Opiates, opioids and addiction

Molecular Psychiatry

Volumn 1, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 232-254

  Kreek, M J ^a  

^a ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Addictions; Cocaine; Endogenous opioid system; Endorphins; Heroin; Opiates; Opioids

Indexed keywords

NARCOTIC AGENT;

ADDICTION; ANIMAL; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; NARCOTICS; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 0030179225     PISSN: 13594184     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (158)

1. Kreek MJ. Multiple drug abuse patterns and medical consequences. In: Meltzer HY (ed). Psychopharmacology: The Third Generation of Progress. Raven Press: New York, 1987, pp 1597-1604.
2. Kreek MJ. Using methadone effectively: achieving goals by application of laboratory, clinical, and evaluation research and by development of innovative programs. In: Pickens R, Leukefeld C, Schuster CR (eds). Improving Drug Abuse Treatment. NIDA Research Monograph Series 106: Rockville, MD, 1991, pp 245-266.
3. Rettig RA, Yarmolinsky A (eds). Federal Regulations of Methadone Treatment. Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 1995.
4. Des Jarlais DC, Marmor M, Cohen H, Yancovitz S, Garber J, Friedman S, Kreek MJ, Miescher A, Khuri E, Friedman SM, Rothenberg R, Echenberg D, O'Malley PO, Braff E, Chin J, Burtenol P, Sikes RK. Antibodies to a retrovirus etiologically associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in populations with increased incidences of the syndrome. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 1984; 33: 377-379.
5. Novick D, Kreek MJ, Des Jarlais D, Spira TJ, Khuri ET, Raghunath J, Kalyanaraman VS, Gelb AM, Miescher A. Antibody to LAV, the putative agent of AIDS, in parenteral drug abusers and methadone-maintained patients: abstract of clinical research findings: therapeutic, historical, and ethical aspects. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1985; Proceedings of the 47th Annual Scientific Meeting of The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series: Rockville, MD, 1986, pp 318-320.
6. Novick DM, Khan I, Kreek MJ. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and infection with hepatitis viruses in individuals abusing drugs by injection. United Nations Bulletin on Narcotics 1986; 15-26.
7. Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR, Novick DM, Sotheran JL, Thomas P, Yancovitz SR, Mildvan D, Weber J, Kreek MJ, Maslansky R, Bartelme S, Spira T, Marmor M. HIV-I infection among intravenous drug users in Manhattan, New York City 1977 to 1987. JAMA 1989; 261: 1008-1012.
8. Novick DM, Trigg HL, Dos Jarlais DC, Friedman SR, Vlahov D, Kreek MJ. Cocaine injection and ethnicity in parenteral drug users during the early years of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in New York City. J Med Virol 1989; 29: 181-185.
9. Kreek MJ. HIV infection and parenteral drug abuse: ethical issues in diagnosis, treatment, research and the maintenance of confidentiality. In: Allebeck P, Jansson B (eds). Proceedings of the Third International Congress on Ethics in Medicine - Nobel Conference Series. Raven Press: New York, NY, 1990, pp 181-187.
10. Kreek MJ. Immune function in heroin addicts and former heroin addicts in treatment: pre/post AIDS epidemic. In: Pham PTK, Rice K (eds). Current Chemical and Pharmacological Advances on Drugs of Abuse which Alter Immune Function and Their Impact upon HIV Infection. NIDA Research Monograph Series: Rockville, MD, 1990, pp 92-219.
11. Kreek MJ, Des Jarlais DC, Trepo CL, Novick DM, Abdul-Quader A, Raghunath J. Contrasting prevalence of delta hepatitis markers in parenteral drug abusers with and without AIDS. J Infect Dis 1990; 162: 538-541.
12. Kreek MJ. Methadone maintenance treatment for harm reduction approach to heroin addiction. In: Loimer N, Schmid R, Springer A (eds). Drug Addiction and AIDS. Springer Verlag: New York, 1991, pp 153-177.
13. Borg L, Kreek MJ. Clinical problems associated with interactions between methadone pharmacotherapy and medications used in the treatment of HIV-positive and AIDS patients. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 1995; 8: 199-202.
14. Pescor MJ. Follow-up study of treated narcotic: drug addicts. Public Health Report (Suppl) 1943; 70: 1.
15. Dole VP, Nyswander ME, Kreek MJ. Narcotic blockade. Arch Intern Med 1966; 118: 304-309.
16. Kreek MJ. Medical safety and side effects of methadone in tolerant individuals. J Am Med Assoc 1973; 223: 665-668.
17. Kreek MJ. Physiological implications of methadone treatment. In: Methadone Treatment Manual. US Dept of Justice (USGPO) #2700-00227: Washington, DC, 1973, pp 85-91.
