A framework for tackling drought and land degradation

Journal of Arid Environments

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 309-320

  Agnew, Clive ^a   Warren, Andrew ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

desertification; drought; environmental change; environmental problem; land degradation; Sahel

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL CONTEXT; DEVELOPING REGION; DROUGHT MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM; LAND DEGRADATION; MAN-ENVIRONMENT RELATIONS;

AFRICA, SAHEL;

EID: 0030176818     PISSN: 01401963     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jare.1996.0067     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Agnew, C.T. (1989). Sahel drought, meteorological or agricultural? International Journal of Climatology, 9: 371-382.
2. Agnew, C.T. (1990). Spatial aspects of drought in the Sahel. Journal of Arid Environments, 18: 279-293.
3. Agnew, C.T. (1991a). Disaster in the arid realm. In: Slater, F. (Ed.), Societies, Choices and Environments, pp. 56-79. London: Collins Educational. 507 pp.
4. Agnew, C.T. (1991e). Evaluation of a soil water balance model for the analysis of agricultural drought in the Sahel. In: Sivakumar et al. (Eds), Proceedings of Workshop on Soil Water Balance in the Sudano Sahelian zone February 18-23, pp. 583-592. Wallingford: IAHS Publication 199. 628 pp.
5. Agnew, C.T. (1995). Desertification, drought and development in the Sahel. In: Binns, A. (Ed.), People and Environment in Africa, pp. 137-149. Chichester: J. Wiley & Sons. 274 pp.
6. Agnew, C.T. & Anderson, E.W. (1992). Water Resources in the Arid Realm. London: Routledge. 329 pp.
7. Agnew, C.T. & Warren, A. (1993). The sand trap. In: Hatton, J. & Plouffe, P.B. (Eds), The Culture of Science, pp. 517-525. New York: Macmillan. 633 pp.
8. Ahlcrona, E. (1988). The impact of climate and man on land transformation in central Sudan. Applications of remote sensing, Meddelanden fran Lunds Universitets Geografiska Institutioner, Avhandlinger, 103: 140 pp.
9. Allan, A. & Warren, A. (1993). Deserts: the encroaching wilderness. London: Mitchell Beazley. 176 pp.
10. Anon (1994). New desertification convention may help 99 countries. Discovery & Innovation, 6(2): 127.
11. Asmerom, H.K. (1994). Bureaucracy and environmental policy in the Sahel region of Africa: strategies for arresting the march of desertification. In: Nagel, S.S. (Ed.), African Development and Public Policy, pp. 201-228. New York: Macmillan. 287 pp.
12. Behnke, R.H. Jr., Scoones, I. & Kerven, C.K. (Eds.) (1993). Range Ecology at Disequilibrium: new models of natural variability and pastoral adaptation in African savannas. London: Overseas Development Institute. 248 pp.
13. Beran, M.A. & Roder, J.A. (1985). Hydrological Aspects of Drought. Studies and Reports in Hydrology, 39. Paris: UNESCO-WMO. 149 pp.
14. Binns, A. (1990). Is desertification a myth? Geography, 75: 106-113.
15. Cardy, F. (1993). Desertification - a fresh approach. Desertification Control Bulletin, 22: 4-8.
16. Copans, J. (1983). The Sahelian drought: social sciences and the political economy for underdevelopment. In: Hewitt, K. (Ed.), Interpretations of Calamity, pp. 83-97. London: Allen and Unwin. 304 pp.
17. Druyan, L.M. (1989). Advances in the study of sub-saharan drought. International Journal of Climatology, 9: 77-90.
18. Ellis, J.E. & Swift, D.M. (1988). Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: alternative paradigms and implications for development. Journal of Range Management, 41: 450-459.
19. Farmer, G. (1989). Rainfall in the Sahel. Nairobi: IUCN Sahel Studies. pp. 1-25.
20. Glantz, M.H. & Orlovsky, N.S. (1983). Desertification: a review of the concept. Desertification Control Bulletin, 9: 15-22.
21. Gordon, A.H. (1993). The random nature of drought: mathematical and physical causes. International Journal of Climatology, 13: 497-507.
22. Hellden, U. (1991). Desertification: time for an assessment? Ambio, 20: 372-383.
23. Hulme, M. (1990). The changing rainfall resources of Sudan. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 15: 21-34.
24. Hulme, M. (1992). Rainfall changes in Africa: 1931-1960 to 1961-1990. International Journal of Climatology, 12: 685-699.
25. Hulme, M. (1993). A note on the incidence of drought in Sub-Saharan Africa. London: Report for O.D.I.
26. Hulme, M. & Kelly, M. (1993). Desertification and climate change. Environment, 35(6): 5-11; 39-45.
27. Iles, A. (1995). The desertification convention: a deeper focus on social aspects of environmental degradation? Harvard International Law Journal, 36(1): 207-219.
28. Izrael, Yu.A. & Munn, R.E. (1986). Monitoring and environment and renewable resources. In: Clark, W.C. & Munn, R.E. (Eds), Sustainable Development of the Biosphere. Cambridge: C.U.P. 491 pp.
29. Jones, K.R. (Ed.)(1981). Arid Zone Hydrology for Agricultural Development. Rome: FAO. 271 pp.
30. Jones, H. (1992). Plants and microclimate (2nd Edn). Cambridge: C.U.P.
31. Jury, M.R. & Levey, K. (1993). The climate and changing characteristics of drought in East Cape of South Africa. International Journal of Climatology, 13(6): 629-642.
32. Kates, R.W. & Burton, I. (Ed.) (1986). Geography, Resources and Environment. The selected writings of Gilbert White. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 471 pp.
