Biodegradation and characterization of water-degraded archaeological textiles created for conservation research

International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 49-59

  Peacock, E E ^a  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM;

BIODEGRADATION; CELLULOSE DERIVATIVES; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION; MORPHOLOGY; NATURAL FIBERS; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; PROTEINS; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SPECIMEN PREPARATION; WOOL;

BURIAL INDUCED DEGRADED MODERN TEXTILES; CELLULOSE BASED FABRICS; MICROMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; PROTEIN BASED FABRICS; SANDY LOAM; SOIL BURIAL; WATER DEGRADED ARCHAEOLOGICAL TEXTILES;

TEXTILE FIBERS;

BIODEGRADATION; TEXTILE CONSERVATION; TEXTILE HISTORY; TEXTILES, ARCHAEOLOGICAL;

EID: 0030186861     PISSN: 09648305     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0964-8305(96)00023-6     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. AATCC (1945). Report on AATCC cooperative tests for determining mildew- and rot-resistance. American Dyestuff Reporter 34, P128-135, P139-140.
2. Allen, S. E. (1989). Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials. Blackwell Scientific, London.
3. Barford, P. M. (1979). Mineral Pseudomorphs of Organic Materials. A Study in Burial Environments. Unpublished, Institute of Archaeology, University of London, London.
4. Bascomb, C. L. (1974). Physical & chemical analysis of <2 mm samples. In: Soil Survey Laboratory Methods; Soil Survey Technical Monograph No. 6, eds B. W. Avery & C. L. Bascomb. Soil Survey, Harpenden.
5. Basu, S. N. & Ghose, R. (1962). A microscopical study on the degradation of jute fiber by micro-organisms. Textile Res. J., 32, 677-694.
6. Batson, D. M., Teunisson, D. J. & Porges, N. (1944). Study of a soil-burial method for determining rot resistance of fabrics. American Dyestuff Reporter 33(21), 423-427, 449-454.
7. Batzer, A., Dokkedal, L. & Jensen, E. S. (1983). Moseforsøg med natur- og plantefarvede stofprøver. Tekstilhistorisk Forsøgrapport, J.nr. 10/72; Historisk-Arkæologisk Forsøgscenter, Lejre.
8. BSI (1972). BS 1051, Glossary of terms relating to the conditioning, testing and mass determination of textiles. British Standards Institute, London.
9. BSI (1975). BS 1377, British standard method of test for soils for civil engineering purposes. British Standards Institute, London.
10. BSI (1981). BS 6085, Methods of test for the determintation of the resistance of textiles to microbiological deterioration. British Standards Institute, London.
11. Cadwallader, C. J., Howitt, F. O. & Smith, S. G. (1941). The fluidity of silk solutions. Part II. Application. J. Textile Inst., 32, T13-24.
12. Christensen, B. B. (1970). The Conservation of Waterlogged Wood in the National Museum of Denmark, Studies in Museum Technology 1. The National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen.
13. Clegg, G. G. (1940). The examination of damaged cotton by the Congo Red test: Further developments and applications. J. Textile Inst., 31, T49-68.
14. Cooke, W. D. & Lomas, B. (1987). Ancient textiles -modern technology. Archaeol. Today, 8(3), 127-148.
15. deGruy, I. V., Carra, J. H. & Goynes, W. R. (1973). The Fine Structure of Cotton. In: An Atlas of Cotton Microscopy, ed. R. T. O'Connor. Marcel Dekker, New York.
16. English, M. P. (1965). The saprophytic growth of non-keratinophilic fungi on keratinized substrata, and a comparison with keratinophilic fungi. Transact. British Mycol. Soc., 48(2), 219-235.
17. Evans, J. G. & Limbrey, S. (1974). The experimental earthwork on Morden Bog, Wareham, Dorset, England: 1963 to 1972. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 40, 170-202.
18. Fargher, R. G. (1945). The Incidence and Control of Mould and Bacteria Attack on Textiles. British Cotton Industry Research Association, Manchester.
19. Gabriel, M. T. (1932). The cortical cells of Merino, Romney and Lincoln wools. J. Textile Inst., 23, T171-176.
20. Harrison, A. F., Latter, P. M. & Wallon, D. W. H. (1988). Appendix I: Current method of preparation, insertion and processing of cotton strips. In: Cotton Strip Assay: An Index of Decomposition in Soil. ITE Symposium No. 24. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Grange-over-Sands, pp. 166-171.
21. Head, K. H. (1984). Manual of Soil Laboratory Testing. Vol.I: Soil Classification and Compaction Tests. Pentech, London.
22. Hearle, J. W. S., Lomas, B., Cooke, W. D. & Duerden, I. J. (1989). Part VII. Fibre Failure and Wear of Materials. Ellis Horwood, Chichester.
23. Husemann, E. (1943). Übermikroskopische Untersuchungen an hydrolytisch abgebauten Fasern. Journal für Makromolekulare Chemie, 3(1), 16-27.
24. Jakes, K. A. & Mitchell, J. C. (1992). The recovery and drying of textiles from a deep ocean historic shipwreak. JAIC, 31(3), 343-353.
25. Janaway, R. C. (1987). The preservation of organic materials in association with metal artifacts deposited in inhumation graves. In: Death, Decay and Reconstruction, eds A. Boddington, A. N. Garland & R. C. Janaway. Manchester University, Manchester, pp. 127-148.
26. Janaway, R. C. (1989). Corrosion preserved textile evidence: mechanism, bias and interpretation. In: Evidence Preserved in Corrosion Products: New Fields in Artifact Studies, eds R. Janaway & B. Scott. Occasional Papers 8. UKIC, London, pp. 21-29.
