Methods for studying experimental myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injury

Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 179-190

  Black, S C ^a   Rodger, I W ^a  

^a MERCK FROSST CENTRE FOR THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH   (Canada)

Author keywords

Infarct size; Ischemic myocardium; Neutrophil accumulation; Reperfusion injury; Stain; Triphenyltetrazolium

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; APOPTOSIS; CAT; DOG; FEMALE; HEART INFARCTION SIZE; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART VENTRICLE FIBRILLATION; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; RABBIT; RAT; REPERFUSION INJURY; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; SWINE;

EID: 0030221610     PISSN: 10568719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/1056-8719(96)00051-2     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. Ambrosio G, Becker LC, Hutchins GM, Weisman HF, Weisfedlt, ML (1986) Reduction in experimental infarct size by recombinant human superoxide dismutase: Insights into the pathophysiology of reperfusion injury. J Clin Invest 80:1728-1734.
2. Amsterdam EA, Stahl GL, Pan HL, Rendig RV, Fletcher MP, Longhurst JC (1995) Limitation of reperfusion injury by a monoclonal antibody to C5a during myocardial infarctions in pigs. Am J Physiol 268:H448-H457.
3. +channel opener Aprikalim (RP 52891) reduces experimental infarct size in dogs in the absence of hemodynamic changes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 259:961-967.
4. Auchampach JA, Maruyama M, Cavero I, Gross GJ (1992) Pharmacological evidence for a role of ATP-dependent potassium channels in myocardial stunning. Circulation 86:311-319.
5. Black SC, Driscoll EM, Lucchesi BR (1992) Inhibition of platelet-activating factor fails to limit ischemia and reperfusion-induced myocardial damage. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 20:997-1005.
6. Black SC, Gralinski MR, Friedrichs GS, Kilfore KS, Driscoll EM, Lucchesi BR (1995) Cardioprotective effects of heparin or N-acetylheparin in an in vivo model of myocardial ischaemic and reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 29:629-636.
7. Bullard DC, Qin L, Lorenzo I, Quinlin WM, Doyle NA, Bossa R, Vestweber D, Doerschuk QM, Beaudet AL (1995) P-selectin/ ICAM-1 double mutant mice: Acute emigration of neutrophils into the peritoneum is completely absent but is normal into pulmonary alveoli. J Clin Invest 95:1782-1788.
8. Chi L, Tamura Y, Hoff PT, Macha M, Gallgher KP, Schork MA, Lucchesi BR (1989) Effect of superoxide dismutase on myocardial infarct size in the canine heart after 6 hours of regional ischemia and reperfusion: A demonstration of myocardial salvage. Circ Res 64:665-675.
9. Chien KR (1995) Cardiac muscle diseases in genetically engineered mice: Evolution of molecular physiology. Am J Physiol 269:H755-H766.
10. Damm CJ, Bigger JT, Ursell PC, Steinberg JS, Smith R, Lennon PF, Cook JR (1995) Computer-assisted mapping of infarcted and viable regions of gross cardiac sections following experimental myocardial infarction. Computers Biomed Res 28:221-238.
11. Domenech RJ, Hoffman JIE, Noble MIM, Saunders KB, Henson JR, Subijanto S. (1969) Total and regional coronary blood flow measured by radioactive microspheres in conscious and anesthetized dogs. Circ Res 25:581-596.
12. Entman ML, Michael L., Rossen RD, Dreyer WJ, Anderson DC, Taylor AA, Smith CW (1991) Inflammation in the course of early myocardial ischemia. FASEB J 5:2529-2537.
13. Entman ML, Smith CW (1994) Postreperfusion inflammation: A model for reaction to injury in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 28:1301-1311.
14. Fishbein MC, Meerbaum S, Rit J, Lando U, Kanmatsuse K, Mercier JC, Corday E, Ganz W (1981) Early phase acute myocardial infarct size quantitation: validation of the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride tissue enzyme staining technique. Am Heart J 101:593-600.
15. Flameng W, Vanhaecke J, Lesaffre E (1989) Limitation of experimental infarct size by drugs. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 14:S29-S33.
16. Gallagher KP, Buda AJ, Pace D, Gerren RA, Shlafer M (1986) Failure of superoxide dismutase and catalase to alter infarct size in conscious dogs after 3 hours of occlusion followed by reperfusion. Circulation 73:1065-1076.
