메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue 8, 1996, Pages 302-307

The paraflagellar rod of Kinetoplastida: Solved and unsolved questions

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FLAGELLATE; FLAGELLUM; GENETIC ANALYSIS; MORPHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; RETINA ROD; REVIEW; STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

EID: 0030222026     PISSN: 01694758     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0169-4758(96)10031-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (71)

References (44)
  • 1
    • 0000946104 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of cyclical development in trypanosomes of the Trypanosoma brucei subgroup: A hypothesis based on ultrastructural observations
    • 1 Vickerman, K. (1962) The mechanism of cyclical development in trypanosomes of the Trypanosoma brucei subgroup: a hypothesis based on ultrastructural observations. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 56, 487-495
    • (1962) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.56 , pp. 487-495
    • Vickerman, K.1
  • 2
    • 0014317261 scopus 로고
    • The fine structure of the flagellum and kinetoplast-chondriome of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi in tissue culture
    • 2 Meyer, P. (1968) The fine structure of the flagellum and kinetoplast-chondriome of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi in tissue culture. J. Protozool. 15, 614-621
    • (1968) J. Protozool. , vol.15 , pp. 614-621
    • Meyer, P.1
  • 3
    • 0014556749 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopic studies on the intraflagellar structures of trypanosomes
    • 3 Fuge, H. (1969) Electron microscopic studies on the intraflagellar structures of trypanosomes. J. Protozool. 16, 460-466
    • (1969) J. Protozool. , vol.16 , pp. 460-466
    • Fuge, H.1
  • 4
    • 0002827648 scopus 로고
    • (Lumsden, W.H.R. and Evans, D.A., eds), Academic Press
    • 4 Vickerman, K. and Preston, T.M. (1976) in Biology of the Kinetoplastida, Vol. 1 (Lumsden, W.H.R. and Evans, D.A., eds), pp 35-130, Academic Press
    • (1976) Biology of the Kinetoplastida , vol.1 , pp. 35-130
    • Vickerman, K.1    Preston, T.M.2
  • 5
    • 0019146910 scopus 로고
    • The paraxial structure of the flagellum of Trypanosomatidae
    • 5 De Souza, W. and Souto-Padron, T. (1980) The paraxial structure of the flagellum of Trypanosomatidae. J. Parasitol. 66, 229-235
    • (1980) J. Parasitol. , vol.66 , pp. 229-235
    • De Souza, W.1    Souto-Padron, T.2
  • 6
    • 0022863150 scopus 로고
    • Further studies on the organization of the paraxial rod of trypanosomatids
    • 6 Farina, M. et al. (1986) Further studies on the organization of the paraxial rod of trypanosomatids. J. Protozool. 33, 552-557
    • (1986) J. Protozool. , vol.33 , pp. 552-557
    • Farina, M.1
  • 7
    • 0021315215 scopus 로고
    • Cell biology of Trypanosoma cruzi
    • 7 De Souza, W. (1984) Cell biology of Trypanosoma cruzi. Int. Rev. Cytol. 86, 197-283
    • (1984) Int. Rev. Cytol. , vol.86 , pp. 197-283
    • De Souza, W.1
  • 8
    • 0003027122 scopus 로고
    • The paraflagellar rod: A structure in search of a function
    • 8 Cachon, J. et al. (1988) The paraflagellar rod: a structure in search of a function. Biol. Cell 63, 169-181
    • (1988) Biol. Cell , vol.63 , pp. 169-181
    • Cachon, J.1
  • 9
    • 0026355354 scopus 로고
    • The Trypanosoma brucei cytoskeleton: Ultrastructure and localization of microtubule-associated and spectrin-like proteins using quick-freeze deep-etch, immunogold electron microscopy
    • 9 Hemphill, A., Seebeck, T. and Lawson, D. (1991) The Trypanosoma brucei cytoskeleton: ultrastructure and localization of microtubule-associated and spectrin-like proteins using quick-freeze deep-etch, immunogold electron microscopy. J. Struct. Biol. 107, 211-220
