Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Men and Women Aged 60 Years and Older: Findings from the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program

Circulation

Volumn 94, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 26-34

  Frost, Philip H ^a   Davis, Barry R ^b   Burlando, Alfredo J ^c   Curb, J David ^d   Guthrie Jr , Gordon P ^e   Isaacsohn, Jonathan L ^f   Wassertheil Smoller, Sylvia ^g   Wilson, Alan C ^h   Stamler, Jeremiah ⁱ  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^c KAISER PERMANENTE MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^f CHRIST HOSPITAL   (United States)

^g ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^h ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

ⁱ NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Coronary disease; Hypertension; Risk factors

Indexed keywords

AGING; ARTICLE; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; RISK FACTOR; SYSTOLE;

AGING; CORONARY DISEASE; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; RISK FACTORS; SYSTOLE;

EID: 0030187832     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.94.1.26     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. Predicting coronary heart disease in middle-aged and older persons: the Framingham study. JAMA. 1977;238:497-499.
2. Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjortland MC, Kannel WB, Dawber TR. High-density lipoprotein as a protective factor against coronary heart disease. Am J Med. 1977;62:707-714.
3. Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T. Cholesterol in the prediction of atherosclerotic disease. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:85-91.
4. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. JAMA. 1979;241:2035-2038.
5. Multiple Risk Factor Trial Research Group. Mortality rates after 10.5 years for participants in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. JAMA. 1990;263:1795-1801.
6. Neaton JD, Wentworth D, for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and death from coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med. 1992;152:56-64.
7. Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D, for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care. 1993;16: 434-444.
8. Pooling Project Research Group. Relationship of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, smoking habit, relative weight and ECG abnormalities to incidence of major coronary events: final report of the Pooling Project. J Chronic Dis. 1978;31:201-306.
9. Kannel WB, Larson M. Long-term epidemiologic prediction of coronary disease: the Framingham experience. Cardiology. 1993;82: 137-152.
10. Chapman JM, Massey FJ. The interrelationship of serum cholesterol, hypertension, body weight, and risk of coronary disease: results of the first ten years' follow-up in the Los Angeles Heart Study. J Chronic Dis. 1964;17:933-949.
11. Rosengren A, Welin L, Tsipogianni A, Wilhelmsen L. Impact of cardiovascular risk factors on coronary heart disease and mortality among middle-aged diabetic men: a general population study. Br Med J. 1989;299:1127-1131.
12. Butler WJ, Ostrander LD, Carman WJ, Lamphiear DE. Mortality from coronary heart disease in the Tecumset study: long-term effect of diabetes mellitus, glucose intolerance, and other risk factors. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;121:541-547.
13. Benfante R, Reed D. Is elevated serum cholesterol level a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the elderly? JAMA. 1990;263: 393-396.
14. Barrett-Connor E, Suarez L, Khaw K, Criqui MH, Wingard DL. Ischemic heart disease risk factors after age 50. J Chronic Dis. 1984; 37:903-908.
15. Rubin SM, Sidney S, Black DM, Browner WS, Hulley SB, Cummings SR. High blood cholesterol in elderly men and the excess risk for coronary heart disease. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113: 916-920.
16. Kleinman JC, Donahue RP, Harris MI, Finucane FF, Madans JH, Brock DB. Mortality among diabetics in a national sample. Am J Epidemiol. 1988;128:389-401.
17. Jajich CL, Ostfeld AM, Freeman DH. Smoking and coronary heart disease mortality in the elderly. JAMA. 1984;252:2831-2834.
18. Shipley MJ, Pocock SJ, Marmot MG. Does plasma cholesterol concentration predict mortality from coronary heart disease in elderly people? 18 year follow up in Whitehall study. BMJ. 1991; 303:89-92.
19. Hermanson B, Omenn GS, Kronmal RA, Gersh BJ. Beneficial six- year outcome of smoking cessation in older men and women with coronary artery disease: results from the CASS registry. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1365-1369.
20. Castelli WP, Wilson WF, Levy D, Anderson K. Cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly. Am J Cardiol. 1989;63(suppl):12H-19H.
