Ultrastructure and morphogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus

Journal of Electron Microscopy

Volumn 45, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 247-257

  Nakai, Masuyo ^a   Goto, Toshiyuki ^a  

^a OSAKA MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Budding; Cryo microscopy; Entry; HIV; Immunoelectron microscopy

Indexed keywords

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1;

GAG PROTEIN;

CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL LINE; DEFECTIVE VIRUS; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETICS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; MEMBRANE FUSION; PATHOGENICITY; REVIEW; ULTRASTRUCTURE; VIROLOGY; VIRUS CAPSID;

CAPSID; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; CELL LINE; DEFECTIVE VIRUSES; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE PRODUCTS, GAG; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; HUMANS; MEMBRANE FUSION; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON; MICROSCOPY, IMMUNOELECTRON;

CELL MEMBRANES; CYTOLOGY; DISEASES; ELECTRONS; MICROSTRUCTURE; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; VIRUSES;

BUDDING; CRYO-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON-DENSE CORE; ENTRY; HTV; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-1; IMMUNOELECTRON MICROSCOPY; LABELINGS; VIRUS PARTICLES;

PROTEINS;

EID: 0030207524     PISSN: 00220744     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023441     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Coffin J, Haase A, Levy JA, Montagnier L, Oroszlan S, Teich N, Temin H, Toyoshima K, Varmus H, Vogt P, Weiss R: What to call the AIDS virus? Nature 321: 10 (1986)
2. Clavel F, Guétard D, Brun-Vézinet F, Chamaret S, Rey MA, Santos-Ferreira MO, Laurent AG, Dauguet C, Katlama C, Rouzioux C, Klatzmann D, Champalimaud JL, Montagnier L: Isolation of a new human retrovirus from West African patients with AIDS. Science 233: 343-346 (1986)
3. Guyader M, Emerman M, Sonigo P, Clavel F, Montagnier L, Alizon M: Genome organization and transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2. Nature 326: 662-669 (1987)
4. Wain-Hobson S, Sonigo P, Danos O, Cole S, Alizon M: Nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, LAV. Cell 40: 9-17 (1985)
5. Ohta Y, Masuda T, Tsujimoto H, Ishikawa K, Kodama T, Morikawa S, Nakai M, Honjo S, Hayami M: Isolation of simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys and seroepidemiologic survey of the virus in various non-human primates. Int J Cancer 41: 115-122 (1988)
6. Tsujimoto H, Hasegawa A, Maki N, Fukasawa M, Miura T, Speidel S, Cooper RW, Moriyama EN, Gojobori T, Hayami M: Sequence of a novel simian immunodeficiency virus from a wild-caught African mandrill. Nature 341: 539-541 (1989)
7. Tomonaga K, Katahira J, Fukasawa M, Hassan MA, Kawamura M, Akari H, Miura T, Goto T, Nakai M, Suleman M, Isahakia M, Hayami M: Isolation and characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus from African white-crowned mangabey monkeys (Cercocebus torquatus lunulatus). Arch Virol 129: 77-92 (1993)
8. Klatzmann D, Barré-Sinoussi F, Nugeyre MT, Dauguet C, Vilmer E, Griscelli C, Brun-Vezinet F, Rouzioux C, Gluckman JC, Chermann JC, Montagnier L: Selective tropism of lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) for helper-inducer T lymphocytes. Science 225: 59-63 (1984)
9. Bowen DL, Lane HC, Fauci AS: Immunopathogenesis of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 103: 704-709 (1985)
