Basis and value of lymphadenectomy for colorectal carcinomas;Grundlagen und wert der lymphadenektomie beim colorectalen carcinom

Chirurg

Volumn 67, Issue 9, 1996, Pages 889-899

  Lehnert, Th ^a,b   Herfarth, Ch ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cancer; Colon; Lymphadenectomy; Prognosis; Rectum; Staging

Indexed keywords

CANCER STAGING; COLORECTAL TUMOR; HUMAN; LYMPH NODE; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; LYMPHADENECTOMY; METHODOLOGY; MORTALITY; PATHOLOGY; REVIEW; SURVIVAL RATE;

COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; HUMANS; LYMPH NODE EXCISION; LYMPH NODES; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; NEOPLASM STAGING; SURVIVAL RATE;

EID: 0030228639     PISSN: 00094722     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/pl00002533     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Andreola S, Leo E, Belli F, Bufalino R, et al (1996) Manual dissection of adenocarcinoma of the lower third of the rectum specimens for detection of lymph node metastases smaller than 5 mm. Cancer 77: 607
2. Arnold MW, Young DC, Hitchcock CL, Schneebaum S, Martin EW (1995) Radioimmunoguided surgery in primary colorectal carcinoma: an intraoperative prognostic tool and adjuvant to traditional staging. Am J Surg 170: 315
3. Bauer KH (1963) Das Krebsproblem, 2. Aufl. Springer, Heidelberg Göttingen Berlin
4. Beahrs OH, Henson DE, Hutter RV, Kennedy JB (eds) (1992) AJCC manual for the staging of cancer, 4th edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia
5. Cady B (1984) Lymph node metastases. Indicators, but not governors of survival. Arch Surg 119: 1067
6. Cawthorn SJ, Gibbs NM, Marks CG (1986) Clearance technique for the detection of lymph nodes in colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 73: 58
7. Chen WS, Lin WC, Hsu H (1996) The effect of insufflation on hepatic métastases of colon cancer cells. Dis Colon Rectum 39: A45
8. Clairmont (1914) Die erweiterte Radikaloperation des Dickdarmcarcinoms. Verh Dtsch Ges Chir 43: 248
9. Clogg HS (1908) Cancer of the colon. A study of 72 cases. Lancet 2: 1007
10. Coller FA, Kay EB, MacIntyre RS (1941) Regional lymphatic metastases of carcinoma of the colon. Ann Surg 114: 56
11. Cutait R, Alves VAF, Lopes LC, Cutait DE, et al (1991) Restaging of colorectal cancer based on the identification of lymph node micrometastases through immunoperoxidase staining of CEA and cytokeratins. Dis Colon Rectum 34: 917
12. Darzi A, Lewis C, Menzies-Gow N, Guillou PJ (1995) Laparoscopic abdomino-perineal excision of the rectum. Surg Endosc 9: 414
13. Dworak O (1991) Morphology of lymph nodes in the resected rectum of patients with rectal carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 187: 1020
14. Enker WE, Heilweil ML, Hertz REL, Pilpshen SJ, et al (1986) En bloc pelvic lymphadenectomy and spincther preservation in the surgical management of rectal cancer. Ann Surg 203: 426
15. Feinstein AR, Sosin DM, Weils CK (1985) The Will Rogers Phenomenon. Stage Migrationand New Diagnostic Techniques as a source of misleading statistics for survival in cancer. New Engl J Med 312: 1604
16. Fenoglio CM, Kaye GI, Lane N (1973) Distribution of human Colonic lymphatics in normal, hyperplastic and adenomatous tissue. Gastroenterology 64: 51
17. Fielding LP, Arsenault PA, Caupuis PH, Dent O, et al (1991) Clinicopathological staging for colorectal cancer: an international documentation system (IDS) and an international comprehensive anatomical terminology. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 6: 325
18. French Association for Surgical Research (1994) Curative resection for left colonie carcinoma: hemicolectomy versus segmental colectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 37: 651
19. Gall FP, Zirngibel H, Hermanek P (Hrsg) (1989) Das colorektale Carcinom. Zuckschwerdt, München Bern Wien
20. Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group (1984) Adjuvant therapy of colon cancer. Results of a prospectively randomized trial. New Engl J Med 310: 737
21. Gilchrist RK, David VC (1938) Lymphatic spread of carcinoma of the Rectum. Ann Surg 108: 621