    • (1991) J. Struct. Biol. , vol.107 , pp. 211-220
    • Hemphill, A.1    Seebeck, T.2    Lawson, D.3
  • 10
    • 0020575482 scopus 로고
    • Structural and biochemical characterization of the paraflagellar rod structure of Crithidia fasciculata
    • 10 Russell, D.G. et al. (1983) Structural and biochemical characterization of the paraflagellar rod structure of Crithidia fasciculata. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 30, 137-143
    • (1983) Eur. J. Cell Biol. , vol.30 , pp. 137-143
    • Russell, D.G.1
  • 11
    • 0026005768 scopus 로고
    • The cytoskeletal architecture of Trypanosoma brucei
    • 11 Hemphill, A., Lawson, D. and Seebeck, T. (1991) The cytoskeletal architecture of Trypanosoma brucei. J. Parasitol. 77, 603-612
    • (1991) J. Parasitol. , vol.77 , pp. 603-612
    • Hemphill, A.1    Lawson, D.2    Seebeck, T.3
  • 12
    • 0024967876 scopus 로고
    • The cell division cycle of Trypanosoma brucei brucei: Timing of event markers and cytoskeleton modifications
    • 12 Sherwin, T. and Gull, K. (1989) The cell division cycle of Trypanosoma brucei brucei: timing of event markers and cytoskeleton modifications. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 323, 575-588
    • (1989) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B , vol.323 , pp. 575-588
    • Sherwin, T.1    Gull, K.2
  • 13
    • 0020332950 scopus 로고
    • The Euglena paraflagellar rod: Structure, relationship to other flagellar components and preliminary biochemical characterization
    • 13 Hyams, J. (1982) The Euglena paraflagellar rod: structure, relationship to other flagellar components and preliminary biochemical characterization. J. Cell Sci. 55, 199-210
    • (1982) J. Cell Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 199-210
    • Hyams, J.1
  • 14
    • 0024451447 scopus 로고
    • The major component of the paraflagellar rod of Trypanosoma brucei is a helical protein that is encoded by two identical, tandemly linked genes
    • 14 Schlaeppi, K., Deflorin, J. and Seebeck, T. (1989) The major component of the paraflagellar rod of Trypanosoma brucei is a helical protein that is encoded by two identical, tandemly linked genes. J. Cell Biol. 109, 1695-1709
    • (1989) J. Cell Biol. , vol.109 , pp. 1695-1709
    • Schlaeppi, K.1    Deflorin, J.2    Seebeck, T.3
  • 15
    • 0026785334 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for two distinct major protein components, PAR 1 and PAR 2, in the paraflagellar rod of Trypanosoma cruzi
    • 15 Beard, C.A. et al. (1992) Evidence for two distinct major protein components, PAR 1 and PAR 2, in the paraflagellar rod of Trypanosoma cruzi. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 21656-21662
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.267 , pp. 21656-21662
    • Beard, C.A.1
  • 16
    • 0021922155 scopus 로고
    • Homologies between paraflagellar rod proteins from trypanosomes and euglenoids revealed by a monoclonal antibody
    • 16 Gallo, J.M. and Schrevel, J. (1985) Homologies between paraflagellar rod proteins from trypanosomes and euglenoids revealed by a monoclonal antibody. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 36, 163-168
    • (1985) Eur. J. Cell Biol. , vol.36 , pp. 163-168
    • Gallo, J.M.1    Schrevel, J.2
  • 17
    • 0024763154 scopus 로고
    • Flagellar membrane and paraxial rod proteins of Leishmania: Characterization employing monoclonal antibodies
    • 17 Ismach, R. et al. (1989) Flagellar membrane and paraxial rod proteins of Leishmania: characterization employing monoclonal antibodies. J. Protozool. 36, 617-624
    • (1989) J. Protozool. , vol.36 , pp. 617-624
    • Ismach, R.1
  • 18
    • 0024516809 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of paraflagellar proteins from Trypanosoma cruzi
