Erosion on Titan: Past and present

Icarus

Volumn 122, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 79-91

  Lorenz, Ralph D ^a   Lunine, Jonathan I ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030187885     PISSN: 00191035     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/icar.1996.0110     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. ALLISON, M. A. 1992. A preliminary assessment of the Titan boundary layer. In Proceedings, Symposium on Titan, Toulouse, France, Oct. 1991, ESA SP-338, pp. 113-118.
2. BAR-NUN, A., I. KLEINFELD, AND E. KOCHAVI 1988. Trapping of gas mixtures by amorphous water ice. Phys. Rev. B. 38, 7749-7754.
3. BARRER, R.M., AND A. RUZICKA 1962. Non stoichiometric clathrate compounds of water. Part 4. Kinetics of formation of clathrate phases. Trans. Faraday Soc. 58, 1962.
4. BROWN, R. H., AND R. L. KIRK 1994. Coupling of volatile transport and internal heat flow on Triton. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 1965-1981.
5. CLIFT, R., R. J. GRACE, AND W. E. WEBER 1978. Bubbles, Drops and Particles. Academic Press, New York.
6. COURTIN, R., D. GAUTIER, AND C. P. MCKAY 1995. Titan's thermal emission spectrum: Re-analysis of the Voyager infrared measurements. Icarus 114, 144-162.
7. COUSTENIS, A., E. LELLOUCH, J. P. MAILLARD, AND C. P. MCKAY 1995. Titan's surface: Composition and variability from the near infrared albedo. Icarus 118, 87-104.
8. CRADDOCK, R. A., AND T. A. MAXWELL 1993. Geomorphic evolution of the martian highlands through ancient fluvial processes. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 3453-3468.
9. CROFT, S. K., J. I. LUNINE, AND J. S. KARGEL 1988. Equation of state of water-ammonia liquid: Derivation and planetological applications. Icarus 73, 279-293.
10. DUBOULOZ, N., F. RAULIN, E. LELLOUCH, AND D. GAUTIER 1989. Titan's hypothesized ocean properties: The influence of surface temperature and atmospheric composition uncertainties. Icarus 82, 81-96.
11. ELLISON, W. D. 1952. Raindrop energy and soil erosion. Agriculture (Oxford) 20, 78.
12. ENGEL, S., J. I. LUNINE, AND W. K. HARTMANN 1995. Cratering on Titan and implications for Titan's atmospheric history. Planet. Space Sci. 43, 1059-1066.
13. FLASAR, F. M. 1983. Oceans on Titan. Science 221, 55-57.
14. FLASAR, F. M., R. E. SAMUELSON, AND B. J. CONRATH 1981. Titan's atmosphere: Temperature and dynamics. Nature 292, 693-698.
15. FLINT, R. F., AND B. J. SKINNER 1974. Physical Geology. Wiley, New York.
16. GREELEY, R., AND J. D. IVERSEN 1985. Wind as a Geological Process. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England.
17. GRIFFITH, C. A. 1993. Evidence for surface heterogeneity on Titan. Nature 364, 511-514.
18. HAAR, L., AND J. S. GALLAGHER 1978. Thermodynamic properties of ammonia. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 7, 635-792.
19. HARBOR, J. M. 1992. Numerical modeling of the development of U-shaped valleys by glacial erosion. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 104, 1364-1375.
20. HOURDIN, F., O. TALAGRAND, R. SADOURNY, R. COURTIN, D. GAUTIER, AND C. P. MCKAY 1995. Numerical simulation of the general circulation of the atmosphere of Titan. Icarus 117, 358-374.
21. KARGEL, J. S., AND R. G. STROM 1992. Ancient glaciation on Mars. Geology 20, 3-7.
22. KHARE, B. N., C. SAGAN, E. T. ARAKAWA, F. SUITS, T. A. CALLCOTT, AND M. W. WILLIAMS 1984. Optical constants of organic tholins produced in a simulated titanian atmosphere: From soft x-ray to microwave frequencies. Icarus 60, 127-137.
23. KOSSACKI, K. J., AND R. D. LORENZ 1995. Hiding Titan's ocean: Densification and hydrocarbon storage in an icy regolith. Planet. Space Sci., in press.
24. KOUVARIS, L. C., AND F. M. FLASAR 1991. Phase equilibrium of methane and nitrogen at low temperatures: Application to Titan. Icarus 91, 112-124.
25. KRAUSKOPF, K. B., AND D. K. BIRD 1995. Introduction to Geochemistry, 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York.
26. LARA, L. M., R. D. LORENZ, AND R. RODRIGO 1994. Liquids and solids on the surface of Titan. Planet. Space Sci. 42, 5-14.
27. LEMMON, M. T., E. KARKOSCHKA, AND M. TOMASKO 1993. Titan's rotation: surface feature observed. Icarus 103, 329-332.
28. LEMMON, M. T., E. KARKOSCHKA, AND M. TOMASKO 1995. Titan's rotational light curve. Icarus 113, 27-38.
29. LORENZ, R. D. 1993a. The surface of Titan in the context of ESA's Huygens probe ESA J. 17, 275-292.
30. LORENZ, R. D. 1993b. The life, death and afterlife of a raindrop on Titan. Planet. Space Sci. 41, 647-655.
31. LORENZ, R. D. 1994. Huygens probe impact dynamics. ESA J. 18, 93-117.
32. LORENZ, R. D., J. I. LUNINE, J. A. GRIER, AND M. A. FISHER 1995. Predicting aeolian activity on planets: Application to Titan paleoclimatology. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 26,377-26,386.
