The influence of vision on computerized neurobehavioral test scores: A proposal for improving test protocols

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 391-400

  Hudnell, H Kenneth ^a,b   Otto, David A ^a   House, Dennis E ^a  

^a U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

^b U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

Author keywords

Analysis of covariance; Children; Computerized tests; Microelectronic workers; Neurobehavior; Neurotoxicity; Solvents; Visual contrast sensitivity

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE; AIR POLLUTION; COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NEUROTOXICITY; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE; REACTION TIME; SCHOOL CHILD; SEX DIFFERENCE; VARIANCE; VISION; VISUAL ACUITY;

EID: 0030197511     PISSN: 08920362     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0892-0362(96)00040-2     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (48)

1. 1. Aiken, B. E.; Loop, M. S. Visual reaction times of cats to different spatial frequencies. Vis. Neurosci. 5:557-564; 1990.
2. 2. Amler, R. W.; Anger, W. K.; Sizemore, O. J. Test methods for adults. In: Adult environmental neurobehavioral test battery. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; 1995:31-57.
3. 3. Anger, W. K. Behavioral biomarkers to identify neurotoxic effects. In: Travis, C. C., ed. Use of biomarkers in assessing health and environmental impacts of chemical pollutants. New York: Plenum Press; 1993:159-168.
4. 4. Anger, W. K.; Letz, R.; Chrislip, D. W.; Frumkin, H.; Hudnell, K.; Russo, J. M.; Chappell, W.; Hutchinson, L. Neurobehavioral test methods for environmental health studies of adults. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 16:489-497; 1994.
5. 5. Arden, G. B. The importance of measuring contrast sensitivity in cases of visual disturbance. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 62:198-209; 1978.
6. 6. Arden, G. Measuring contrast sensitivity with gratings: A new simple technique for the early diagnosis of retinal and neurological disease. J. Am. Optom. Assoc. 50:35-39; 1979.
7. 7. Barlow, H. B. Temporal and spatial summation in human vision at different background intensities. J. Physiol. 141:337-350; 1958.
8. 8. Blakemore, C.; Campbell, R. H. S. On the existence of neurons in the human visual system selectively sensitive to the orientation and size of retinal images. J. Physiol. 204:237-260; 1969.
9. 9. Blakemore, C.; Muncey, J. P. J.; Ridley, R. M. Stimulus specificity in the human visual system. Vision Res. 13:1915-1931; 1973.
10. 10. Bodis-Wollner, I.; Camisa, J. M. Contrast sensitivity measurement in clinical diagnosis. In: Lessell, S.; Van Dalen, J. T. W., eds. A series of critical surveys of the international literature, volume 1: Neuro-ophthalmology. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica; 1980: 373-401. (Distributed in the USA by Elsevier North-Holland, Inc., New York.)
11. 11. Bowler, R. M.; Mergler, D.; Huel, G.; Harrison, R.; Cone, J. Neuropsychological impairment among former microelectronics workers. Neurotoxicology 12:87-104; 1991.
12. 12. Boyes, W. K. Testing visual system toxicity using evoked potential technology. In: Isaacson, R. L.; Jensen, K. F., eds. The vulnerable brain and environmental risks, volume 1: Malnutrition and hazard assessment. New York: Plenum Press; 1992:193-222.
13. 13. Broadwell, D. K.; Darcey, D. J.; Hudnell, H. K.; Otto, D. A.; Boyes, W. K. Work-site clinical and neurobehavioral assessment of solvent-exposed microelectronics workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 27:677-698; 1995.
14. 14. Campbell, F. W.; Green, D. C. Optical and retinal factors affecting visual resolution. J. Physiol. 181:576-593; 1965.
15. 15. Campbell, F. W.; Robson, J. G. Application of Fourier analysis to the visibility of gratings. J. Physiol. 197:551-566; 1968.
16. 16. Cox, M. J.; Wood, I. C. Computerized Arden grating technique for the measurement of the contrast sensitivity function. Optom. Vis. Sci. 69:137-147; 1992.
17. 17. Cronin-Golomb, A.; Corkin, S.; Rizzo, J. F.; Cohen, J.; Growdon, J. H.; Banks, K. S. Visual dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: Relation to normal aging. Ann. Neurol. 29:41-52; 1991.
18. 18. Dahl, R.; White, R. F.; Weihe, P.; Sørensen, N.; Letz, R.; Hudnell, K.; Otto, D. A.; Grandjean, P. Feasibility and validity of three computer-assisted neurobehavioral tests in 7-year old children. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 18:413-419; 1996.
19. 19. Ecobichon, D. J.; Joy, R. M. Pesticides and neurological disease. Boca Raton. FL: CRC Press. Inc.: 1982.
20. 20. Filipe, A.; Buades, M. J.; Artigas, J. M. Influence of the contrast sensitivity function on the reaction time. Vison Res. 33:2461-2466; 1993.
21. 21. Frenette, B.; Mergler, D.; Bowler, R. Contrast-sensitivity loss in a group of former microelectronic workers with normal visual acuity. Optom. Vis. Sci. 68:556-560; 1991.
22. 22. Geller, A. M.; Hudnell, H. K. Critical issues in the use and analysis of the Lanthony Desaturated Color Vision Test. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. (in press).