17. Gottlieb RA, Burleson KO, Kloner RA, Bablor BN, Engler RL (1993): Reperfusion injury induces apoptosis in rabbit cardiomyocytes. J Clin Invest 94:1621-1628.
18. Goulet JL, Snouwaert JN, Latour AM, Coffman TM, Koller BH (1994) Altered inflammatory responses in leukotriene-deficient mice. Proceedings National Acad Sci 91:12852-12856.
19. Gross GJ, Auchampach JA (1992) Blockage of ATP-sensitive potassium channels prevents myocardial preconditioning in dogs. Circ Res 70:223-233.
20. Grover GJ, Dzwonczyk S, Sleph PG, Sargent CA (1993) The ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker glibenclamide (glyburide) does not abolish preconditioning in ischemic rat hearts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 265:559-564.
21. Hale SL, Alker KJ, Kloner RA (1988) Evaluation of nonradioactive colored microspheres for measurement of regional myocardial blood flow in dogs. Circulation 78:428-434.
22. Hansen PR (1995) Role of neutrophils in myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Circulation 91:1872-1885.
23. Hearse DJ, Humphrey SM, and Chain EB (1973) Abrupt reoxygenation of the anoxic potassium-arrested perfused rat heart: a model of myocardial enzyme release. J Molec Cell Cardiol 5(4):395-407.
24. Heymann MA, Payne BD, Hoffman JIE, Rudolph AM (1977) Blood flow measurements with radionuclide-labeled particles. Progress Cardiovasc Disease 20:55-79.
25. Hill JH, Ward, PA (1971) The phlogistic role of C3 leukotactic fragmant in myocardinal infarcts of rats. J Exp Med 133:885-900.
26. Holmbom B, Naslund, U, Eriksson A, Virtanen I, Thornell LE (1993) comparison of triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining versus detection of fibronectin in experimental myocardial infarction. Histochemistry 99:265-275.
27. Homeister JW, Hoff PT, Fletcher DD, Lucchesi BR (1990) Combined adenosine and lidocaine administration limits myocardial reperfusion injury. Circulation 82:595-608.
28. Jennings RB, Steenbergen C, Reimer KA (1995) Myocardinal ischemia and reperfusion. Monographs Pathol 37:47-80.
29. Jolly SR, Kane WJ, Ballie WB, Abrams GD, Lucchesi BR (1984) Canine myocardial reperfusion injury: its reduction by the combined administration of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Circ Res 54:227-285.
30. Kajstura J, Cheng W, Reiss K, Clark WA, Sonnenblick EH, Krajewski S, Reed JC, Olivetti G, Anversa P (1996) Apoptotic and necrotic myocyte cell deaths are independent contributing variables of infarct size in rats. Lab Invest 74:86-107.
31. Kinsman JM, Murry CE, Richards VJ, Jennings RB, Reimer KA (1988) The xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinal does not limit infarct size in a canine model of 40 minutes of ischemia with reperfusion. J Am Coll Cardiol 12:209-217.
32. Kloner RA (1993) Does reperfusion injury exist in humans? J Am Coll Cardiol 21:537-545.
33. Kowallik P, Schulz R, Guth BD, Schade A, Paffhausen W, Gross R, Heusch G (1991) Measurement of regional myocardial blood flow with multiple colored microspheres. Circulation 83:974-982.
34. Lee JA (1995) The pathology of cardiac ischemia: Cellular and molecular aspects. J Pathol 175:167-174.
35. Lesfnesky EJ, VanBenthuysen KM, McMurty IF, Shikes RH, Johnson RB, Horwitz LD (1989) Lidocaine reduces canine infarct size and decreases release of a lipid peroxidation product. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 13:895-901.
36. Lie JT, Pairolero PC, Holley KE, Titus JL (1975) Macrospopic enzyme-mapping verification of large, homogeneous, experimental myocardial infarcts of predictable size and location in dogs. J Thor Cardiovasc Surg 69:599-605.
37. Liu Y, Downey JM (1992) Ischemic preconditioning protects against infarction in rat heart. Am J Physiol 263:H1107-H1112.
38. Long X, Bolut MO, Cirielli C, Capogrossi MC, Lakatta EG, Crow MT (1995) Enhanced expression of p53 in hypoxia-induced apoptosis of cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Circulation 92:I-772.
39. Lucchesi BR (1994) Complement, neutrophils and free radicals: mediators of reperfusion injury. Arzneimittel-Forsch 44:420-432.
40. MacClean LD, Hedenstrom PH, Kim YS (1961) Distribution of blood flow to the canine heart. Proceedings Soc Exp Biol Med 107:786-789.
41. Marber MS, Mestril R, Chi SH, Sayen MR, Yellon DM, Dillmann WH (1995) Overexpression of the rat inducible 70-kD heat stress protein in a transgenic mouse increases resistance of the heart to ischemic injury. J Clinical Invest 95:1446-1456.