18. Kreek MJ. Rationale for maintenance pharmacotherapy of opiate dependence. In: O'Brien CP, Jaffe JH (eds). Addictive States. Raven Press: New York, 1992, pp 205-230.
19. Kreek MJ. Epilogue: medical maintenance treatment for heroin addiction, from a retrospective and prospective viewpoint. In: State Methadone Maintenance Treatment Guidelines. Office for Treatment Improvement. Division for State Assistance: Washington, DC, 1992, pp 255-272.
20. Kreek MJ. The addict as a patient. In: Lowinson JH, Ruiz P, Millman RB, Langrod JG (eds). Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook. Williams & Wilkins: Baltimore, Maryland, 1992, pp 997-1009.
21. Ingoglia NA, Dole VP. Localization of D- and L-methadone after intra ventricular injection into rat brain. J Pet Ther 1970; 175: 84-87.
22. Dole VP. Biochemistry of addiction. Ann Rev Biochem 1970; 39: 821-840.
23. Goldstein A, Lowney LT, Pal BK. Stereospecific and nonspecific interactions of the morphine congener levorphanol in subcellular fractions of mouse brain. Proc Null Acad Sci USA 1971; 68: 1742-1747.
24. Pert CB, Snyder SH. Opiate receptor: demonstration in nervous tissue. Science 1973; 179: 1011-1014.
25. 3H]etorphine to rat-brain homogenate. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1973; 70: 1947-1949.
26. Terenius L. Stereospecific interaction between narcotic analgesics and a synaptic plasma membrane fraction of rat cerebral cortex. Acta Pharmacologica ET Toxicologica 1943; 32: 317-320.
27. Hughes J, Smith TW, Kosterlitz HW, Fothergill LA, Morgan BA, Morris HR. Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity. Nature 1975; 258: 577-580.
28. Evans CJ, Keith DE Jr, Morrison H, Magendzo K, Edwards RH. Cloning of a delta opioid receptor by functional expression. Science 1992; 258: 1952-1955.
29. Kieffer BL, Befort K, Gaveriaux-Ruff C, Hirth CG. The delta-opioid receptor: isolation of a cDNA by expression cloning and pharmacological characterization. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1992; 89: 12 048-12 052.
30. Chen Y, Mestek A, Liu J, Hurley JA, Yu L. Molecular cloning and functional expression of a mu opioid receptor from rat brain. Mol Pharmacol 1993; 44: 8-12.
31. Wang JB, Imai Y, Eppler CM, Gregor P, Spviak C, Uhl GR. Mu-opiate receptor: cDNA cloning and expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1993; 90: 10 230-10 234.
32. Thompson RC, Mansour A, Akil H, Watson SJ. Cloning and pharmacological characterization of a rat mu opioid receptor. Neuron 1993; 11: 903-913.
33. Chun Y, Mestek A, Liu J, Yu L. Molecular cloning of a rat kappa opioid receptor reveals sequence similarities to the mu and delta opioid receptors. Biochem J 1993; 295: 625-628.
34. Wang JB, Johnson PS, Persico AM, Hawkins AL, Griffen CA, Uhl GR. Human μ opiate receptor, cDNA and genomic clones, pharmacologic characterization and chromosomal assignment. FERS Lett 1994; 338: 217-222.
35. Raynor K, Kong U, Yasuda K, Chen Y, Yu L, Bell GI, Reisine T. Pharmacological characterization of the cloned kappa, delta and mu opioid receptors. Mol Pharmacol 1994; 45: 330-334.
36. Mestek A, Hurley JH, Bye LS, Campbell A, Chen Y, Tian M, Schulman H, Yu L. The human mu opioid receptor: modulation of functional desensitization by both calcium/calmodulin-dopendent protein kinase and protein kinase C. J Neurosci 1995; 15: 2396-2406.
37. Simonin F, Gaveriaux-Ruff C, Befort K, Matthes H, Lannes B, Micheletti G, Mattel M-G, Charron G, Bloch B, Kieffer B. Kappa-opioid receptor in humans: cDNA and genomic cloning, chromosomal assignment, functional expression, pharmacology, and expression pattern in the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1995; 92: 7006-7010.
38. 1 receptor. Nature 1995; 377: 532-535.
39. Reinscheid RK, Nothacker HP, Bourson A, Ardau A, Henningsen RA, Bunzow JR, Grandy DK, Langen H, Monsma FJ Jr, Civelli O, Orphanin FQ. A neuropoptide that activates an opioidlike G protein-coupled receptor. Science 1995; 270: 792-794.