    • 18 Saborio, J.L. et al. (1989) Isolation and characterization of paraflagellar proteins from Trypanosoma cruzi. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 4071-4075
    • (1989) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.264 , pp. 4071-4075
    • Saborio, J.L.1
  • 19
    • 0026569702 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of cDNA clones encoding proteins of complex structures: Analysis of the Trypanosoma brucei cytoskeleton
    • 19 Birkett, C.R. et al. (1992) Isolation of cDNA clones encoding proteins of complex structures: analysis of the Trypanosoma brucei cytoskeleton. Gene 110, 65-70
    • (1992) Gene , vol.110 , pp. 65-70
    • Birkett, C.R.1
  • 20
    • 0029014312 scopus 로고
    • Control of gene expression in trypanosomes
    • 20 Van Hamme, L. and Pays, E. (1995) Control of gene expression in trypanosomes. Microbiol. Rev. 59, 223-240
    • (1995) Microbiol. Rev. , vol.59 , pp. 223-240
    • Van Hamme, L.1    Pays, E.2
  • 21
    • 0028036696 scopus 로고
    • The major components of the paraflagellar rod of Trypanosoma brucei are two similar, but distinct proteins which are encoded by two different gene loci
    • 21 Deflorin, J., Rudolf, M. and Seebeck, T. (1994) The major components of the paraflagellar rod of Trypanosoma brucei are two similar, but distinct proteins which are encoded by two different gene loci. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 27745-28751
    • (1994) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.269 , pp. 27745-28751
    • Deflorin, J.1    Rudolf, M.2    Seebeck, T.3
  • 22
    • 0024369960 scopus 로고
    • Definition of individual components within the cytoskeleton of Trypanosoma brucei by a library of monoclonal antibodies
    • 22 Woods, A. et al. (1989) Definition of individual components within the cytoskeleton of Trypanosoma brucei by a library of monoclonal antibodies. J. Cell Sci. 93, 491-500
    • (1989) J. Cell Sci. , vol.93 , pp. 491-500
    • Woods, A.1
  • 23
    • 0028023630 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterisation of a novel, repetitive protein of the paraflagellar rod in Trypanosoma brucei
    • 23 Woodward, R., Carden, M.J. and Gull, K. (1994) Molecular characterisation of a novel, repetitive protein of the paraflagellar rod in Trypanosoma brucei. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 67, 31-39
    • (1994) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. , vol.67 , pp. 31-39
    • Woodward, R.1    Carden, M.J.2    Gull, K.3
  • 24
    • 0028905831 scopus 로고
    • Repetitive proteins from the flagellar cytoskeleton of African trypanosomes are diagnostically useful antigens
    • 24 Imboden, M. et al. (1995) Repetitive proteins from the flagellar cytoskeleton of African trypanosomes are diagnostically useful antigens. Parasitology 110, 249-258
    • (1995) Parasitology , vol.110 , pp. 249-258
    • Imboden, M.1
  • 25
    • 0016798011 scopus 로고
    • ATPase activity in flagella from Euglena gracilis. Localization of the enzyme and effects of detergents
    • 25 Piccini, E., Albergoni, V. and Coppellotti, O. (1975) ATPase activity in flagella from Euglena gracilis. Localization of the enzyme and effects of detergents. J. Protozool. 22, 331-335
    • (1975) J. Protozool. , vol.22 , pp. 331-335
    • Piccini, E.1    Albergoni, V.2    Coppellotti, O.3
  • 26
    • 0021890910 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation in Trypanosoma brucei: Host-parasite cell junctions and their persistence during acquisition of the variable antigen coat
    • 26 Tetley, L. and Vickerman, K. (1985) Differentiation in Trypanosoma brucei: host-parasite cell junctions and their persistence during acquisition of the variable antigen coat. J. Cell Sci. 74, 1-19
    • (1985) J. Cell Sci. , vol.74 , pp. 1-19
    • Tetley, L.1    Vickerman, K.2
  • 27
    • 0016259250 scopus 로고