22. Glass RE, Ritchie JK, Thompson HR, Mann CV (1985) The results of surgical treatment of cancer of the return by radical resection and extended abdominoiliac lymphadenectomy. Br J Surg 72: 599
23. Goligher JC, Dukes CE, Bussey HJR (1951) Local recurrences after sphincter saving excisions for carcinoma of the rectum and rectosigmoid. Br J Surg 39: 199
24. Graff (1949) Die Bedeutung des Lymphgefäßsystems für die Ausbreitung, Behandlung und Prognose des Dickdarmkarzinoms. Beitr Klin Chir 178: 161
25. Greenson JK, Isenhart CE, Rice R, Mojzisik C, et al (1994) Identification of occult micrometastases in pericolic lymph nodes of Dukes B colorectal cancer patients using monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin and CC49. Cancer 73: 563
26. Grinnell RS (1942) Lymphatic and venous spread of carcinoma of the Rectum. Ann Surg 116: 200
27. Grinnell RS (1966) Lymphatic block with atypical and retrograde lymphatic metastasis and spread in carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Ann Surg 163: 272
28. Haboubi NY, Clark P, Kaftan SM, Schofield PF (1992) The importance of combing xylene clearance and immunohistochemistry in the accurate staging of colorectal carcinoma. J R Soc Med 85: 386
29. Hall NR, Finan PJ, Stephenson BM, Lowndes RH, Young HL (1995) High tie of the inferior mesneteric artery in distal colorectal resections - a safe vascular procedure. Int J Colorect Dis 10: 29
30. Hartley JE, Cureshi A, Farouk R, Duthie GS, et al (1996) Total mesorectal excision - assessment of the laparoscopic approach. Dis Colon Rectum 39: A39
31. Heald RJ, Huisband EM, Ryall RDH (1982) The mesorectum in rectal cancxer - the clue to pelvic recurrence? Br J Surg 69: 613
32. Heald RJ, Karanjia ND (1992) Results of radical surgery for rectal cancer. World J Surg 16: 848
33. Herfarth Ch, Hohenberger P (1989) Lymphadenektomie bei der Primärtherapie colorectaler Carcinome. Chirurg 60: 139
34. Herfarth Ch, Runkel N (1994) Chirurgische Standards beim primären Coloncarcinom. Chirurg 65: 514
35. Hermanek P jr, Wiebelt H, Riedl S, Staimmer D, et al (1994) Langzeitergebnisse der chirurgischen Therapie des Coloncarcinomes. Ergebnisse der Studiengruppe Kolorektales Karzinom (SGKRK). Chirurg 65: 287
36. Hermanek P, Wittekind C (1994) Laparoskopische Verfahren in der onkologischen Chirurgie ? Chirurg 65: 23
37. Hermanek P (1995) pTNM and residual tumor classifications: problems of assessment and prognostic significance. World J Surg 19: 184
38. Hermanek P (1996) Qualitätsmanagement bei Diagnose und Therapie kolorectaler Carcinome. Leber Magen Darm 26: 20
39. Herrera L, Villareal JR (1992) Incidence of métastases from rectal adenocarcinoma in small lymph nodes detected by the clearing technique. Dis Colon Rectum 35: 783
40. Hida JI, Mod N, Kubo R, Matsuda T, et al (1994) Metastases from carcinoma of the colon and rectum detected in small lymph nodes by the clearing method. J Am Coll Surg 178: 223
41. Hojo K, Koyama Y (1982) The effectiveness of wide anatomical resection and radical lymphadenectomy for patients with rectal cancer.. Jpn J Surg 12: 111
42. Hojo K, Sawada T, Moriya Y (1989) An analysis of survival and voiding, sexual function after wide iliopelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with carcinoma of the rectum, compared with conventional lymphadenectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 32: 128
43. Hyder JW, Talbott TM, Maycroft TC (1990) A critical review of chemical lymph node clearance and staging of colon and rectal cancer at Ferguson Hospital 1977 to 1982. Dis Colon Rectum 33: 923
44. Jamieson VK, Dobson VF (1909) The lymphatics of the colon. Ann Surg 50: 1077
45. Jatzko G, Lisborg P, Wette V (1992) Improving survival rates for patients with colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 79: 588
46. Jeffers MD, O, Dowd GD, Mulchahy H, Stagg M, et al (1994) The prognostic significance of immunohistochemically detected lymph node micrometastases in colorectall carcinoma. J Pathol 172: 183
47. Kameda K, Furusawa M, Mori M, Sugimachi K (1990) Proposed distal margin for resection of rectal cancer. Jpn J Cancer Res 80: 100
48. Kotanagi H, Fukuoka T, Shibata Y, Yoshioka T, et al (1993) The size of regional lymphnodes does not correlate with the presence or abscence of metastases in lymph nodes in rectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 54: 252