40. Spangler R, Unterwald EM, Branch A, Ho A, Kreek MJ. Chronic cocaine administration increases prodynorphin mRNA levels in the caudate putamen of rats. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1992; Proceedings of the 54th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 93-3505 NIDA Research Monograph Series: Rockville, MD, 1993, p 142.
41. Spangler R, Unterwald EM, Kreek MJ. 'Binge' cocaine administration induces a sustained increase of prodynorphin mRNA in rat caudate-putamen. Mol Brain Res 1993; 19: 323-327.
42. (1-71) in vivo processing in rat brain by microdialysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1993; Proceedings of the 55th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series, NIH Publication No. 94-3749: Rockville, MD, 1994, p 240.
43. Spangler R, Zhon Y, Unterwald E, Yuforov V, Ho A, Kreek MJ. Kappa opioid receptor mRNA levels in the rat brain: effects of dopamine antagonists and cocaine. In: Regulatory Peptides: Proceedings of the 25th International Narcotics Research Conference (INRC). 1994, p 283.
44. Maisonneuve IM, Kreek MJ. Acute tolerance to the dopamine response induced by a binge pattern of cocaine administration in male rats: an in vivo microdialysis study. J Pharmacol Exp Therapeut 1994; 268(2): 916-921.
45. Maisonneuve IM, Ho A, Kreek MJ. Chronic: administration of a cocaine 'binge' alters basal extracellular levels in male rats: an in vivo microdialysis study. J Pharmacol Exp Therapeut 1995; 272: 652-657.
46. Spangler R, Ho A, Zhon Y, Maggos C, Yuferov V, Kreek MJ. Regulation of kappa opioid receptor mRNA in the rat brain by 'binge' pattern cocaine administration and correlation with preprodynorphin mRNA. Mol Brain Res 1996; 38: 71-76.
47. Clave LH, Maisonneuve IM, Yu J, Ho A, Kreek MJ. Local perfusion of dynorphin A1-17 reduces extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. Abstract for Problems of Drug Dependence, 58th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, 1996.
48. Zhu YS, Branch AD, Robertson HD, Huang TH, Franklin SO, Inturrisi CE. Time course of enkephalin mRNA and peptides in cultured rat adrenal medulla. Mol Brain Res 1992; 12: 173-180.
49. Branch AD, Unterwald EM, Lee SE, Kreek MJ. Quantitation of preproenkephalin mRNA levels in brain regions from male Fischer rats following chronic cocaine treatment using a recently developed solution hybridization procedure. Mol Brain Res 1992; 14: 231-238.
50. Spangler R, Zhou Y, Unterwald EM, Kreek MJ. Opioid peptide and receptor mRNA levels in the rat brain determined by TCA precipitation of mRNA: cRNA hybrids. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1994; Proceedings of the 56th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series, NIH Publication No. 95-3883: Rockville, MD, 1995, p 484.
51. Unterwald EM, Rubenfeld JM, Spangler R, Imai Y, Wang JB, Uhl GR, Kreek MJ. Mu opioid receptor mRNA levels following chronic naltrexone administration. In: Regulatory Peptides: Proceedings of the 25th International Narcotics Research Conference (INRC). 1994, pp 307-308.
52. Unterwald EM, Rubenfeld JM, Imai Y, Wang JB, Uhl GR, Kreek MJ. Chronic opioid antagonist administration upregulates mu opioid receptor binding without altering mu opioid receptor mRNA levels. Mol Brain Res. 1995; 33: 351-355.
53. Kreek MJ. Tolerance and dependence: implications for the pharmacological treatment of addiction. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1986; Proceedings of the 48th Annual Scientific Meeting of The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series, DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 87-1508: Rockville, MD, 1987, pp 53-61.
54. Stimmel B, Kreek MJ. Pharmacologic actions of heroin. In: Stimmel B (ed). Heroin Dependency: Medical, Economic and Social Aspects. Stratton Intercontinental Medical Book Corp: New York, NY, 1975, pp 71-87.
55. Stimmel B, Kreek MJ. Dependence, tolerance and withdrawal. In: Stimmel B (ed). Heroin Dependency: Medical, Economic and Social Aspects. Stratton Intercontinental Medical Book Corp: New York, NY, 1975, pp 88-97.
56. Kreek MJ. Methadone in treatment: physiological and pharmacological issues. In: Dupont RL, Goldstein A, O'Connell J (eds). Handbook on Drug Abuse. NIDA-ADAMHA-DEW-ODAP Executive Office of the President. 1979, pp 57-86.