    • Leishmania in phlebotomite sandflies. 1. Modifications of the flagellum associated with attachment to the midgut and oesophageal valve of the sandfly
    • 27 Killick-Kendrick R., Molyneux, D.H. and Ashford, R.W. (1974) Leishmania in phlebotomite sandflies. 1. Modifications of the flagellum associated with attachment to the midgut and oesophageal valve of the sandfly. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 187, 409-419
    • (1974) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B , vol.187 , pp. 409-419
    • Killick-Kendrick, R.1    Molyneux, D.H.2    Ashford, R.W.3
  • 28
    • 0015168092 scopus 로고
    • Flagellar attachment and detachment of Crithidia fasciculata to the gut wall of Anopheles gambiae
    • 28 Brooker, B.E. (1971) Flagellar attachment and detachment of Crithidia fasciculata to the gut wall of Anopheles gambiae. Protoplasma 73, 191-202
    • (1971) Protoplasma , vol.73 , pp. 191-202
    • Brooker, B.E.1
  • 29
    • 84985143591 scopus 로고
    • Cryptobia sp. in the snail Triadopsis multilineata (Say): Fine structure of attached flagellates and their mode of attachment to the spermatheca
    • 29 Current, W.L. (1980) Cryptobia sp. in the snail Triadopsis multilineata (Say): fine structure of attached flagellates and their mode of attachment to the spermatheca. J. Protozool. 27, 278-287
    • (1980) J. Protozool. , vol.27 , pp. 278-287
    • Current, W.L.1
  • 30
    • 0015885540 scopus 로고
    • The mode of attachment of Trypanosoma vivax in the proboscis in the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes: An ultrastructural study of the epimastigote stage of the trypanosome
    • 30 Vickerman, K. (1973) The mode of attachment of Trypanosoma vivax in the proboscis in the tsetse fly Glossina fuscipes: an ultrastructural study of the epimastigote stage of the trypanosome. J. Protozool. 20, 394-404
    • (1973) J. Protozool. , vol.20 , pp. 394-404
    • Vickerman, K.1
  • 31
    • 0024249628 scopus 로고
    • Flagellar wave reversal in the kinetoplastid flagellate Crithidia oncopelti
    • 31 Sugrue, P. et al. (1988) Flagellar wave reversal in the kinetoplastid flagellate Crithidia oncopelti. Biol. Cell 63, 127-131
    • (1988) Biol. Cell , vol.63 , pp. 127-131
    • Sugrue, P.1
  • 32
    • 0000653884 scopus 로고
    • The motion of Strigomonas oncopelti
    • 32 Holwill, M.E.J. (1965) The motion of Strigomonas oncopelti. J. Exp. Biol. 42, 125-137
    • (1965) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.42 , pp. 125-137
    • Holwill, M.E.J.1
  • 33
    • 0012015128 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the shape and propagation of waves of the flagellum of Crithidia oncopelti
    • 33 Johnston, D.M., Silvester, N.R. and Holwill, M.E.J. (1979) An analysis of the shape and propagation of waves of the flagellum of Crithidia oncopelti. J. Exp. Biol. 80, 299-315
    • (1979) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.80 , pp. 299-315
    • Johnston, D.M.1    Silvester, N.R.2    Holwill, M.E.J.3
  • 34
    • 0014858585 scopus 로고
    • The effects of laser microbeam irradiation of the flagellae of Crithidia (Strigomonas) oncopelti
    • 34 Goldstein, S.F., Holwill, M.E.J. and Silvester, N.R. (1970) The effects of laser microbeam irradiation of the flagellae of Crithidia (Strigomonas) oncopelti. J. Exp. Biol. 58, 401-409
    • (1970) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.58 , pp. 401-409
    • Goldstein, S.F.1    Holwill, M.E.J.2    Silvester, N.R.3
  • 35
    • 0016988839 scopus 로고
    • Effects of calcium on flagellar movement in the trypanosome Crithidia oncopelti
    • 35 Holwill, M.E.J. and McGregor, J.L. (1976) Effects of calcium on flagellar movement in the trypanosome Crithidia oncopelti. J. Exp. Biol. 65, 229-242
    • (1976) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.65 , pp. 229-242
    • Holwill, M.E.J.1    McGregor, J.L.2
  • 36
