Sequence variation in the Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumolysin gene affecting haemolytic activity and electrophoretic mobility of the toxin

Microbial Pathogenesis

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 71-83

  Lock, Robert A ^a   Zhang, Qing Yang ^a   Berry, Anne M ^a   Paton, James C ^a  

^a WOMEN S AND CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

haemolytic activity; pneumococcus; pneumolysin; sequence variation; Streptococcus pneumoniae

Indexed keywords

PNEUMOLYSIN; TOXIN;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HEMOLYSIS; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; INFECTION CONTROL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; SEROTYPE; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); ESCHERICHIA COLI; PNEUMOCOCCUS; STREPTOCOCCUS; STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE;

EID: 0030219032     PISSN: 08824010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/mpat.1996.0044     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. 1. Austrian R. Some observations on the pneumococcus and on the current status of pneumococcal disease and its prevention. Rev Infect Dis 1981; 3 (Suppl.): S1-17.
2. 2. Klugman KP. Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics. Clin Microbiol Rev 1990; 3: 171-96.
3. 3. Spika JS, Facklam RR, Plikaytis BD, Oxtoby MJ, Pneumococcal Surveillance Working Party. Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States, 1979-1987. J Infect Dis 1991; 163: 1273-8.
4. 4. Douglas RM, Miles HB. Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae in childhood: lack of demonstrable benefit in young Australian children. J Infect Dis 1984; 149: 861-9.
5. 5. Shapiro ED, Berg AT, Austrian R, Schroeder D, Parcells V, Margolis A, Adair RK, Clemens JD. The protective efficacy of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1453-60.
6. 6. Paton JC, Andrew PW, Boulnois GJ, Mitchell TJ. Molecular analysis of the pathogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae: the role of pneumococcal proteins. Annu Rev Microbiol 1993; 47: 89-115.
7. 7. Smyth CJ, Duncan JL. Thiol-activated (oxygen-labile) cytolysins. In: Jeljaszewicz J, Wadstrom T, Eds. Bacterial Toxins and Cell Membranes. New York: Academic Press, 1978: 129-83.
8. 8. Boulnois GJ, Paton JC, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW. Structure and function of pneumolysin, the multifunctional, thiol-activated toxin of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mol Microbiol 1991; 5:2611-16.
9. 9. Saunders FK, Mitchell TJ, Walker JA, Andrew PW, Boulnois, GJ. Pneumolysin, the thiol-activated toxin of Streptococcus pneumoniae, does not require a thiol group for in vitro activity. Infect Immun 1989; 57: 2547-52.
10. 10. Berry AM, Yother J, Briles DE, Hansman D, Paton JC. Reduced virulence of a defined pneumolysin-negative mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 1989; 57: 2037-42.
11. 11. Berry AM, Paton JC, Hansman D. Effect of insertional inactivation of the genes encoding pneumolysin and autolysin on the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3. Microb Pathogen 1992; 12: 87-93.
12. 12. Mitchell TJ, Mendez FJ, Paton JC, Andrew PW, Boulnois GJ. Comparison of pneumolysin genes and proteins from Streptococcus pneumoniae types 1 and 2. Nucleic Acids Res 1990; 18: 4010.
13. 13. Paton JC, Lock RA, Lee C-J, Li JP, Berry AM, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW, Hansman D, Boulnois GJ. Purification and immunogenicity of genetically obtained pneumolysin toxoids and their conjugation to Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19F polysaccharide. Infect Immun 1991; 59: 2297-303.
14. 14. Alexander JE, Lock RA, Peeters CCAM, Poolman JT, Andrew PW, Mitchell TJ, Hansman D, Paton JC. Immunization of mice with pneumolysin toxoid confers a sigificant degree of protection against at least nine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 5683-8.
15. 15. Paton JC, Lock RA, Hansman D. Effect of immunization with pneumolysin on survival time of mice challenged with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 1983; 40: 548-52.
16. 16. Walker JA, Allen RL, Falmagne P, Johnson MK, Boulnois GJ. Molecular cloning, characterization and complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for pneumolysin, the sulfhydryl-activated toxin of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 1987; 55: 1184-9.
17. 17. Bennett N, Alexander JA, Andrew PW, Mitchell TJ. Restriction and sequence analysis of the pneumolysin genes from Streptococcus pneumoniae of different serotype and origin. Microb Pathogen 1996; Manuscript submitted.
18. 18. Berry AM, Alexander JE, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW, Hansman D, Paton JC. Effect of defined point mutations in the pneumolysin gene on the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 1969-74.
19. 19. Paton JC, Rowan-Kelly B, Ferrante A. Activation of human complement by the pneumococcal toxin pneumolysin. Infect Immun 1984; 43: 1085-7.
20. 20. Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW, Saunders FK, Smith AN, Boulnois GJ. Complement activation and antibody binding by pneumolysin via a region of the toxin homologous to a human acute phase protein. Mol Microbiol 1991; 5: 1883-8.
21. 21. Rubins JB, Charboneau D, Paton JC, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW, Janoff EN. Dual function of pneumolysin in the early pathogenesis of murine pneumococcal pneumonia. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 142-50.
22. 22. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analyt Biochem 1976; 72: 248-54.
23. 23. Laemmli UK. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970; 227: 680-5.
24. 24. Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1979; 76: 4350-4.
25. 25. Paton JC, Berry AM, Lock RA, Hansman D, Manning PA. Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the Streptococcus pneumoniae gene encoding pneumolysin. Infect Immun 1986; 54: 50-55.
26. 26. Rinderknecht H, Geokas MC, Silverman P, Kaverback BJ. A new ultrasensitive method for the determination of proteolytic activity. Clin Chim Acta 1968; 21: 197-203.
27. 27. Williams KL, Gooley AA, Haynes PA, Batley M, Curtin JH, Stuart MC, Champion AC, Sheumack DD, Redmond JW. Analytical biotechnology: applications for downstream processing. Aust J Biotech 1991; 5: 96-100.
28. 28. Henikoff S. Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing. Gene 1984; 28: 351-59.
29. 29. Morelle G. A plasmid extraction procedure on a miniprep scale. Focus 1989; 11.1: 7-8.