57. Kreek MJ. Medical complications in methadone patients. Ann NY Acad Sci 1978; 311: 110-134.
58. Kreek MJ, Hartman N. Chronic use of opioids and antipsychotic drugs: side effects, effects on endogenous opioids and toxicity. Ann NY Acad Sci 1982; 398: 151-172.
59. Hartman N, Kreek MJ. Narcotic poisoning. In: Current Therapy, 1983, pp 896-898.
60. Inturrisi CE, Verebely K. The levels of methadone in the plasma in methadone maintenance. Clin Pharm Ther 1972; 18: 633-637.
61. Kreek MJ. Plasma and urine levels of methadone. NY State J Med 1973; 73: 2773-2777.
62. Dole VP, Kreek MJ. Methadone plasma level: sustained by a reservoir of drug in tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1973; 70: 10.
63. Kreek MJ, Garfield JW, Gutjahr CL, Giusti LM. Rifampin-induced methadone withdrawal. New Engl J Med 1976; 294: 1104-1106.
64. Kreek MJ, Gutjahr CL, Garfield JW, Bowen DV, Field FH. Drug interactions with methadone. Ann NY Acad Sci 1976; 281: 350-370.
65. Hachey DL, Mattson DH, Kreek MJ. Quantitation of methadone in biological fluids using deuterium labeled internal standards. In: Klein ER, Klein PD (eds). Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Stable Isotopes. National Technical Information Source, US Dept of Commerce, ERDA-CONF-751027: Springfield, VA, 1976, pp 518-523.
66. Hachey DL, Kreek MJ, Mattson DH. Quantitative analysis of methadone in biological fluids using deuterium-labeled methadone and GLC-chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. J Pharm Sci 1977; 66: 1579-1582.
67. Kreek MJ, Hachey DL, Klein PD. Stereoselective disposition of methadone in man. Life Sci 1979; 24: 925-932.
68. 8 methadone. J Pharm Sci 1982; 71: 39-43.
69. Rubenstein RB, Kreek MJ, Mbawa N, Wolff WI, Korn R, Gutjahr CL. Human spinal fluid methadone levels. Drug and Alc Dep 1978; 3: 103-106.
70. Bowen DV, Smit ALC, Kreek MJ. Fecal excretion of methadone and its metabolites in man: application of GC-MS. In: Daly NR (ed). Advances in Mass Spectrometry. Heyden & Son: Philadelphia, PA, 1978, pp 1634-1639.
71. Kreek MJ, Kalisman M, Irwin M, Jaffery NF, Scheflan M. Biliary secretion of methadone and methadone metabolites in man. Res Comm Chem Path Pharmacol 1980; 29: 67-78.
72. Tong TG, Benowitz NL, Kreek MJ. Methadone-disulfiram interaction during methadone maintenance. J Clin Pharmacol 1980; 20: 506-513.
73. Kreek MJ, Bencsath FA, Field FH. Effects of liver disease on urinary excretion of methadone and metabolites in maintenance patients: quantitation by direct probe chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Biomed Mass Spectrom 1980; 7: 385-395.
74. Tong TG, Pond SM, Kreek MJ, Jaffery NF, Benowitz NL. Phenytoin-induced methadone withdrawal. Ann Intern Med 1981; 94: 349-351.
75. Novick DM, Kreek MJ, Fanizza AM, Yancovitz SR, Gelb AM, Stenger RJ. Methadone disposition in patients with chronic liver disease. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1981; 30: 353-362.
76. Kreek MJ, Bencsath FA, Fanizza A, Field FH. Effects of liver disease on fecal excretion of methadone and its unconjugated metabolites in maintenance patients: quantitation by direct probe chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Biomed Mass Spectrom 1983; 10: 544-549.
77. Pond SM, Kreek MJ, Tong TG, Raghunath J, Benowitz NL. Altered methadone pharmacokinetics in methadone-maintained pregnant women. J Pharm Exper Ther 1985; 233: 1-6.
78. Novick DM, Kreek MJ, Arns PA, Lau LL, Yancovitz SR, Gelb AM. Effects of severe alcoholic liver disease on the disposition of methadone in maintenance patients. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res 1985; 9: 349-354.
79. Dole VP. Implications of methadone maintenance for theories of narcotic addiction. The Albert Lasker Medical Award. JAMA 1988; 260: 3025-3029.
80. Ball JC, Ross A. The Effectiveness of Methadone Maintenance Treatment: Patients, Programs, Services and Outcome. Springer-Verlag: New York, 1991.
81. Cushman P, Kreek MJ, Gordis E. Ethanol and methadone in man: a possible drug interaction. Drug and Alc Dep 1978; 3: 35-42 .
