Raman spectroscopic measurement of oxidation in supercritical water. 1. Conversion of methanol to formaldehyde

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 35, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 2161-2171

  Rice, Steven F ^a   Hunter, Thomas B ^a   Rydén, Åsa C ^a,b   Hanush, Russell G ^a  

^a SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

^b LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPOSITION EFFECTS; FORMALDEHYDE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHANOL; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; REACTION KINETICS; THERMAL EFFECTS;

FIRST ORDER REACTION RATE; RATE CONTROLLING REACTIONS; SUPERCRITICAL WATER OXIDATION;

OXIDATION;

EID: 0030195405     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie950510f     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Abdullah, A. H.; Sherman, W. F. Variable Temperature High-Pressure Raman Cell. J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum. 1980, 13, 1155-1159.
2. Alkam, M. K.; Pai, V. M.; Butler, P. B.; Pitz, W. J. Methanol and Hydrogen Oxidation Kinetics in Water at Supercritical States. Combustion and Flame 1995, in press.
3. Armellini, F. J.; Tester, J. W. Experimental Methods for Studying Salt Nucleation and Growth from Supercritical Water. J. Supercrit. Fluids. 1991, 4, 254-264.
4. Armellini, F. J.; Tester, J. W. Solubility of Sodium Chloride and Sulfate in sub- and Supercritical Water Vapor from 450-550 °C and 100-250 bar. Fluid Phase Equilib. 1993, 84, 123-142.
5. Barner, H. E.; Huang, C. Y.; Johnson, T.; Martch, M. A.; Killilea, W. R. Supercritical Water Oxidation: An Emerging Technology. J. Hazard. Mater. 1992, 31, 1-17.
6. Eckbreth, A. C. Laser Diagnostics for Combustion Temperature and Species; Abacus Press: Cambridge, MA, 1988; Vol. 7.
7. Gloyna, E. F.; Li, L.; McBrayer, R. N. Engineering Aspects of Supercritical Water Oxidation. Water Sci. Technol. 1994, 30, 1-10.
8. Grasselli, J. G.; Bulkin, B. J. Analytical Raman Spectroscopy; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York, 1991; Vol. 114.
9. Haar, L.; Gallagher, J. S.; Kell, G. S. NBS/NRC Steam Tables: Thermodynamic and Transport Properties and Computer Programs for Vapor and Liquid States of Water in SI Units; Hemisphere Publishing Corp.: New York, 1984.
10. Hanush, R. G.; Rice, S. F.; Hunter, T. B.; Aiken, J. D. Operation and Performance of the Supercritical Fluids Reactor. Report No. SAND96-8203; Sandia National Laboratories, 1995.
11. Helling, R. K.; Tester, J. W. Oxidation Kinetics of Carbon Monoxide in Supercritical Water. Energy Fuels 1987, 1, 417-423.
12. Holgate, H. R.; Tester, J. W. Oxidation of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide in Sub- and Supercritical Water: Reaction Kinetics, Pathways, and Water-Density Effects. 1. Experimental Results. J. Phys. Chem. 1994a, 98, 800-809.
13. Holgate, H. R.; Tester, J. W. Oxidation of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide in Sub- and Supercritical Water: Reaction Kinetics, Pathways, and Water-Density Effects. 2. Elementary Reaction Modeling. J. Phys. Chem. 1994b, 98, 810-822.
14. Kaiser, E. W.; Westbrook, C. K.; Pitz, W. J. Acetaldehyde Oxidation in the Negative Temperature Coefficient Regime: Experimental and Modeling Results. Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 1986, 18, 655-688.
15. Kee, R. J.; Miller, J. A. CHEMKIN-II: A Structured Approach to the Computational Modeling of Chemical Kinetics and Molecular Transport in Flowing Systems, ver. 4.3, Combustion Chemistry Division, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 1986.
16. Li, L.; Chen, P.; Gloyna, E. F. Generalized Kinetic Model for Wet Oxidation of Organic Compounds. AIChE J. 1991, 37, 1687-1697.
17. Masten, D. A.; Foy, B. R.; Harradine, D. M.; Dyer, R. B. In Situ Raman Spectroscopy of Reactions in Supercritical Water. J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97 (33), 8557-8559.
18. McBrayer, R. N. Design and Operation of the First Commercial Supercritical Water Oxidation Facility. First International Workshop on Supercritical Water Oxidation, Jacksonville, FL, 1995, Session IV: SCWO Technology Development Demonstrations.
19. Miller, J. A.; Bowman, C. T. Mechanism and Modeling of Nitrogen Chemistry in Combustion. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 1989, 15, 287-338.
20. Modell, M. Processing Methods for the Oxidation of Organics in Supercritical Water.; U.S. Patent 4,543,190, 1985.