33. LUNINE, J. I., AND D. J. STEVENSON 1985. Evolution of Titan's coupled ocean-atmosphere system and interaction of ocean with bedrock. In Ices in the Solar System (J. Klinger, D. Benest, A. Dollfus, and R. Smoluchowski, Eds.), pp. 741-757. Reidel, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
34. MCDONALD, G. D., W. R. THOMPSON, M. HEINRICH, B. N. KHARE, AND C. SAGAN 1994. Chemical investigation of Titan and Triton tholins. Icarus 108, 137-145.
35. MCILVEEN, J. F. R. 1992, Fundamentals of Weather and Climate. Chapman and Hall, London.
36. MCKAY, C. P. 1995. Composition and properties of Titan's organic haze. Planet. Space Sci., submitted.
37. MCKAY, C. P., J. B. POLLACK, R. COURTIN, AND J. I. LUNINE 1992. The atmospheric temperature structure of Titan. In Proceedings, Symposium on Titan, Toulouse, France, October 1991, ESA SP-338, pp. 77-80.
38. MCKAY, C. P., J. B. POLLACK, J. I. LUNINE, AND R. COURTIN 1993. Coupled atmosphere-ocean models of Titan's past. Icarus 102, 88-98.
39. MCKAY, C. P., S. C. MARTIN, C. A. GRIFFITH, AND R. M. KELLER 1995. Temperature lapse rate and methane in Titan's troposphere. Icarus, submitted.
40. MIRTSKHULAVA, S. E. 1970. Engineering Methods of Calculation and Prognosis of Water Erosion (in Russian). Izd. Kolos, Moscow.
41. MUHLEMAN, D. O., A. W. GROSSMAN, B. J. BUTLER, AND M. A. SLADE 1995. Radar investigations of Mars, Mercury and Titan. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 23, 337-374.
42. NIEMANN, H., S. ATREYA, K. BIEMANN, B. BLOCK, G. CARIGNAN, T. DOAHUE, L. FROST, D. GAUTIER, D. HARPOLD, D. HUNTEN, G. ISRAEL, J. LUNINE, K. MAUERSPERGER, T. OWEN, F. RAULIN, J. RICHARDS, AND S. WAY 1995. The gas chromatograph mass spectrometer for the Huygens probe. ESA SP-1177, submitted.
43. PRAUSNITZ, J. M. 1969. Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid Phase Equilibria. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
44. PRESTON, G. T., AND J. M. PRAUSNITZ 1970. Thermodynamics of solid solubility in cryogenic solvents. Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 9, 264-271.
45. RAULIN F. 1987. Organic chemistry in the oceans of Titan. Adv. Space Res. 7(5), 71-81.
46. REBIAI, R., A. J. REST, AND R. G. SCURLOCK 1983. The unexpectedly high solubility of water in cryogenic liquids. Nature 305, 412-413.
47. REST, R. J., R. G. SCURLOCK, AND M. F. WU 1990. The solubilities of nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, aliphatic ethers and alcohols, and water in cryogenic liquids. Chem. Eng. J. 43, 25-31.
48. RINALDO, A., W. E. DEITRICH, R. RIGON, G. K. VOGEL, AND I. RODRIGUEZ-ITURBE 1995. Geomorphological signatures of varying climate. Nature 374, 632-635.
49. SAGAN, C., AND S. F. DERMOTT 1982. The tide in the seas of Titan. Nature 300, 731-733.
50. SAGAN, C., AND W. R. THOMPSON 1984. Production and condensation of organic gases in the atmosphere of Titan. Icarus 59, 133-161.
51. SCHENK, P. 1989. Crater formation and modification on the icy satellites of Uranus and Saturn: Depth/diameter and central peak occurrence. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 3813-3832.
52. SEARS, W. D. 1995. Tidal dissipation in oceans on Titan. Icarus 113, 39-56.
53. SMITH, P. H., M. T. LEMMON, R. D. LORENZ, L. A. SROMOVSKY, J. J. CALDWELL, AND M. D. ALLISION 1996. Titan's surface, revealed by HST imaging. Icarus 119, 336-349.
54. SZCZEPANIEC-CIECIAK, E. B. DABROWSKA, J. M. LAGAN, AND Z. WOJTASZEK 1978. Estimation of the solubility of solidified substances in liquid methane by the Preston-Prausnitz method. Cryogenics 18, 591-599.
55. THOMPSON, W. R., AND C. SAGAN 1992. Organic chemistry on Titan -Surface interactions. In Proceedings, Symposium on Titan, Toulouse, France, October 1991, ESA SP-338, pp. 167-176.
56. THOMPSON, W. R., AND S. W. SQUYRES 1990. Titan and other icy satellites: Dielectric properties of constituent materials and implications for radar sounding. Icarus 86, 336-354.
57. 4: Model and Titan applications. Icarus 97, 187-199.
58. TOUBLANC, D., J. P. PARISOT, J. BRILLET, D. GAUTIER, F. RAULIN, AND C. P. MCKAY 1995. Photochemical modeling of Titan's atmosphere. Icarus 113, 2-26 (see also erratum in press).
59. YARGER, J., J. I. LUNINE, AND M. F. BURKE 1993. Calorimetric studies of the ammonia-water system with application to the outer solar system. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 13,109-13,117.
60. YUNG, Y. L., M. ALLEN, AND J. P. PINTO 1984. Photochemistry of the atmosphere of Titan : Comparison between model and observations. Astrophys. J. Suppl. 55, 465-506.
61. ZACHAR, D. 1982. Soil Erosion. Elsevier/North-Holland, New York.
62. ZARNECKI, J. C. 1992. Surface science package for the Huygens probe. J. Br. Interplanet. Soc. 45, 365-370.