10. Bacchetti P, Moss AR: Incubation period of AIDS in San Francisco. Nature 338: 251-253 (1989)
11. Gottlieb MS, Schroff R, Schanker HM, Weisman JD, Fan PT, Wolf RA, Saxon A: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: Evidence of new acquired cellular immunodeficiency. N Engl J Med 305: 1425-1431 (1981)
12. Stannard LM, Van Der Riet FDSJ, Moodie JW: The morpnology of human Immunodeficiency virus particles by negative staining electron microscopy. J Gen Virol 68: 919-923 (1987)
13. Fukui T, Imura S, Goto T, Nakai M: Inner architecture of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Microsc Res Tech 25: 335-340 (1993)
14. Gelderblom HR, Hausmann EH, Onel M, Peuli G, Koch MA: Fine structure at human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and immunolocalization of structural proteins. Virology 156: 171-176 (1987)
15. Nakai M, Goto T, Imura S: Ultrastructural features of the AIDS virus (HIV) and its morphogenesis. J Electron Microsc Tech 12: 95-100 (1989)
16. Barré-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, Nugeyre MT, Chamaret S, Gruest J, Dauguet C, Axler-Blin C, Vézinet-Brun F, Rouzioux C, Rozenbaum W, Montagnier L: Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science 220: 868-871 (1983)
17. Imura S: Morphological analysis of AIDS-related viruses (HIV-1. HIV-2. SIV) by electron microscopy and microdensitometry. J Osaka Med Coll 48: 55-64 (1989)
18. Hockley DJ, Wood RD, Jacobs JP, Garrett AJ: Electron microscopy of human immunodeficiency virus. J Gen Virol 69: 2455-2469 (1988)
19. Palmer E, Sporborg C, Harrison A, Martin ML, Feorino P: Morphology and immunoelectron microscopy of AIDS virus. Arch Virol 85: 189-196 (1985)
20. Palmer E, Goldsmith CS: Ultrastructure of human retroviruses. J Electron Microsc Tech 8: 3-15 (1988)
21. Goto T, Ashina T, Fujiyoshi Y, Kume N, Yamagishi H, Nakai M: Projection structures of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) observed with high resolution electron cryo-microscopy. J Electron Microsc 43: 16-19 (1994)
22. Simionescu N, Simionescu M: Galloylglucoses of low molecular weight as mordant in electron microscopy. I. Procedure, and evidence for mordanting efect. J Cell Biol 70: 608-621 (1976)
23. Lepault J, Booy FP, Dubochet J: Electron microscopy of frozen biological suspensions. J Microsc 1: 89-102 (1983)
24. Adrian M, Dubochet J, Lepault J, McDowall AW: Cryo-electron microscopy of viruses. Nature 308: 32-36 (1984)
25. Spire B, Barré-Sinoussi F, Montagnier L, Chermann JC: Inactivation of lymphadenopathy associated virus by chemical disinfectants. Lancet ii: 899-901 (1984)
26. Muesing MA, Smith DH, Cabradilla CD, Benton CV, Lasky LA. Capon DJ: Nucleic acid structure and expression of the human AIDS/lymphadenopathy retrovirus. Nature 313: 450-458 (1985)
27. Ratner L, Haseltine W, Patarca R, Livak KJ, Starcich B, Josephs SF, Doran ER, Rafalski JA, Whitehorn EA, Baumeister K, Ivanoff L, Petteway SR Jr, Pearson ML, Lautenberger JA, Papas TS, Ghrayeb J, Chang NT, Gallo RC, Wong-Staal F: Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III. Nature 313: 277-284 (1985)
28. Veronese FD, DeVico AL, Copeland TD, Oroszlan S, Gallo RC, Sarngadharan MG: Characterization of gp41 as the transmembrane protein coded by the HTLV-III/LAV envelope gene. Science 229: 1402-1405 (1985)