21. Moore, W. J. Physical Chemistry; Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1972.
22. Nestor, J. R.; Lippincott, E. R. The Effect of the Internal Field on Raman Scattering Cross Sections. J. Raman Spectrosc. 1973, 1, 305-318.
23. Norton, T. S.; Dryer, F. L. Some New Observations on Methanol Oxidation Chemistry. Combust. Sci. Technol. 1989, 63, 107-129.
24. Norton, T. S.; Dryer, F. L. Toward a Comprehensive Mechanism for Methanol Pyrolysis. Int. J. Chem. Kinet. 1990, 22, 219-241.
25. Sadtler. The Sadtler Standard Raman Spectra; Sadtler Research Laboratories, subsidiary of Block Engineering: Philadelphia, PA, 1973.
26. Schmitt, R. G.; Butler, P. B.; Bergan, N. E.; Pitz, W. J.; Westbrook, C. K. Destruction of Hazardous Waste in Supercritical Water. Part II: A Study of High-Pressure Methanol Oxidation Kinetics. 1991 Fall Meeting of the Western States Section/The Combustion Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, 1991, 19.
27. Schmitt, R. G.; Butler, P. B.; French, N. B. CHEMKIN Real Gas: A FORTRAN Package for Analysis of Thermodynamic Properties and Chemical Kinetics in Nonideal Systems; University of Iowa, Report No. UIME PBB 93-006, 1993.
28. Shaw, R. W.; Brill, T. B.; Clifford, A. A.; Eckert, C. A.; Franck, E. U. Supercritical Water. Chem. Eng. News 1991, 69, 26-39.
29. 3 up to 450 °C and 30 MPa J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 6224.
30. Steeper, R. R. Methane and Methanol Oxidation in Supercritical Water: Chemical Kinetics and Hydrothermal Flame Studies, Report No. SAND96-8208, Sandia National Laboratories, 1995.
31. Steeper, R. R.; Rice, S. F.; Brown, M. S.; Johnston, S. C. Methane and Methanol Diffusion Flames in Supercritical Water. J. Supercrit. Fluids 1992, 5 (4), 262-268.
32. Steeper, R. R.; Rice, S. F.; Kennedy, I. M.; Aiken, J. D. Kinetics Measurements of Methane Oxidation in Supercritical Water. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 184-189.
33. Surkin, R. I.; Sverdlov, L. M. Relative Raman Scattering Cross Sections of Some Gases and Vapors that Pollute the Atmosphere. Opt. Spectrosc. 1980, 48 (2), 139-140.
34. Swallow, K. C.; Killilea, W. R.; Malinowski, K. C.; Staszak, C. N. The MODAR Process for the Destruction of Hazardous Organic Wastes-Field Test of a Pilot-Scale Unit. Waste Manage. 1989, 9, 19-26.
35. Takagi, J.; Ishigure, K. Thermal Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide and Its Effect on Reactor Water Monitoring of Boiling Water Reactors. Nud. Sci. Eng. 1985, 89, 177-186.
36. Tester, J. W.; Holgate, H. R.; Armellini, F. J.; Webley, P. A.; Killilea, W. R.; Hong, G. T.; Barner, H. E. Supercritical Water Oxidation Technology Process Development and Fundamental Research; Tedder, D. W., Pohland, F. G., Eds.; Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management III; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991; pp 35-76.
37. Tester, J. W.; Webley, P. A.; Holgate, H. R. Revised Global Kinetic Measurements of Methanol Oxidation in Supercritical Water. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 236-239.
38. Tsang, W. Chemical Kinetic Data Base for Combustion Chemistry. Part 2. Methanol. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1987, 16, 471-508.
39. Tsang, W.; Hampson, R. F. Chemical Kinetic Data Base for Combustion Chemistry. Part 1. Methane and Related Compounds. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 1986, 15, 1087-1279.
40. Warnatz, J. Rate Coefficients in the C/H/O System, Chapter 5. In Combustion Chemistry; Gardiner, W. C., Jr., Ed.; Springer-Verlag: New York, 1984.
41. Webley, P. A.; Tester, J. W. Fundamental Kinetics of Methanol Oxidation in Supercritical Water; Johnston, K. P., Penninger, J. M. L., Eds.; Supercritical Fluid Science and Technology; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1989; pp 259-275.
42. Webley, P. A.; Tester, J. W. Fundamental Kinetics of Methane Oxidation in Supercritical Water. Energy Fuels 1991, 5, 411-419.
43. Wilk, R. D.; Cernansky, N. P.; Pitz, W. H.; Westbrook, C. K. Propene Oxidation at Low and Intermediate Temperatures: A Detailed Kinetic Study. Combust. Flame 1989, 77, 145-170.
44. Wilk, R. D.; Pitz, W. J.; Westbrook, C. K.; Cernansky, N. P. Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Ethene Oxidation at Low and Intermediate Temperatures. Twenty-Third Symposium (International) on Combustion, Orleans, France, 1990, 203-210.
45. Yetter, R. A.; Dryer, F. L.; Rabitz, H. Flow Reactor Studies of Carbon Monoxide/Hydrogen/Oxygen Kinetics. Combust. Sci. Technol. 1991, 79, 129-140.