82. Kreek MJ. Effects of drugs and alcohol on opiate disposition and action. In: Adler MW, Manara L, Samnin R (eds). Factors Affecting the Action of Narcotics. Raven Press: New York, NY, 1978, pp 717-739.
83. Kreek MJ. Metabolic interactions between opiates and alcohol. Ann NY Acad Sci 1981; 362: 36-49.
84. Kreek MJ, Rothschild MA, Oratz M, Mongelli J, Handley AC. Acute effects of ethanol on hepatic uptake and distribution of narcotics in the isolated perfused rabbit liver. Hepatology, 1981; 1: 419-423.
85. Kreek MJ. Exogenous opioids: drug-disease interactions. In: Foley KM, Inturrisi CE (eds). Advances in Pain Research and Therapy. Raven Press: New York, NY, 1986, pp 201-210.
86. Kreek MJ. Drug interactions in humans related to drug abuse and its treatment. Mod Meth Pharmacol 1990; 6: 265-282.
87. Mason B, Kreek MJ, Kocsis J, Melia D, Sweeney J. Psychiatric comorbidity in methadone maintained patients. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1991, Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Scientific Meeting, The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence. National Institute on Drug Abuse Monograph. DHHS Publication No. (ADM): Rockville, MD, 1992, p 230.
88. Barondess JA, Beck JC, Kreek MJ, Stimmel B (Contributors to a summary report). Medical Education and Drug Abuse: Report of a Macy Conference. Josiah Macy Jr Foundation, 1973.
89. Kreek MJ. Methadone maintenance treatment for chronic opiate addiction. In: Richter R (ed). Medical Aspects of Drug Abuse. Harper & Row: New York, NY, 1975, pp 167-185.
90. Kreek MJ. Pharmacologic modalities of therapy: methadone maintenance and the use of narcotic antagonists. In: Stimmel B (ed). Heroin Dependency: Medical, Economic and Social Aspects. Stratton Intercontinental Medical Book Corp: New York, NY, 1975, pp 232-290.
91. Kreek MJ. Medical management of methadone-maintained patients. In: Lowinson JH, Ruiz P (eds). Substance Abuse Clinical Problems and Perspectives. Williams & Wilkins: Baltimore, MD, 1981, pp 660-673.
92. Kreek MJ. Health consequences associated with use of methadone. In: Cooper JR, Altman F, Brown BS, Czechowicz D (eds). Research in the Treatment of Narcotic Addiction: State of the Art. National Institute on Drug Abuse Monograph: Maryland, 1983, pp 456-482.
93. Kreek MJ, Khuri E, Fahey L, Miescher A, Arns P, Spagnoli D, Craig J, Millman R, Harte E. Long term follow-up studies of the medical status of adolescent former heroin addicts in chronic methadone maintenance treatment: liver disease and immune status. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1985; Proceedings of the 47th Annual Scientific Meeting of The Committee on Problem of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 86-1448: Rockville, MD, 1986, pp 307-309.
94. Kreek MJ. Historical and medical aspects of methadone maintenance treatment: effectiveness in treatment of heroin addiction and implications of such treatment in the setting of the AIDS epidemic. In: Adamsson C, Jansson B, Rydberg U, Westrin C (eds). Evaluation of Different Programmes for Treatment of Drug Addicts. Medicinska Forskningsradet: Stockholm, Sweden, 1990, pp 61-76.
95. Kreek MJ. Heroin, other opiates, and the immune function. In: Drug Abuse and Drug Abuse Research. The Third Triennial Report to Congress from the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services, DHHS Publication No. (ADM)91-1704: Rockville, MD, 1991.
96. Kreek MJ. Pharmacological treatment of addiction: normalization of physiology and AIDS risk reduction. In: Tagliamonte A, Maremmani I (eds). Drug Addiction and Related Clinical Problems. Springer-Verlag: Wien, Germany, 1995, pp 165-173.
97. Novick DM, Richman BL, Friedman JM, Friedman JE, Fried C, Wilson JP, Townley A, Kreek MJ. The medical status of methadone maintained patients in treatment for 11-18 years. Drug and Alc Dep 1993; 33: 235-245.
98. McLellan AT, Luborsky L, Woody GE, O'Brien CP, Druley KA. Is treatment for substance abuse effective? JAMA 1982; 247: 1423-1428.
99. Kreek MJ. Medical safety, side effects and toxicity of methadone. In: Proceedings of the Fourth National Conference on Methadone Treatment. NAPAN-NIMH, 1972, pp 171-174.
100. Kreek MJ, Dodes L, Kane S, Knobler J, Martin R. Long-term methadone maintenance therapy: effects on liver function. Ann Intern Med 1972; 77: 598-602 .