29. Leis J, Baltimore D, Bishop JM, Coffin J, Fleissner E, Goff SP, Oroszlan S, Robinson H, Skalka AM, Temin HM, Vogt V: Standardized and simplified nomenclature for proteins common to all retroviruses. J Virol 62: 1808-1809 (1988)
30. Mizuochi T, Spellman MW, Larkin M, Solomon J, Basa LJ, Feizi T: Carbohydrate structures of the human-immunodeficiency-virus (HIV) recombinant envelope glycoprotein gp120 produced in Chinese-hamster ovary cells. Biochem J 254: 599-603 (1988)
31. Schawaller M, Smith GE, Skehel JJ, Wiley DC: Studies with crosslinking reagents on the oligomeric structure of the env glycoprotein of HIV. Virology 172: 367-369 (1989)
32. Weiss CD, Levy JA, White JM: Oligomeric organization of gp120 on infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles. J Virol 64: 5674-5677 (1990)
33. Gelderblom HR, Ozel M, Pauli G: Morphogenesis and morphology of HIV. Structure-function relations. Arch Virol 106: 1-13 (1989)
34. Hwang SS, Boyle TJ, Lyerly HK, Cullen BR: Identification of the envelope V3 loop as the primary determinant of cell tropism in HIV-1. Science 253: 71-74 (1991)
35. Trus BL, Newcomb WW, Booy FP, Brown JC, Steven AC: Distinct monoclonal antibodies separately label the hexons or the pentons of herpes simplex virus capsid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 11508-11512 (1992)
36. Lecatsas G, Gravell M, Sever JL: Morphology of the retrovirus associated with AIDS and SAIDS. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 177: 495-498 (1984)
37. Munn RJ, Marx PA, Yamamoto JK, Gardner MB: Ultrastructural comparison of the retroviruses associated with human and simian acquired immunodeficiency syndromes. Lab Invest 53: 194-199 (1985)
38. Warner TF, Uno H, Gabel C, Tsai CC: A comparative ultrastructural study of virions in human pre-AIDS and simian AIDS. Ultrastruct Pathol 7: 251-258 (1984)
39. Chrystie IL, Almeida JD: The morphology of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by negative staining. J Med Virol 25: 281-288 (1988)
40. Fukasawa M, Miura T, Hasegawa A, Morikawa S, Tsujimoto H, Miki K, Kitamura T, Hayami M: Sequence of simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkry, a new member of the HIV/SIV group. Nature 333: 457-461 (1988)
41. Gelderblom H, Ozel M, Hausmann E, Winkel T, Pauli G, Koch MA: Fine structure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and immunolocalization of structural proteins and virus-cell relation. Micron Microsc 19: 41-60 (1988)
42. Gelderblom HR: Assembly and morphology of HIV: Potential effect of structure on viral funtion. AIDS 5: 617-637 (1991)
43. Goto T, Ikuta K, Zhang JJ, Morita C, Sano K, Komatsu M, Fujita H, Kato S, Nakai M: The budding of defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particales from cell clones persistently infected with HIV-1. Arch Virol 111: 87-101 (1990)
44. Chrysite IL, Almeida JD: Recovery of antigenically reactive HIV-2 cores. J Med Virol 27: 188-195 (1989)
45. Fisher AG, Ensoli B, Lonney D, Rose A, Gallo RC, Saag MS, Shaw GM, Hahn BH, Wong SF: Biologically diverse molecular variants within a single HIV-1 isolate. Nature 334: 444-447 (1988)
46. Hahn BH, Shaw GM, Taylor ME, Redfield RR, Markham PD, Salahuddin SZ, Wong SF, Gallo RC, Parks ES, Parks WP: Genetic variation in HTLV-III/LAV over time in patients with AIDS or at risk for AIDS. Science 232: 1548-1553 (1986)
47. Johnson PR, Fomsgaard A, Allan J, Gravell M, London WT, Olmsted RA, Hirsch VM: Simian immunodeficiency viruses from African green monkeys display unusual genetic diversity. J Virol 64: 1086-1092 (1990)