42. Maruyama M, Farber NE, Vercellotti GM, Jacob HS, Gross GJ (1990) Evidence for a role of platelet-activating factor in the pathogenesis of irreversible but not reversible myocardial injury after reperfusion in dogs. Am Heart J 120:510-520.
43. Maxwell MP, Hearse DJ, Yellon DM (1987) Species variation in the coronary collateral circulation during regional myocardial ischaemia: a critical determinant of the rate of evolution and extent of myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 21:737-746.
44. McVeigh JJ, Lopaschuk GD (1990) Dichloracetate stimulation of glucose oxidation improves recovery of ischemic rat hearts. Am J Physiol 259:H1079-H1085.
45. Michael LM, Entman ML, Hartley CJ, Youker KA, Zhu J, Hall SR, Hawkins HK, Berens K, Ballantyne CM (1995) Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion: a murine model. American J Physiol 269: H2147-H2154.
46. Milano C, Allen L, Rockman H, Dolber P, McMinn T, Chein K, Johnson T, Bond R, Lefkowitz R (1994) Enhanced myocardial function in transgenic mice overexpressing the b2-adrenergic receptor. Science 264:582-586.
47. Mizamura T, Nithipatikom K, Gross GJ (1995) Bimikalim, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, mimics the effects of ischemic preconditioning to reduce infarct size, adenosine release, and neutrophil function in dogs. Circulation 92:1236-1245.
48. Mody FV, Buxton DB, Arauja LI, Fishbein ME, Selin CE, Schelbert HR, Schwaiger M (1993) Blood flow-dependent uptake of indium-111 monoclonal antimyosin antibody in canine acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 21:233-239.
49. Morita Y, Payne BD, Aldea GS, Wattes C, Huseini W, Mori H, Hoffman JIE, Kaufmann L (1990) Local blood flow measurements by fluorescence excitation of nonradioactive microspheres. Am J Physiol 258:H1573-H1584.
50. Mullane KM, Read N, Salmon JA, Moncada S (1984) Role of leukocytes in acute myocardial infarction in anesthetized dogs: Relationship to myocardial salvage by anti-inflammatory drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 228:510-522.
51. Murohara Y, Yui Y, Hattori R, Kawai C (1991) Effects of superoxide dismutase on reperfusion arrhythmias and left ventricular function in patients undergoing thrombolysis for anterior wall acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 67:765-767.
52. Murray CE, Jennings RB, Reimer KA (1986) Preconditioning with ischemia: A delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation 74:1124-1136.
53. Nasser FN, Walls JT, Edwards WD, Harrison CE (1980) Lidocaine-induced reduction in size of experimental myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 46:967-975.
54. Naylor WG, Perry SE, Elz JS, Daly MJ (1984) Calcium, sodium and the calcium paradox. Circ Res 55:227-237.
55. Neumann F-J, Ott I, Gawaz M, Richardss G, Holzapfel H, Jochum M, Schömig A (1995) Cardiac release of cytokines and inflammatory responses in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 92:748-755.
56. Plumier JC, Ross BM, Currie RW, Angelidis CE, Kazlaris H, Kollias G, Pagapoulatos GN (1995) Transgenic mice expressing the human heat shock protein 70 have improved post-ischemic myocardial recovery. J Clin Invest 95:1854-1860.
57. Pohlman AG (1909) The course of the blood through the heart of the fetal animal, with a note on the reptilian and amphibian circulation. Anat Rec 3:75-109.
58. Pryzklenk K, Sussman MA, Simkhovich BZ, Kloner RA (1995) does ischemic preconditioning trigger translocation of protein kinase C in the canine model? Circulation 92:1546-1557.
59. Przyklenk K, Bauer B, Ovize M, Kloner RA, and Whittaker P (1993) Regional ischemic "preconditioning" protects remote virgin myocardium from subsequent sustained coronary occlusion. Circulation 87:893-899.
60. Przyklenk K, Ovize M, Bauer B, Kloner RA (1995) Gender does not influence acute myocardial infarction in adult dogs. Am Heart J 129:1108-1113.
61. Reaume AG, DeSouza PA, Kulkarni S, Langille BL, Davies TC, Juneja SC, Kidder DM, Rossant J (1995) Cardiac malformation in neonatal mice lacking connexin43. Science 267:1831-1834.
62. Reimer KA, Jennings RB, Cobb FR, Murdock RH, Jr, JCG, Becker LC, Bulkley BH, Hutchins GM, Jr, RPS, Bailey KR, Passamani, ER (1985) Animal models for protecting ischemic myocardium: Results of the NHLBI cooperative study. Circ Res 56:651-665.