101. Cushman P, Kreek MJ. Some endocrinologic observations in narcotic addicts. In: Zimmerman E, George R (eds). Narcotic and the Hypothalamus. Raven Press: New York, NY, 1974, pp 161-173.
102. Kreek MJ, Wardlaw SL, Friedman J, Schneider B, Frantz AG. Effects of chronic exogenous opioid administration on levels of one endogenous opioid (beta-endorphin) in man. In: Simon E, Takagi H (eds). Advances in Endogenous and Exogenous Opioids. Kodansha Publishers: Tokyo, Japan, 1981, pp 364-366.
103. Kreek MJ, Wardlaw SL, Hartman N, Raghunath J, Friedman J, Schneider B, Frantz AG. Circadian rhythms and levels of beta-endorphin, ACTH, and cortisol during chronic methadone maintenance treatment in humans. Life Sci 1983; 33: 409-411.
104. Kaufmann CA, Kreek MJ, Karoum F, Chuang LW. Depression during methadone withdrawal: no role for beta-phenylethylamine. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 1984; 13: 21-29.
105. Kreek MJ, Raghunath J, Plevy S, Hamer D, Schneider B, Hartman N. ACTH, cortisol and beta-endorphin response to metyrapone testing during chronic methadone maintenance treatment in humans. Neuropeptides 1984; 5: 277-278.
106. Kosten T, Kreek MJ, Raghunath J, Kleber HD. Cortisol levels during chronic: naltrexone maintenance treatment in ex-opiate addicts. Biol Psychiat 1986; 21: 217-220.
107. Kosten TR, Kreek MJ, Raghunath J, Kleber HD. A preliminary study of beta-endorphin during chronic naltrexone maintenance treatment in ex-opiate addicts. Life Sci 1986; 39: 55-59.
108. Kosten TR, Kreek MJ, Swift C, Carney MK, Ferdinands L. Beta-endorphin levels in CSF during methadone maintenance. Life Sci 1987; 41: 1071-1076.
109. Kennedy JA, Hartman N, Sbriglio R, Khuri E, Kreek MJ. Metyrapone-induced withdrawal symptoms. Br J Addict 1990; 85: 1133-1140.
110. Kreek MJ, Culpepper-Morgan J. Neuroendocrine (HPA) and gastrointestinal effects of opiate antagonists: possible therapeutic application. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1990; Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Scientific Meeting of the Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 91-1753: Rockville, MD, 1991, pp 168-174.
111. Kosten TR, Morgan C, Kreek MJ. Beta-endorphin levels during heroin, methadone, buprenorphine and naloxone challenges: preliminary findings. Biolog Psych 1992; 32: 523-528.
112. Kreek MJ. Effects of opiates, opioid antagonists, and cocaine on the endogenous opioid system: clinical and laboratory studies. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1991; Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Scientific Meeting, The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence. National Institute on Drug Abuse Monograph DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 92-1888: Rockville, MD, 1992, pp 44-48.
113. 1-13 administration causes elevation of serum levels of prolactin in human subjects. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1993; Proceedings of the 55th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series NIH Publication No. 94-3749: Rockville, MD, 1994, p 108.
114. Kreek MJ. Cocaine, dopamine and the endogenous opioid system. J Addictive Dis 1996; (in press).
115. Kreek MJ. Biological correlates of methadone maintenance pharmacotherapy. In: Christoforov B (ed). Ann Mad Interne: Intérêts et Limites des Traitements de Substitution dans la Prise en Charge des Toxicomanes. Masson: Paris, 1994, pp 9-14.
116. Piazza PV, Deroche V, Deminiere J-M, Maccari S, Le Moal M, Simon H. Corticosterone in the range of stress-induced levels possesses reinforcing properties: implication for sensation-seeking behaviors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 11 738-11 742.
117. Piazza PV, Maccari S, Deminiere J-M, Le Moal M, Mormede M, Simon H. Corticosterone levels determine individual vulnerability to amphetamine self-administration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 33: 2088-2092.
118. Piazza PV, Deminiere J-M, Le Moal M, Simon H. Factors that predict individual vulnerability to amphetamine self-administration. Science 1994; 245: 1511-1514.
119. Piazza PV, Marinelli M, Jodogone C, Deroche V, Rouge-Pont F, Maccari S, Le Moal M, Simon H. Inhibition of corticosterone synthesis by metyrapone decreases cocaine-induced locomotion and relapse of cocaine self-administration. Brain Res 1994; 658: 259-264.
120. Zhou Y, Spangler R, LaForge KS, Kreek MJ. Attenuation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to chronic 'binge' pattern cocaine administration corresponds to decreased CRH mRNA in rat hypothalamus. Regulatoiy Peptides: Proceedings of the 25th International Narcotics Research Conference (INRC) 1994; 54: 345-346.