48. Weber JN, Clapham PR, Weiss RA, Parker D, Roberts C, Duncan J, Weller I, Carne C, Tedder RS, Pinching AJ, Cheingsong-Popov R: Human immunodeficiency virus infection in two cohorts of homosexual men: Neutralising sera and association of anti-gag antibody with prognosis. Lancet 1: 119-122 (1987)
49. Höglund S, Ofverstedt LG, Nilsson A, Ozel M, Winkel T, Skoglund U, Gelderblom HR: Analysis of the assembly of the HIV core by electron microscope tomography. In: Pearl LH. ed. Retroviral proteases. Control of maturation and morphogenesis. London: Macmillan. 149-157 (1990)
50. Höglund S, Ofverstedt LG, Nilsson A, Lundquist P, Gelderblom H, Ozel M, Skoglund U: Spatial visualization of the maturing HIV-1 core and its linkage to the envelope. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 8: 1-7 (1992)
51. Gelderblom H, Reupke H, Winkel T, Kunze R, Pauli G: MHC-antigens: Constituents of the envelopes of human and simian immunodeficiency viruses. Z Naturforsch C 42: 1328-1334 (1987)
52. Veronese FD, Rahman R, Copeland TD, Orosdan S, Gallo RC, Sarngadharan MG: Immunological and chemical analysis of P6. the carboxyl-terminal fragment of HIV P15. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 3: 253-264 (1987)
53. Popovic M, Read CE, Gallo RC: T4 positive human neoplastic cell lines susceptible to and permissive for HTLV-III. Lancet 2: 1472-1473 (1984)
54. Harada S, Koyanagi Y, Yamamoto N: Infection of HTLV-III/LAV in HTLV-1-carrying cells MT-2 and MT-4 and application in a plaque assay. Science 229: 563-566 (1985)
55. Dales S: Early events in cell-animal virus interactions. Bacteriol Rev 37: 103-135 (1973)
56. Patterson S, Russell WC: Ultastructural and immunofluorescence studies of early events in adenovirus-HeLa cell interactions. J Gen Virol 64: 1091-1099 (1983)
57. Dalgleish AG, Beverley PC, Clapham PR, Crawford DH, Greaves MF, Weiss RA: The CD4 (T4) antigen is an essential component of the receptor for the AIDS retrovirus. Nature 312: 763-767 (1984)
58. Kalotzmann D, Champagne E, Chamaret S, Gruest J, Guetard D. Hercend T, Gluckman JC, Montagnier L: T-lymphocyte T4 molecule behaves as the receptor for human retrovirus LAV. Nature 312: 767-768 (1984)
59. Lifson JD, Feinberg MB, Reyes GR, Rabin L, Banapour B, Chakrabarti S, Moss B, Wong SF, Steimer KS, Engleman EG: Induction of CD4-dependent cell fusion by the HTLV-III/LAV envelope glycoprotein. Nature 323: 725-728 (1986)
60. Miyamoto K, Gilden RV: Electron microscopic studies of tumor viruses. I. Entry of murine leukemia virus into mouse embryo fibroblasts. J Virol 7: 395-406 (1971)
61. Dales S, Hanafusa H: Penetration and intracellular release of the genomes of avian RNA tumor viruses. Virology 50: 440-458 (1972)
62. Goto T, Sugita K, Imura S, Sano K, Nakai M: Entry of adult T-cell leukemia-associated virus into human peripheral blood leukocytes. Arch Virol 85: 321-328 (1985)
63. Goldstein JL, Anderson RG, Brown MS: Coated pits, coated vesicles, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Nature 279: 679-685 (1979)
64. Helenius A, Kartenbeck J, Simons K, Fries E: On the entry of Semliki forest virus into BHK-21 cells. J Cell Biol 84: 404-420 (1980)
65. Dimmock NJ: Initial stages in infection with animal viruses. J Gen Virol 59: 1-22 (1982)
66. Sakanaka M, Sano K, Yokota Y, Sugita K, Morimatsu S, Goto T, Yagi T, Nakai M: Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells internalize latex beads. Bull Osaka Med Sch 33: 27-33 (1987)
