Placebo Orthodoxy in Clinical Research I: Empirical and Methodological Myths

Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 243-251

  Freedman, Benjamin ^a   Weijer, Charles ^a   Glass, Kathleen Cranley ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

PLACEBO;

ANALYTICAL APPROACH; ARTICLE; BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; CONTROL GROUP; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; EMPIRICAL APPROACH; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MEDICAL ETHICS; PATIENT ADVOCACY; PATIENT SELECTION; RESEARCH; RESEARCH SUBJECT; RISK ASSESSMENT; STANDARD; UNITED STATES;

ANALYTICAL APPROACH; BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; EMPIRICAL APPROACH;

CONTROL GROUPS; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS; ETHICS, MEDICAL; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; HUMANS; PATIENT ADVOCACY; PATIENT SELECTION; PLACEBOS; RESEARCH; RESEARCH SUBJECTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; THERAPEUTIC HUMAN EXPERIMENTATION; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0030228704     PISSN: 10731105     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720X.1996.tb01859.x     Document Type: Article

References (67)

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4. J.J. Sramek and N.R. Cutler, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 62; W.F. Denny, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; R. Pohl and R. Balon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; S.D. Nash, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; E.M. Gilbert and M. Packer, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; T.J. Cleophas, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; H.R. Taylor, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; C. Schecter, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; S. Cagliano and G. Traversa, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; and D.A. Solomon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62.
5. J.J. Sramek and N.R. Cutler, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 62; W.F. Denny, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; R. Pohl and R. Balon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; S.D. Nash, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; E.M. Gilbert and M. Packer, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; T.J. Cleophas, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; H.R. Taylor, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; C. Schecter, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; S. Cagliano and G. Traversa, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; and D.A. Solomon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62.
6. J.J. Sramek and N.R. Cutler, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 62; W.F. Denny, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; R. Pohl and R. Balon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; S.D. Nash, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; E.M. Gilbert and M. Packer, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; T.J. Cleophas, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; H.R. Taylor, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; C. Schecter, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; S. Cagliano and G. Traversa, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; and D.A. Solomon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62.
7. J.J. Sramek and N.R. Cutler, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 62; W.F. Denny, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; R. Pohl and R. Balon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; S.D. Nash, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; E.M. Gilbert and M. Packer, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; T.J. Cleophas, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; H.R. Taylor, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; C. Schecter, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; S. Cagliano and G. Traversa, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; and D.A. Solomon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62.
8. J.J. Sramek and N.R. Cutler, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 62; W.F. Denny, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; R. Pohl and R. Balon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; S.D. Nash, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; E.M. Gilbert and M. Packer, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; T.J. Cleophas, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; H.R. Taylor, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; C. Schecter, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; S. Cagliano and G. Traversa, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; and D.A. Solomon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62.
9. J.J. Sramek and N.R. Cutler, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 62; W.F. Denny, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; R. Pohl and R. Balon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; S.D. Nash, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; E.M. Gilbert and M. Packer, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; T.J. Cleophas, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; H.R. Taylor, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; C. Schecter, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; S. Cagliano and G. Traversa, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; and D.A. Solomon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62.
10. J.J. Sramek and N.R. Cutler, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 62; W.F. Denny, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; R. Pohl and R. Balon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; S.D. Nash, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; E.M. Gilbert and M. Packer, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; T.J. Cleophas, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; H.R. Taylor, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; C. Schecter, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; S. Cagliano and G. Traversa, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; and D.A. Solomon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62.
11. J.J. Sramek and N.R. Cutler, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 62; W.F. Denny, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; R. Pohl and R. Balon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; S.D. Nash, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; E.M. Gilbert and M. Packer, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; T.J. Cleophas, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; H.R. Taylor, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; C. Schecter, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; S. Cagliano and G. Traversa, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; and D.A. Solomon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62.
12. J.J. Sramek and N.R. Cutler, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 62; W.F. Denny, letter; comment, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; R. Pohl and R. Balon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; S.D. Nash, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; E.M. Gilbert and M. Packer, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; T.J. Cleophas, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 61-62; H.R. Taylor, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; C. Schecter, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; S. Cagliano and G. Traversa, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62; and D.A. Solomon, letter; comment; discussion, "The Use of Placebo Controls," N. Engl. J. Med., 332 (1995): 60-62.
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62. Blackwelder, supra note 39.
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