121. Zhou Y, Spangler R, Ho A, LaForge KS, Yuferov V, Unterwald E, Kreek MJ. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA diurnal rhythms in rat hypothalamus and frontal cortex and inhibition by dexamethasone. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1994; Proceedings of the 56th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College, on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series NIH Publication No. 95-3883: Rockville, MD, 1995, p 114.
122. Zhou Y, Spangler R, Maggos CE, LaForge KS, Ho A, Kreek MJ. Effects of cocaine withdrawal conditions on POMC mRNA in rat anterior pituitary. Abstract for Problems of Drug Dependence, 58th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, 1996.
123. Zhou Y, Spangler R, LaForge KS, Maggos C, Kreek MJ. Modulation of CRF-R1 mRNA in rat anterior pituitary by dexamethasone: correlation with POMC mRNA. Peptides 1996; 17: 435-441.
124. Kreek MJ. Methadone disposition during the perinatal period in humans. Pharmac Biochem Behav 1979; II: Suppl 1-7.
125. Burstein Y, Grady RW, Kreek MJ, Rausen AR, Peterson CM. Thrombocytosis in the offspring of female mice receiving DL-methadone. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1980; 164: 275-279.
126. Rosen MI, McMahon TJ, Margolin A, Gill TS, Woods SW, Pearsall HR, Kreek MJ, Kosten TR. Reliability of sequential naloxone challenge tests. Am J Drug Alc Abuse 1995; 4: 453-467.
127. Culpepper-Morgan JA, Inturrisi CE, Portenoy RK, Foley K, Houde RW, Marsh F, Kreek MJ. Treatment of opioid induced constipation with oral naloxone: a pilot study. Clin Pharm Ther 1992; 23: 90-95.
128. Kreek MJ, Schneider BS, Raghunath J, Plevy S. Prolonged (24 hour) infusion of the opioid antagonist naloxone does not significantly alter plasma levels of cortisol and ACTH in humans. Abstracts of the Seventh International Congress of Endocrinology, Excerpta Medica, International Congress Series 652: Amsterdam Oxford-Princeton, July 1984, p 845.
129. Kreek MJ, Ochshorn M, Ferdinands L, O'Bryan L, Carty A. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) effects in humans of a new opioid antagonist nalmefene with mu and kappa receptor subtype activity. Abstracts of the 1987 INRC Conference, Adelaide, Australia, 1987.
130. Schluger J, Porter M, Maniar M, Gunduz M, Ho A, Kreek MJ. Differential effects of two opioid antagonists on hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function in normal controls. Abstract for Problems of Drug Dependence, 58th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, 1996.
131. Novick DM, Ochshorn M, Ghali V, Croxson TS, Mercer WD, Chiorazzi N, Kreek MJ. Natural killer cell activity and lymphocyte subsets in parenteral heroin abusers and long-term methadone maintenance patients. J Pharm Exper Ther 1989; 250: 606-610.
132. Bodner G, Pinto S, Albeck H, Kreek MJ. Effects of dynorphin peptides on human natural killer cell activity in vitro. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1991; Proceedings of the 53rd Annual Scientific Meeting, The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence. National Institute on Drug Abuse Monograph DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 92-1888: Rockville, MD, 1992, p 331.
133. Ochshorn Adelson MO, Novick DM, Khuri E, Albeck H, Hahn EF, Kreek MJ. Effects of the opioid antagonist naloxone on human natural killer cell activity in vitro. Israel J Med Sci 1994; 30: 679-684.
134. Ochshorn-Adelson M, Bodner G, Toraker P, Albeck H, Ho A, Kreek MJ. Effects of ethanol on human natural killer cell activity: in vitro and acute, low-dose in vivo studies. Alc Clin Exp Res 1994; 18(6): 1361-1367.
135. Ochshorn-Adelson M, Kreek MJ, Khuri E, Fahey L, Craig J, Aldana MC, Albeck H. Normal and abnormal natural killer (NK) activity in methadone maintenance treatment patients. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1988; Proceedings of the 50th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 89-1605: Rockville, MD, 1989, p 369.
136. Bodner G, Albeck H, Soda KM, Kreek MJ. Modulation of natural killer cell activity: possible role of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In: Van Ree JM, Mulder AH, Wiegant VM, Van Wimersma Greulanus TB (eds). New Leads in Opioid Research. Excerpta Medica: Amsterdam, 1990, pp 330-331.
137. Borg L, Broe DM, Ho A, Kreek MJ. Cocaine abuse is decreased with effective methadone maintenance treatment at an urban Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) Program. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1994; Proceedings of the 56th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series NIH Publication No. 95-3883: Rockville, MD, 1995, p 17.
