Controlled Black Liquor Viscosity Reduction through Salting-in

AIChE Journal

Volumn 42, Issue 8, 1996, Pages 2319-2326

  Roberts, Joanna E ^a   Khan, Saad A ^a   Spontak, Richard J ^a  

^a North Carolina State University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADDITION REACTIONS; AGENTS; CYANIDES; IONS; KRAFT PROCESS; PH; POLYMERS; SALTS; SOLUBILITY; SOLUTIONS; TEMPERATURE; VISCOSITY;

ANIONS; BLACK LIQUOR; SALTING IN; SOLIDS CONTENT; THIOCYANATE; VISCOSITY REDUCTION;

WASTEWATER;

EID: 0030214549     PISSN: 00011541     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/aic.690420821     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Atkins, P. W., General Chemistry, Chaps. 13 and 15, Scientific American Books, New York (1989).
2. Balzer, D., "Cloud Point Phenomenon in the Phase Behavior of Alkyl Polyglucosides in Water," Langmuir, 9, 3375 (1993).
3. Boone, M. T., "Recovery Enhancement Through Ultra High Solids," Tapi Kraft Recovery Operations Short Course, Tappi Press, Atlanta, p. 93 (1991).
4. Conway, B. E., Ionic Hydration in Chemistry and Biophysics, Chap. 20, Elsevier, Canada (1981).
5. Edsall, J. T., and J. Wyman, Biophysical Chemistry, Vol. 1, Chap. 5, Academic Press, New York (1958).
6. Ferry, J. D., Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York (1980).
7. Frank, H. S., and M. W. Evans, "Free Volume and Entropy in Condensed Systems," J. Chem. Phys., 13, 507 (1945).
8. Frank, H. S., and W.-Y. Wen, "Ion Solvent Interaction (III)," Disc. Farad. Soc., 24, 133 (1957).
9. Frederick, W. J., and T. Adams, "Black Liquor Thermal and Transport Properties," 1992 Kraft Recovery Operations Short Course, Tappi Press, Atlanta, p. 97 (1992).
10. Gierer, J., "Chemical Aspects of Kraft Pulping," Wood Sci. Technol., 14, 241 (1980).
11. Israelachvili, J., Intermolecular and Surface Forces, 2nd ed., Chap. 8, Academic Press, New York (1992).
12. Lindstrom, T., "The Colloidal Behavior of Kraft Lignin (I)," Colloid Poly. Sci., 257, 277 (1979).
13. Luck, W. A., Water in Polymers, S. P. Rowland, ed., Chap. 3, ACS Symp. Ser., No. 127 (1980).
14. MacDonald, R. G., ed., Pulp and Paper Manufacture, Vol. 1, 2nd ed., Chaps. 2 and 8, McGraw-Hill, New York (1969).
15. Malmsten, M., and B. Lindman, "Self-assembly in Aqueous Block Copolymer Solutions," Macromol., 25, 5440 (1992).
16. Mandel, M., Chemistry and Technology of Water Soluble Polymers, C. A. Finch, ed., Chap. 10, Plenum Press, New York (1983).
17. Marcus, Y., Ion Salvation, Wiley-Interscience, Chichester (1985).
18. Melander, W., and C. Horvath, "Salt Effects on Hydrophobic Interaction in Precipitation and Chromatography of Proteins," Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 183, 200 (1977).
19. Mikhailov, I. G., and Y. P. Syrnikov, "The Influence of Ions in the Structure of Water," J. Struct. Chem., 1, 10 (1960).
20. Milanova, E., and G. M. Dorris, "Effects of Residual Alkali Content on the Viscosity of Kraft Black Liquor," J. Pulp Paper Sci., 16, J94 (1990).
21. Prevysh, V. A., R. J. Spontak, and S. A. Khan, Polymers in Medicine, A. G. Mikos, K. W. Leong, M. L. Radomsky, J. A. Tamada, and M. J. Yazemski, eds., Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Pittsburgh, p. 137 (1995).
22. Prevysh, V. A., B.-C. Wang, S. A. Khan, and R. J. Spontak, "Salting-in of the Aqueous Hydroxypropylcellulose Mesophase through the Addition of Guanidine Thiocyanate," ACS Poly. Prep., 37(1), 779 (1996a).
23. Prevysh, V. A., B.-C. Wang, and R. J. Spontak, "Effect of Added Salts on the Stability of Hydrogen-bonded Interpolymer Complexes," Colloid Poly. Sci., in press (1996b).
24. Prud'homme, R. K., "Rheological Characterization," Electronic Materials Handbook, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p. 838 (1990).
25. Ramamurthy, P., A. S. Mujumdar, A. R. P. van Heiningen, and G. J. Kubes, "Concentration of Black Liquor to High Solids," Tappi J., 75, 195 (1992).
26. Robb, I. D., Chemistry and Technology of Water-Soluble Polymers, C. A. Finch, ed., Plenum Press, New York, p. 193 (1983).
27. Roberts, J. E., R. J. Spontak, H. Jameel, and S. A. Khan, "A Novel Approach to Black Liquor Viscosity Reduction Using Salt Additives," Tappi J., in press (1996).
28. Ryham, R., "A New Solution to Third Generation Chemical Recovery," Int. Chem. Recovery Conf., Materials Park, OH, p. 581 (1992).
29. Ryham, R., and S. Nikkanen, "High Solids Firing in Recovery Boilers," Kraft Recovery Oper. Short Course, Tappi Press, Atlanta, p. 233 (1992).
30. Scopes, R. K., Protein Purification, 2nd ed., Chap. 3, Springer-Verlag, New York (1987).
31. Small, J. D., and A. L. Fricke, "Thermal Stability of Kraft Black Liquor Viscosity at Elevated Temperatures," Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 24, 608 (1985).
32. Smook, J. A., Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists, 2nd ed., Chaps. 7 and 10, Angus-Wilde, Vancouver (1992).
33. Soderhjelm, L., "Viscosity of Strong Black Liquor," Paperi Puu, 9, 642 (1986).
34. Soderhjelm, L., "Factors Affecting the Viscosity of Strong Black Liquor," Appita, 41, 389 (1988).
35. Soderhjelm, L., "Viscosity of Strong Black Liquor from Sulphate Mills," Int. Chem. Recovery Conf. Proc., Tappi Press, Atlanta, p. 95 (1989).
36. Spontak, R. J., J. E. Roberts, V. Prevysh, and S. A. Khan, U.S. Patent, filed April 3, 1995.
37. von Hippel, P. H., and T. Schleich, Structure and Stability of Biological Macromolecules, S. N. Timasheff and G. Fasman, eds., Chap. 6, Marcel Dekker, New York (1969a).
38. von Hippel, P. H., and T. Schleich, "Ion Effects on the Solution Structure of Biological Macromolecules," Acc. Chem. Res., 2, 257 (1969b).