33. Kelly, M. & Buchanan-Smith, M. (1994). North Sudan in 1991: food crisis and the international relief response. Disasters, 18(1): 16-34.
34. Legates, D.R. (1995). Global and terrestrial precipitation: a comparative assessment of existing climatologies. International Journal Climatology, 15: 237-258.
35. Mainguet, M. (1991). Desertification: natural background and human mismanagement. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 306 pp.
36. Mortimore, M.J. (1988). Drought and resilience in semi-arid West Africa. Geography, 73: 61-64.
37. Mortimore, M.J. (1989a). Adapting to Drought. Farmers, Famines and Desertification in West Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 256 pp.
38. Mortimore, M.J. (1989e). The Causes, Nature and Rate of Soil Degradation in the Northernmost States of Nigeria and An Assessment of the Role of Fertilizer in Counteracting the Processes of Degradation. World Bank Environment Department Working Paper, 17. 50 pp.
39. Mace, R. (1990). Pastoralist herd compositions in unpredictable environments: a comparison of model predictions and data from camel-keeping groups. Agricultural Systems, 33: 1-11.
40. Mace, R. & Houston, A. (1989). Pastoralist strategies for survival in an unpredictable environment: a model of herd composition which maximises household viability. Agricultural Systems, 31: 185-204.
41. Nelson, R. (1988). Dryland management: the desertification problem, Working Paper, 8: for ENVST, World Bank, Washington, D.C. 42 pp.
42. Nicholson, S.E. & Palao, I.M. (1993). A re-evaluation of rainfall variability in the Sahel. International Journal Climatology, 13: 371-389.
43. Norse, D. (1994). Multiple threats to regional food production: environment, economy, population? Food Policy, 19(2): 113-148.
44. Odingo, R.S. (1992). Implementation of the plan of action to combat desertification (PACD) 1978-1991. Desertification Control Bulletin, 21: 6-14.
45. Olsson, L. (1993). On the causes of famine - drought, desertification and market failure in the Sudan. Ambio, 22(6): 395-403.
46. Palmer, W.C. (1965). Meteorological drought. Washington D.C.: U.S. Weather Bureau Research, Paper 45. 58 pp.
47. Rodier, J.A. (1985). Aspects of arid zone hydrology. In: Rodda, J. (Ed.), Facets of Hydrology, Vol. 2. New York: J. Wiley.
48. Roselt (1994). Project to create the long term ecological monitoring observatories network. Paris: Sahara and Sahel Observatory (SSO).
49. Rozanov, B.G. (1990). Assessment of global desertification: status and methodologies. In: Odingo, R.S. (Ed.), Desertification revisited, pp. 45-94. Proceedings of Consultative Meeting on Assessment of Desertification in Nairobi. UNEP-DC/PAC.
50. Sandford, S. (1983). Management of Pastoral Development in the Third World. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons. 316 pp.
51. Sharon, D. (1972). The spottiness of rainfall in a desert area. Journal of Hydrology, 17: 161-175.
52. Sharon, D. (1981). The distribution in space of local rainfall in the Namib Desert. Journal of Climatology, 1: 69-75.
53. Speth, J.G. (1994). Desertification convention essential for food security. Environmental Conservation, 21(1): 4-5.
54. Thomas, D.G. (1993). Sandstorm in a teacup? Understanding desertification. Geographical Journal, 159(3): 318-331.
55. Thomas, D.G. & Middleton, N.J. (1994). Desertification: exploding the myth. Chichester: J. Wiley. 194 pp.
56. Toulmin, C. (1993). Combatting desertification: setting the agenda for a global convention. International Institute for Environment and Development, paper 42.
57. Toulmin, C. & Brahimi, Y. (1995). Implementing the desertification convention: can we learn lessons from the past? Haramata, 26: 9.
58. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (1992). Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro. London: Regency Press.
59. United Nations Environment Programme (1992). World Atlas of Desertification. London: Edward Arnold. 69 pp.
60. Warren, A. (1992). Draft Stately on the Management of Drylands. New York: United Nations Sudano-Sahelian Office. 17 pp.
61. Verstraete, M.M. (1986). Defining desertification - a review. Climatic Change, 9: 5-18.
62. Warren, A. (1993). Desertification as a global environmental issue. GeoJournal, 31: 11-14.
63. Warren, A. (1995). Changing understandings of African pastoralism and environmental paradigms. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 20, 193-203.
64. Warren, A. & Agnew, C. (1988). An assessment of desertification and land degradation in arid and semi arid areas. International Institute for Environment and Development, paper 2: 30 pp.
65. Warren, A. & Khogali, M. (1992). Asssessment of desertification and drought in the Sudano-Sahelian region 1985-1991. New York: UNSO.
66. Webb, P. (1993). Coping with drought and food insecurity. Disasters, 17(1): 33-47.
67. Westing, A.H. (1994). Desertification and migration symposium. Environmental Conservation, 21(1): 85-86.
68. Westoby, M., Walker, B. & Noy-Meir, I. (1989a). Range management on the basis of a model which does not seek to establish equilibrium. Journal of Arid Environments, 17: 235-239.
69. Westoby, M., Walker, B. & Noy-Meir, I. (1989b). Opportunistic management of rangelands not at equilibrium. Journal of Range Management, 42: 266-274.
70. Yevjevich, V., Hall, W.A. & Salas, E.D. (Eds) (1977). Drought Research Needs. Fort Collins: Conference Proc's. 264 pp.