23. 23. Ginsberg, A. P. A new contrast sensitivity vision test chart. Am. J. Optom. Physiol. Optics 61(6):403-407; 1984.
24. 24. Ginsberg, A. P.; Evans, D. W.; Cannon, M. W. Large sample norms for contrast sensitivity. Am. J. Optom. Physiol. Optics 61(2):80-84; 1984.
25. 25. Hartwell, R. C.; Cowan, J. D. Evoked potentials and simple motor reaction times to localized visual patterns. Vison Res. 33:1325-1337.
26. 26. Hatcher, D. J.; DeVietti, T. L.; D'Andrea, J. A. Computer software and hardware to determine contrast sensitivity using three methods: Tracking, limits, and constant stimuli. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comp. 27:32-40; 1995.
27. 27. Hudnell, H. K.; Boyes, W. K. The comparability of rat and human visual-evoked potentials. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 15:159-164; 1991.
28. 28. Hudnell, H. K.; Boyes, W. K.; Otto, D. A.; House, D. F.; Creason, J. P.; Geller, A.M.; Darcey, D.J.; Broadwell, D.K. Battery of neurobehavioral tests recommended to ATSDR: Solvent-induced deficits in microelectronic workers. In: Andrews, J. S.; Frumkin, H.; Johnson, B. L.; Mehlman, M. A.; Xintaras, C.; Bucsela, J. A., eds. Hazardous waste and public health: International congress on the health effects of hazardous waste, chapter 9: Epidemiology. Princeton. NJ: Princeton Scientific Publishing Co., Inc.: 1994:690-697.
29. 29. Hudnell, H. K.; Skalik, I.; Otto, D.; House, D.; Sram, R. Visual contrast sensitivity deficits in Bohemian children. Neurotoxicology (in press).
30. 30. Hutchinson, L. J.; Amler, R. W.; Lybarger, J. A.; Chappell, W. Adult neurobehavioral test batteries for environmental health studies. In: Neurobehavioral test batteries for use in environmental health field studies. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; 1992:19-34.
31. 31. Krastel, H.; Moreland, F. D. Color vision deficiencies in ophthalmic diseases. In: Foster, D. H., ed. Vision and visual dysfunction, volume 7: Inherited and acquired color vision deficiencies: Fundamental aspects and clinical studies. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Inc.: 1991.
32. 32. Kupersmith, M. J.; Seiple, W. H.; Nelson, J. I.; Carr, R. E. Contrast sensitivity loss in multiple sclerosis. Invest. Ophthal. Vis. Sci. 25:632-639; 1984.
33. 33. Letz, R. NES2 user's manual (version 4.6). Winchester, MA: Neurobehavioral Systems, Inc.: 1994:17-33.
34. 34. Livingstone, M. S.; Hubel, D. Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: Anatomy, physiology, and perception. Science 240:740-749; 1988.
35. 35. Mergler, D. Behavioral neurophysiology: Quantitative measures of sensory toxicity. In: Chang, L. W.; Slikker, W., Jr., eds. Neurotoxicology approaches and methods. San Diego: Academic Press: 1995:727-736.
36. 36. Mergler, D.; Bowler, R.; Cone, J. Color vision loss among disabled workers with neuropsycholosical impairment. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 12:669-672; 1990.
37. 37. Mergler, D.; Blain, L.; Lagracé, J-P. Solvent related colour vision loss: An indicator of neural damage? Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 59:313-321; 1987.
38. 38. Merigan, W. H.; Weiss, B. Neurotoxicity of the visual system. New York: Raven Press: 1980.
39. 39. Owsley, C.; Sekuler, R.; Siemsen, D. Contrast sensitivity throughout adulthood. Vision Res. 23:689-699; 1983.
40. 40. Pasternak, T.; Flood, D. G.; Eskin, T. A.; Merigan, W. H. Selective damage to large cells in the cat retinogeniculate pathway by 2.5-hexanedione. J. Neurosci. 5:1641-1652; 1985.
41. 41. Pelli, D. G.; Robson, J. G.; Wilkins, A. J. The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity. Clin. Vis. Sci. 2:187-199; 1988.
42. 42. Riggs, L. A. Vision. In: Kling, J. W.; Riggs, L. A., eds. Woodworth & Schlosberg's experimental psychology (3rd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc.: 1971:273-314.
43. 43. Rogers, G. L.; Bremer, D. L.; Leguire, L. E. Contrast sensitivity functions in normal children with the Vistech method. J. Pediiatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus 24:216-219; 1987.
44. 44 Stevens, C. F. Basic mechanisms of neural function. In: Kling, J. W.; Riggs, L. A., eds. Woodworth & Schlosberg's experimental psychology (3rd ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc.: 1971:87-116.
45. 45. Stollery, B. Reaction time changes in workers exposed to lead. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 18:477-483; 1996.
46. 46. Ubels, J. L.; Edelhauser, H. F.; Nemirolf, B. J.; Meyer, L. A.; Dickerson, C. L. Ocular miotic and irritative effects of aerosol and topically applied dichlorvos and porpoxur insecticides on rabbit and monkey eyes. J. Toxicol. Cut. Ocul. Toxicol. 6:61-77; 1987.
47. 47. Williamson, A. M. Computerized behavioral testing of humans in neurotoxicology research. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 18:351-357; 1996.
48. 48. Winneke, G. Early developmental PCB-exposure and neurological/neurobehavioral outcome: An interim report from the German Perinatal study. Oral presentation at the 5th Meeting of the International Neurotoxicology Association. Port Ludlow, WA, June 25-30; 1995.