21. Anderson KM, Castelli WP, Levy D. Cholesterol and mortality: 30 years of follow-up from the Framingham study. JAMA. 1987;257: 2176-2180.
22. Kronmal RA, Cain KC, Ye Z, Omenn GS. Total serum cholesterol levels and mortality risk as a function of age. Arch Intern Med. 1993; 153:1065-1073.
23. Beaglehole R. Coronary heart disease and elderly people: no mass treatment of risk factors yet. BMJ. 1991;303:69-70. Editorial.
24. Krumholz HM, Seeman TE, Merrill SS, de Leon M, Vaecarino V, Silverman DI, Tsukahara R, Ostfeld AM, Berkman LF. Lack of association between cholesterol and coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity and all-cause mortality in persons older than 70 years. JAMA. 1994;272:1335-1340.
25. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA. 1991;265:3255-3264.
26. Kostis JB, Prineas R, Curb JD, Lee M, Berkson D, Raines J, Frishman W, Francis CK, Sheffield T. Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP): baseline characteristics of the randomized SHEP participants, part 8 - electrocardiographs characteristics. Hypertension. 1991;17(suppl):II-123-II-151.
27. Prineas RJ, Crow RS, Blackburn H. The Minnesota Code Manual of Electrocardiographic Findings: Standards and Procedures for Measurement and Classification. Littleton, Mass: John Wright-PSG Inc; 1982.
28. Hall WD, Davis BR, Frost P, Hoffmeier M, O'Brien JE, Pace S, Page L, Scheider KA, Stamler J. Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP): baseline characteristics of the randomized SHEP participants, part 7 - baseline laboratory characteristics. Hypertension. 1991:17(suppl):II-102-II-122.
29. Cox DR. Regression models and life-tables. J R Stat Soc. 1972;34: 187-220.
30. Black HR, Curb JD, Probstfield JL, Stamler J. Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). Hypertension. 1991;17: (suppl II).
31. Coronary Drug Project Research Group. Clofibrate and niacin in coronary heart disease. JAMA. 1975;231:360-381.
32. Aspirin Myocardial Infarction Study Research Group. A randomized controlled trial of aspirin in persons recovered from myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1980;243:661-669.
33. LaCroix AZ, Lang J, Scherr P, Wallace RB, Cornom-Huntley J, Berkman L, Curb JD, Evans D, Hennekens CH. Smoking and mortality among older men and women in three communities. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1619-1625.
34. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel II). JAMA. 1993;269:3015-3023.
35. Pan W-H Cedres LB, Liu K, Dyer A, Schoenberger JA, Shekelle RB, Stamler R, Smith D, Collette P, Stamler J. Relationship of clinical diabetes and asymptomatic hyperglycemia to risk of coronary heart disease in men and women. Am J Epidemiol. 1986;123: 504-516.
36. Pekkanen J, Linn S, Heiss G, Suchindran CM, Leon A, Rifkind BM, Tyroler HA. Ten-year mortality from cardiovascular disease in relation to cholesterol level among men with and without preexisting cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 1990;322:1700-1707.
37. Wolf PA, Kannel WB, Sorlie P, McNamara P. Asymptomatic carotid bruit and risk of stroke: the Framingham study. JAMA. 1981;245:1442-1445.
38. Heyman AH, Wilkinson WE, Heyden S, Helms MJ, Bartel AG, Karp HR, Tyroler HA, Hames CG. Risk of stroke in asymptomatic persons with cervical arterial bruits: a population study in Evans County Georgia. N Engl J Med. 1980;302:838-841.
39. Stamler J, Dyer AR, Shekelle RB, Neaton J, Stamler R. Relationship of baseline major risk factors to coronary and all-cause mortality, and to longevity: findings from long-term follow-up of Chicago cohorts. Cardiology. 1993;82:191-222.
40. Harris T, Cook EF, Kannel WB, Goldman L. Proportional hazards analysis of risk factors for coronary heart disease in individuals aged 65 or older. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1988;36:1023-1028.
41. Stamler J, Stamler R, Neaton JD. Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, and cardiovascular risks. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153: 598-615.
42. Kane JP, Malloy MJ, Ports TA, Phillips NR, Diehl JC, Havel RJ. Regression of coronary atherosclerosis during treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia with combined drug regimens. JAMA. 1990; 264:3007-3012.
43. Ornish D, Brown SE, Scherwitz LW, Billings JH, Armstrong WT, Ports TA, McLanahan SM, Kirkeeide RL, Brand RJ, Gould KL. Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial. Lancet. 1990;336:129-133.
44. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet. 1994;344: 1383-1389.
45. Pedersen TR, Kjekshus J, Pyorala K, Wilhelmsen L, Haghfelt T, Thorgeirson G, for the 4S Group. Effect of Simvastatin on survival and coronary morbidity in coronary heart disease patients 65 or older. Circulation. 1995;92(suppl I):I-672. Abstract.