    • 0024757889 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the attachment of Leishmania flagella to sand-fly midgut epithelium
    • 36 Warburg, A., Tesh, R.B. and McMahon-Pratt, D. (1989) Studies on the attachment of Leishmania flagella to sand-fly midgut epithelium. J. Protozool. 36, 613-617
    • (1989) J. Protozool. , vol.36 , pp. 613-617
    • Warburg, A.1    Tesh, R.B.2    McMahon-Pratt, D.3
  • 37
    • 0001196174 scopus 로고
    • (Lumsden, W.H.R. and Evans, D.A., eds), Academic Press
    • 37 Wallace, F.G. (1979) in Biology of the Kinetoplastida, Vol. 2, (Lumsden, W.H.R. and Evans, D.A., eds), pp 213-240, Academic Press
    • (1979) Biology of the Kinetoplastida , vol.2 , pp. 213-240
    • Wallace, F.G.1
  • 38
    • 0028814212 scopus 로고
    • Transfection as a tool to study organelle biogenesis in Trypanosoma brucei
    • 38 Parsons, M. (1995) Transfection as a tool to study organelle biogenesis in Trypanosoma brucei. Parasitol.Today 11, 25-27
    • (1995) Parasitol.Today , vol.11 , pp. 25-27
    • Parsons, M.1
  • 39
    • 0019483688 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural differences between species of Trypanosomatids with and without endosymbionts
    • 39 Freymuller, E. and Camargo, E.P. (1981) Ultrastructural differences between species of Trypanosomatids with and without endosymbionts. J. Protozool. 28, 175-182
    • (1981) J. Protozool. , vol.28 , pp. 175-182
    • Freymuller, E.1    Camargo, E.P.2
  • 40
    • 0026228126 scopus 로고
    • Herpetomonas roitmani (Fiorini et al., 1989) N. Comb: a trypanosomatid with a bacterium-like endosymbiont in the cytoplasm
    • 40 Faria F. Silva, P.M. et al. (1991) Herpetomonas roitmani (Fiorini et al., 1989) N. Comb: a trypanosomatid with a bacterium-like endosymbiont in the cytoplasm. J. Protozool. 38, 489-494
    • (1991) J. Protozool. , vol.38 , pp. 489-494
    • Faria, F.1    Silva, P.M.2
  • 41
    • 0027138234 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of nuclear ribosomal RNAs in kinetoplastid Protozoa: Perspectives on the ages and origins of parasitism
    • 41 Fernandes, A.P., Nelson, K. and Beverley, S.M. (1993) Evolution of nuclear ribosomal RNAs in kinetoplastid Protozoa: perspectives on the ages and origins of parasitism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A .90, 11608-11612
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.90 , pp. 11608-11612
    • Fernandes, A.P.1    Nelson, K.2    Beverley, S.M.3
  • 42
    • 0028027296 scopus 로고
    • Monophyletic origin of beta-division protobacterial endosymbionts and their coevolution with insect trypanosomatid protozoa Blastocrithidia culicis and Crithidia spp
    • 42 Du, Y., Maslow, D.A. amd Chang, K.P. (1994) Monophyletic origin of beta-division protobacterial endosymbionts and their coevolution with insect trypanosomatid protozoa Blastocrithidia culicis and Crithidia spp. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A .91, 8437-8441
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.91 , pp. 8437-8441
    • Du, Y.1    Maslow, D.A.2    Chang, K.P.3
  • 43
    • 0016810319 scopus 로고
    • Reduced growth of Blastocrithidia culicis and Crithidia oncopelti freed of intracellular symbiontes by chloramphenicol
    • 43 Chang, K.P. (1975) Reduced growth of Blastocrithidia culicis and Crithidia oncopelti freed of intracellular symbiontes by chloramphenicol. J. Protozool. 22, 271-276
    • (1975) J. Protozool. , vol.22 , pp. 271-276
    • Chang, K.P.1
  • 44
    • 0017763292 scopus 로고
    • Endosymbiont as supplier of ornithine carbamoyltransferase in a trypanosomatid
    • 44 Camargo, E.P. and Freymuller, E. (1977) Endosymbiont as supplier of ornithine carbamoyltransferase in a trypanosomatid. Nature 270, 52-53
    • (1977) Nature , vol.270 , pp. 52-53
    • Camargo, E.P.1    Freymuller, E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.