49. Lazorthes F, Voigt JJ, Roques J, Chiotasso P, Chevreau P (1990) Distal intramural spread of carcinoma of the rectum correlated with lymph node involvement. Surg Gynecol Obstet 170: 45
50. Lehnert T, Otto G, Herfarth Ch (1995) Therapeutic modalities and prognostic factors for primary and secondary liver tumors. World J Surg 19: 252
51. Malassagne B, Valleur P, Serra J, Sarnacki S, et al (1993) Relationship of apical lymph node involvement to survival in resected colon carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 36: 645
52. McFarlane JK, Ryall RDH, Heald RJ (1993) Mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. Lancet 341: 457
53. Miles EE (1908) A method of performing abdominoperineal excision for carcinoma of the rectum and terminal portion of the pelvic colon. Lancet 2: 1812
54. Moertel CG, Fleming TR, Macdonald JS, Haller DG, et al (1995) Fluorouracil plus levamisole as effective adjuvant therapy after resection of stage III colon carcinoma: a final report. Ann Int Med 122: 321
55. Moreira LF, Hizuta A, Iwagaki H, Orita K (1994) Lateral lymph node dissection for rectal carcinoma below the peritoneal reflection. Br J Surg 81: 293
56. Morikawa E, Yasutomi M, Shindou K, Matsuda T, et al (1994) Distribution of metastatic lymph nodes in colorectal cancer by the modified clearing method. Dis Colon Rectum 37: 219
57. Moriya Y, Hojo K, Sawada T, Koyama Y (1989) Significance of lateral node dissection for advanced rectal carcinoma at or below the peritoneal reflection. Dis Colon Rectum 32: 307
58. Moynihan BG (1908) The surgical treatment of cancer of the sigmoid flexure and rectum: with special reference to the principles to be observed. Surg Gynecol Obstet 6: 463
59. Nelson H, Weeks JC, Wieand HS (1995) Proposed phase III trial comparing laparoscopic-assisted colectomy versus open colectomy for colon cancer. Monogr Natl Cancer Inst 19: 51
60. Newland RC, Dent OF, Chapuis PH, Bokey L (1995) Survival after curative resection of lymph node negative colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 76: 564
61. Pezim ME, Nicholls RJ (1984) Survival after high or low ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery during curative surgery for rectal cancer. Ann Surg 200 729
62. Prokop A, Tübergen D, Pichlmaier H (1991) Chirurgische Therapie des kolorektalen Karzinoms. Internist 32: 335
63. Scott KWM, Grace RH (1989) Detection of lymph node metastases in colorectal cancer before and after fat clearance. Br J Surg 76: 1165
64. Scott KWM, Grace RH, Gibbons P (1994) Five year follow-up study of the fat clearance technique in colorectal carcinoma. Dis Colon Rectum 37: 126
65. Shida H, Ban K, Matsumoto M, Masuda K, et al (1992) Prognostic significance of location of lymph node metastases in colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 35: 1046
66. Songun I, Bonenkamp JJ, Sasako M, Bunt AMG, et al (1994) Current status of randomized studies about the extent of lymph node dissection. Dig Surg 11: 86
67. Stelzner F, Hansen H (1984) Begründung und Ergebnisse der knappen Kontinenzresektion beiom Carcinom. Langenbecks Arch Chir 363: 17
68. Surtees P, Ritchie JK, Phillips RKS (1990) High versus low ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in rectal cancer. Br J Surg 77: 618
69. Tate JJ, Kwok S, Dawson JW, Lau WY, Li AKC (1993) Prospective comparison of laparoscopic and conventional anterior resection. Br J Surg 80: 1396
70. Toyota S, Ohta H, Anazawa S (1995) Rationale for extent of lymph node dissection for right colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 38: 705
71. Westhues H (1934) Die pathologisch-anatomischen Grundlagen der Chirurgie des Rektumkarzinomes. Thieme, Leipzig.
72. Wilkinson EJ, Hause L (1974) Probability in lymph node sectioning. Cancer 33: 1269
73. Williams NS, Johnston D (1984) Survival and recurrence after sphincter saving resection and abdominoperineal and low anterior resection for rectal cancer. Br J Surg 71: 278
74. Wolmark N, Fisher B, Rockette H et al (1988) Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or BCG for colon cancer: results from NSABP protocol C-01. J Natl Cancer Inst 80: 30