTEOPOROSIS; REVIEW; SMOKING;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ESTROGENS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL; POSTMENOPAUSE; SMOKING;

EID: 0030228875     PISSN: 00070947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. McKinlay SM, Bifano NL, McKinlay JB. Smoking and age at menopause in women. Ann Intern Med 1985; 103: 350-356.
2. Greenberg G, Thompson SG, Meade TW. Relation between cigarette smoking and use of hormonal replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms. J Epidemiol Comm Health 1987; 41: 26-29.
3. Bump RC, McClish DK. Cigarette smoking and urinary incontinence in women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167: 1213-1218.
4. Krall EA, Dawson-Hughes B. Smoking and bone loss among postmenopausal women. J Bone Min Res 1991; 6: 331-338.
5. Christiansen C (ed). Consensus development conference on osteoporosis. Am J Med 1993; 95 (SA).
6. Franks AL, Kendrick JS, TylerCW. Postmenopausal smoking, estrogen replacement therapy, and the risk of endometrial cancer. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156:20-23.
7. Belchetz PE. Hormonal treatment of postmenopausal women. N Engt J Med 1994; 330: 1062-1071.
8. Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA. Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary heart disease: a quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence. Prev Med 1991; 20: 47-63.
9. Sullivan JM, Zwaag RV, Hughes JP et al. Estrogen replacement and coronary artery disease. Effect on survival in postmenopausal women. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150: 2557-2562.
10. Walsh BW, Schiff l, Rosner B et al. Effects of postmenopausal estrogen replacement on the concentration and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. N Engt J Med 1991; 325: 1196-1204.
11. Godsland l, Gangar K, Wallon C et al. Insulin resistance, secretion, and elimination in postmenopausal women receiving oral or transdermal hormone replacement therapy. Metabolism 1993; 42: 846-853.
12. Jensen J, Christiansen C, Rodbro P. Cigarette smoking, serum estrogens, and bone loss during postmenopausal replacement early after menopause. N EnglJMed 1985; 313: 973-975.
13. Cassidenti DL, Vijod AG, Vijod MA et al. Short-term effects of smoking on the pharmacokinetic profiles of micronized estradiol in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 1953-1960.
14. Jensen J, Christiansen C. Effects of smoking on serum lipoproteins and bone mineral content during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988,159: 820-825.
15. Michnovicz JJ, Hershcopf RJ, Naganuma H et al. Increased 2-hydroxylation of estradiol as a possible mechanism for the anti-estrogenic effect of cigarette smoking. N Engl J Med 1986; 315: 1305-1309.
16. Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT et al. The effect of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on bone density in elderly women. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:1141 -1146.
17. Kiel DP, Baron JA, Anderson JJ et al. Smoking eliminates the protective effect of oral estrogens on the risk for hip fracture among women. Ann Intern Med 1991; 116: 716-721.
18. Craig WY, Palomaki GE, Haddow JE. Cigarette smoking and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations; an analysis of published data. BMJ 1989; 298: 784-788.
19. Criqui MH, Wallace RB, Heiss G et al. Cigarette smoking and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Circulation 1980; 62 (Suppl IV): 70-76.
20. Krauss RM, Perlman JA, Ray R, Petitti D. Effects of estrogen dose and smoking on lipid and lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 158: 1606-1611.
21. Bush TL, Barrett-Connor E, Cowan LD et al. Cardiovascular mortality and non-contraceptive use of estrogen in women: results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study. Circulation 1987; 75:1102-1109.
22. Sullivan JM, Zwaag RV, Lemp GF et al. Postmenopausal estrogen use and coronary atheroscelerosis. Ann Intern Med 1988; 108: 358-363.
23. Ross RK, Paganini-Hill A, Mack TM et al. Menopausal oestrogen therapy and protection from death from ischaemic heart disease. Lancet 1981 ; 1: 858-860.
24. Henderson BE, Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK. Estrogen replacement therapy and protection from acute myocardial infarction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988; 159: 312-317.
25. Manolio TA, Furberg CD, Shemanski L et al. Associations of postmenopausal estrogen use with cardiovascular disease and its risk factor in older women. Circulation 1993; 88: 2163-2171.