67. Lenard J, Miller DK: Uncoating of enveloped viruses. Cell 28: 5-6 (1982)
68. Stein BS, Gowda SD, Lifson JD, Penhallow RC, Bensch KG, Engleman EG: pH-independent HIV entry into CD4-positive T cells via virus envelop fusion to the plasma membrance. Cell 49: 659-668 (1987)
69. McClure MO, Marsh M, Weiss RA: Human immunodeficiency virus infection of CD4-bearing cell occurs by a pH-independent mechanism. EMBO J 7: 513-518 (1988)
70. Koyanagi Y, Harada S, Yamamoto N: Correlation between high susceptibility to AIDS virus and surface expression of OKT-4 antigen in HTLV-1-positive cell lines. Jpn J Cancer Res 76: 799-802 (1985)
71. Harada S, Koyanagi Y, Yamamoto N: Infection of human T-lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I)-bearing MT-4 cells with HTLY-III (AIDS virus): Chronological studies of early events. Virology 146: 272-281 (1985)
72. Goto T, Harada S, Yamamoto N, Nakai M: Entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into MT-2. human T cell leukemia virus carrier cell line. Arch Virol 102: 29-38 (1988)
73. Levy JA: Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus Infection. Microbiol Rev 57: 183-289 (1993)
74. Goto T, Morita M, Nakano T, Ashina T, Ikuta K, Kato S, Yokota Y. Nakai M: Localization of viral gag proteins in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected cells. J Clin Electron Microsc 24: 145-152 (1991)
75. Ikuta K, Morita C, Miyake S, Ito T, Okabayashi M, Sano K, Nakai M, Hirai K, Kato S: Expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag antigens on the surface of a cell line persistently infected with HIV-1 that highly expresses HIV-1 antigens. Virology 170: 408-417 (1989)
76. Laurent AG, Krust B, Rey MA, Montagnier L, Hovanessian AG: Cell surface expression of several species of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 major core protein. J Virol 63: 4074-4078 (1989)
77. Kääriäinen L, Renkonen O: Envelopes of lipid-containing viruses as models for membrane assembly. In: Poste G, Nicolson GL, eds. The synthesis, assembly and turnover of cell surface components. Amsterdam: North Holland. 741-801 (1977)
78. Lenard J: Virus envelopes and plsma membrans. Annu Rev Biophys Bioeng 7: 139-165 (1978)
79. Simons K, Garoff H: The budding mechanisms of enveloped animal virus. J Gen Virol 50: 1-21 (1980)
80. Katoh I, Yoshinaka Y, Rein A, Shibuya M, Odaka T, Oroszlan S: Murine leukemia virus maturation: Protease region required for conversion from "immature" to "mature" core form and for virus infectivity. Virology 145: 280-292 (1985)
81. Sarkar NH, Nowinski RC, Moore DH: Helical nucleocapsid structure of the oncogenic ribonucleic acid viruses (oncornaviruses). J Virol 8: 564-572 (1971)
82. Katsumoto T, Hattori N, Kurimura T: Maturation of human immunodeficiency virus, strain LAV. In vitro. Intervirology 27: 148-153 (1987)
83. Katsumoto T, Hattori N, Yamada O, Kurimura T: Intermediate virions in maturation of human immunodeficiency virus, strain LAV. J Electron Microsc 37: 205-207 (1988)
84. Somasundaran M, Robinson HL: A maior mechanism of human immunodeficiency virus-induced cell killing does not involve cell fusion. J Virol 61: 3114-3119 (1987)
85. Yunoki M, Maotani-Imai K, Kusuda H, Motoyama M, Miyake S, Imai H, Shin YS, Kato S, Sano K, Morita C, Nakai M, Hirai K, Ikuta K: Production of infectious particles from defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-producing cell clones by superinfection with infectious HIV-1. Arch Virol 116: 143-158 (1991)