27. Jewell, P. A. (ed.) (1963). The Experimental Earthwork on Overton Down, Wiltshire, 1960. British Association for the Advancement of Science, London.
28. Jewell, P. A. & Dimbleby, G. W. (1966). The experimental earthwork on Overton Down, Wiltshire, England: the first four years. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society, 32, 313-342.
29. Latter, P. M. & Howson, G. (1977). The use of cotton strips to indicate cellulose decomposition in the field. Pedobiologia, 17, 145-155.
30. Lewis, J. (1981). Wool. In: Microbial Biodeterioration, ed. A.H. Rose. Economic Microbiology 6. Academic, London, pp. 81-130.
31. Marsh, P. B. (1947). Mildew and rot resistance of textiles. Textile Res. J., 17, 597-615.
32. Mauersberger, H. R. (ed.) (1947). Mathews' Textile Fibers. John Wiley, New York.
33. McCarthy, B. J. & Greaves, P. H. (1988). Mildew - causes, detection methods and prevention. Wool Sci. Review, 85, 27-48.
34. Mortimer, C. H. (1941). The exchange of dissolved substances between mud and water in lakes. J. Ecol., 29, 280-329.
35. Needles, H. L. (1987). Burial-induced color changes in unmordanted and mordanted alizarin-dyed cotton and wool fabrics. In: ICOM Committee for Conservation 8th Triennial Meeting, Sydney, Australia, 6-11 September, 1987. Preprints, Vol. 1. ed. K. Grimstad. Getty Conservation Institute, Marina del Rey, pp. 403-406.
36. Needles, H. L. & Regazzi, M. E. (1987). Burial-induced color changes in unmordanted and mordanted madder-dyed cotton and wool fabrics. Preprints. The American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, Washington DC, pp. 78-84.
37. Needles, H. L., Cassman, V. & Collins, M. J. (1986). Mordanted natural-dyed wool and silk fabrics: light- and burial-induced changes in color and tensile properties. In: Historic Textile and Paper Materials, eds H. L. Needles & S. H. Zeronian. ACS Symposium Series 212. American Chemical Society, Washington DC, pp. 199-210.
38. Nilsson, T. (1974a). Formation of soft rot cavities in various cellulose fibers by Humicola alopallonella Myers and Moore. Studia Forestalia Suecica, 112.
39. Nilsson, T. (1974b). Microscopic studies on the degradation of cellophane and various cellulosic fibres by wood-attacking microfungi. Studia Forestalia Suecica 117.
40. Nopitsch, M. (1953). Micro-organic attack on textiles and leather. Ciba Review, 100, 3582-3614.
41. Omar, S., McCord, M. & Daniels, V. (1989). The conservation of bog bodies by freeze-drying. Studies in Conservation, 34(3), 101-109.
42. Parbery, D. G. (1977). Isolation techniques and identification of fungal biodeteriogens from soil. In: Biodeterioration Investigation Techniques, ed. A. H. Walters. Applied Science, London, pp. 123-148.
43. Peacock, E. E. (1992). The potential for thermalanalytical methods in the analysis of archaeological organics. In: Organic Residues in Archaeology: Their Identification and Analysis, eds R. White & H. Page. UKIC Archaeology Section, London, pp. 39-51.
44. Peacock, E. E. (1993). The Development and Drying of Simulated Water-degraded Archaeological Textiles. PhD dissertation, Victoria University of Manchester, Manchester.
45. Peacock, E. E. (in press). X-ray fluorescence analysis of burial-degraded textiles. In: The Sixth Nordic Conference on the Application of Scientific Methods in Archaeology, ed. M. Mejdahl. Esbjerg Museum, Esbjerg.
46. Race, E. (1950). The mildewing of wool: causes and prevention. Wool Sci. Review, 6, 31-42.
47. Rubidge, T. (1977). The effects of moisture content and incubation temperature upon the potential cellulase activity of John Innes No. 1 soil. Int. Biodeter. Bull., 13, 39-44.
48. Sagar, B. F. (1988). The Shirley Soil Burial Test Fabric and tensile testing as a measure of biological breakdown of textiles. In: Cotton Strip Assay: An Index of Decomposition in Soil, eds A. F. Harrison, P. M. Latter & D. W. H. Walton. ITE Symposium No. 24. Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Grange-over-Sands, pp. 11-16.
49. Schweger, B. F. & Kerr, N. (1987). Textiles collected during the temporary exhumation of a crew member from the Third Franklin Expedition: findings and analysis. J.IIC-CG, 12, 9-19.
50. SIS (1977). SIS 25 12 37, Textilvaror bestämning av härdighet mot mögel och röta. Sveriges Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige, Stockholm.
51. Tarleton, K. S. & Ordeñez, M. T. (1995). Stabilization methods for textiles from wet sites. J. Field Archaeol., 22, 81-95.
52. von Bergen, W. (1963). Wool Handbook, Vol. I. Interscience, London.
53. Wälchi, O. (1967). Der Einfluß der Beluftung auf die zerstörende Wirkung der Bodenmiroorganismen auf zellulosehaltige Textilien beim Erdvergrabungsverfahren. Material und Organismen, 2(2), 85-96.
54. Walton, D. W. H. & Allsopp, D. (1977). The new test cloth for soil burial trials and other studies on cellulose decomposition. Int. Biodeter. Bull., 13(4), 112-115.
55. Wessel, C. J. (1954). Textiles and cordage. In: Deterioration of Materials: Causes and Preventive Techniques, eds G. A. Greathouse & C. J. Wessel. Reinhold, New York, pp. 408-506.
56. Yamane, I. & Sato, K. (1967). Effect of temperature on the decomposition of organic substances in flooded soil. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 13(4), 94-100.