63. Reimer KA, Lower JE, Rasmussen MM, Jennings RB (1979). The wavefront phenomenon of myocardial ischemic cell death: I. Myocardian infarct size vs. the duration of coronary occlusion in dogs. Circulation 56:786-794.
64. Rich-Edwards JW, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, Buring JE (1995) The primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women N Engl J Med 332:1758-1766.
65. Romson JL, Hook BG, Kunkel SL, Abrams GD, Schork MA, Lucchesi BR (1983) Reduction in the extent of myocardial infarct injury by neutrophil depletion in the dog. Circulation 67:1016-1023.
66. Rosenkrantz ER, Buckberg GD (1983) Myocardial protection during surgical coronary reperfusion. J Am Coll Cardiol 1:1235-1246.
67. Rudolph AM, Heymann MA (1967) The circulation of the fetus in utero: Methods for studying distribution of blood flow, cardiac output and organ blood flow. Circ Res 21:163-184.
68. Sabia PJ, Powers ER, Ragoosta M, Sarembock IJ, Burwell LR, Kaul S (1992) An association between collateral blood flow and myocardial viability in patients with recent myocardial infarction. N Eng J Med 327:1825-1831.
69. Searle J, Kerr JF, Bishop CJ (1982) Necrosis and apoptosis: distinct modes of cell death with fundamentally different significance. Pathology Ann 17:229-259.
70. Shirato C, Miura T, Ooiwa H, Toyofuku T, Wilborn WH, Downey JM (1989) Tetrazolium artifactually indicates superoxide dismutase-induced salvage in reperfused rabbit heart. J Molec Cell Cardiol 21:1187-1193.
71. Simpson PJ, Todd RF, Fantone JC, Michelson JK, Griffin JD, Lucchesi BR (1988) Reduction of experimental canine myocardial reperfusion injury by a monoclonal antibody (Anti-Mol, Anti-CD11b) that inhibits leukocyte adhesion. J Clin Invest 81:624-629.
72. Sligh JE, Ballantyne CM, Rich SS, Hawkins HK, Smith CW, Bradley A, Beaudet AL (1993) Inflammatory and immune responses are impaired in ICAM-1 deficient mice. Proceedings National Acad Sci 90:8529-8533.
73. Stoltzfus L, Rubin EM (1994) Atherogenesis: insights from the study of transgenic and gene-targeted mice. Trends Cardiovasc Med 3:130-134.
74. Tanaka M, Richard VJ, Murray CE, Jenings RB, Reimer KA (1993) Superoxide dismutase plus catalase therapy delays neither cell death nor the loss of the TTC reaction in experimental myocardial infarction in dogs. J Molec Cel Cardiol 25:367-378.
75. Toombs CF, Moore TL, Shebuski RJ (1993) Limitation of infarct size int he rabbit by ischaemic preconditioning is reversible with glibenclamide. Cardiovasc Res 27:617-622.
76. Verbinski SG, Schwartz LM, Heide RSV, Reimer KA (1995) Minor variation in pericardial temperature is a major predictor of infarct size in dogs. Circulation 92:I-457.
77. Vivaldi MT, Kloner RA, Schoen FJ (1985). Triphenyltetrazolium staining of irreversible ischemic injury following coronary artery occludion in rats. Am J Pathol 121:522-530.
78. Wahlund G, Markland SL, Sjoquist P-O (1992) Extracellular-superoxide dismutase type C (EC-SOD C) reduces myocardial damage in rats subjected to coronary occlusion and 24 hours of reperfusion. Free Rad Res Commun 17:41-47.
79. Walsh RS, Tsuchida A, Daly JJ, Thornton JD, Cohen MV, Downey JM (1994) Ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia permits a KATP channel antagonist to attenuate preconditioning in rabbit myocardium. Cardiovasc Res 28:1337-1341.
80. Ward PA (1995) Adhesion molecule knockout: One step forward and one step backward J Clin Invest 95:1425.
81. Weisman H, Barton T, Leppo MK (1990) Soluble human complement receptor type I: In vivo inhibitor of complement suppressing post-ischemic myocardial inflammation and necrosis. Science 249: 146-151.
82. Werns SW, Brinker J, Graber J, Rothbaum D, Heuser R, George B, Burwell L, Kereiakes D, Mancini GB, Flaherty, JA (1989). A randomized double-blind trial of recombinant human superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients undergoing PTCA for acute MI. Circulation 80:II-213.
83. Ytrehus K, Liu Y, Tsuchida A, Miura T, Liu GS, Yang X-M, Herbert D, Cohen, MV, Downey KM (1994) Rat and rabbit heart infarction: effects of anesthesia perfusate, risk zone, and method of infarct sizing. American J Physiol 267:H2383-H2390.
84. Zolle I, Rhodes BA, Wagner HN (1970) Preparation of metabolizable radioactive human serum albumin microspheres for studies of the circulation. International J Applied Rad Isotopes 21:155-167.