138. Unterwald EM, Horne-King J, Kreek MJ. Chronic cocaine alters brain mu opioid receptors. Brain Res 1992; 584: 314-318.
139. Unterwald EM, Cox BM, Kreek MJ, Cote TE. Izenwasser S. Chronic repeated cocaine administration alters basal and opioid-regulated adenylyl cyclase activity. Synapse 1993; 15: 33-38.
140. Unterwald EM, Rubenfeld JM, Kreek MJ. Repeated cocaine administration upregulates κ and μ, but not δ, opioid receptors. NeuroReport 1994; 5: 1613-1616.
141. Unterwald EM, Ho A, Rubenfeld JM, Kreek MJ. Time course of the development of behavioral sensitization and dopamine receptor upregulation during binge cocaine administration. J Pharmacol Exp Therapeut 1994; 270(3): 1387-1397.
142. Maggos CE, Spangler R, Zhou Y, Kreek MJ. Dopamine transporter mRNA levels in the rat substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area immediately following and at two days and ten days after 'binge' cocaine administration. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1994; Proceedings of the 56th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series NIH Publication No. 95-3883: Rockville, MD, 1995, p 508.
143. Maggos CE, Spangler R, Zhou Y, Ho A, Kreek MJ. Quantification of dopamine transporter mRNA in rat brain and modulations by dopamine receptor antagonists and cocaine. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1995; Proceedings of the 57th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series, 1996; DHHS Pub No. (ADM) 96-4116, 162: 218.
144. Tsukada H, Kreuter J, Maggos CE, Kakiuchi T, Nishiyama S, Futatsubashi M, Unterwald E, Kreek MJ. Abstracts for the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. 58th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, 1996.
145. Spangler R, Zhou Y, Maggos CE, Schlussman SD, Ho A, Kreek MJ. Persistent preprodynorphin and kappa opioid receptor mRNA responses to cocaine occur acutely. Abstract for Problems of Drug Dependence, 58th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence, 1996.
146. Daunais JB, McGinty JF. Cocaine binges differentially alter striatal preprodynorphin mRNA. Mol Brain Res 1995; 29: 201-210.
147. Hurd YL, Herkenham M. Influence of a single injection of cocaine, amphetamine or GBR 12909 on mRNA expression of striatal neuropeptides. Mol Brain Res 1992; 16: 97-104.
148. Daunais JB, Roberts DCS, McGinty JF. Cocaine self-administration increases preprodynorphin, but not c-fos, mRNA in rat striatum. NeuroReport 1993; 4: 543-546.
149. Hurd YL, Brown EE, Finlay JM, Fibiger HC, Gerfen CR. Cocaine self-administration differentially alters mRNA expression of striatal peptides. Mol Brain Res 1992; 13: 165-170.
150. Chou JZ, Kreek MJ, Chait BT. Matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry of biotransformation products of dynorphin A in vitro. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1994; 5: 10-16.
151. Chou JZ, Pinto S, Kreek MJ, Chait BT. Study of opioid peptides by laser desorption mass spectrometry. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1992; Proceedings of the 54th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 93-3505: Rockville, MD, 1993, p 380.
152. Chou JZ, Chait BT, Kreek MJ. Study of dynorphin A peptides in vitro processing in human blood by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1994; Proceedings of the 56th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series NIH Publication No. 95-3883: Rockville, MD, 1995, p 252.
153. (1-13): Biotransformation in human and rhesus monkey blood and antinociception. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1995; Proceedings of the 57th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series, 1996; DHHS Pub No. (ADM) 96-4116, 162: 225.
154. (1-17) in human blood and in rhesus monkey blood. In: Harris LS (ed). Problems of Drug Dependence, 1995; Proceedings of the 57th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence. NIDA Research Monograph Series, 1996; DHHS Pub No. (ADM) 96-4116, 162: 131.
155. Volpicelli JR, Alterman AI, Hayashida M, O'Brien CP. Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 876-880.
156. O'Malley SS, Jaffe AJ, Change G, Schottenfeld RS, Meyer RE, Rounsaville BJ. Naltrexone and coping skills therapy for alcohol dependence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 881-887.
157. King AC, Volpicelli JR, Gunduz M, O'Brien CP, Kreek MJ. Naltrexone biotransformation and subjective. Abstract for RSA/ISBRA Scientific Meeting, 1996.
158. Mason BJ, Ritvo EC, Morgan RO, Salvato FR, Goldberg G, Welch B, Mantero-Atienza E. A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral nalmefene HCl for alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1994; 18: 1162-1167.