메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 123, Issue 1-4, 1996, Pages 1-27

Gas exchange, hypercarbia and acid-base balance, paleoecology, and the evolutionary transition from water-breathing to air-breathing among vertebrates

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHIBIA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0030176772     PISSN: 00310182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0031-0182(96)00121-6     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (74)

References (173)
  • 1
    • 0027419067 scopus 로고
    • Interrenal function in larval Ambystoma tigrinum. III. Acid-base balance responses
    • Aguinaga, E.M. and Stiffler, D.F., 1993. Interrenal function in larval Ambystoma tigrinum. III. Acid-base balance responses. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 90: 100-108.
    • (1993) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.90 , pp. 100-108
    • Aguinaga, E.M.1    Stiffler, D.F.2
  • 2
    • 0028184295 scopus 로고
    • The origin and early diversification of tetrapods
    • Ahlberg, P.E. and Milner, A.R., 1994. The origin and early diversification of tetrapods. Nature, 368: 507-513.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.368 , pp. 507-513
    • Ahlberg, P.E.1    Milner, A.R.2
  • 3
    • 0001830157 scopus 로고
    • The aistopod amphibians surveyed
    • Baird, D., 1964. The aistopod amphibians surveyed. Breviora, 206: 1-17.
    • (1964) Breviora , vol.206 , pp. 1-17
    • Baird, D.1
  • 4
    • 0027134572 scopus 로고
    • Interactions of acid-base status and nitrogen excretion and metabolism in the ureogenic teleost Opsanus beta
    • Barber, M.L. and Walsh, P.J., 1993. Interactions of acid-base status and nitrogen excretion and metabolism in the ureogenic teleost Opsanus beta. J. Exp. Biol., 185: 87-105.
    • (1993) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.185 , pp. 87-105
    • Barber, M.L.1    Walsh, P.J.2
  • 5
    • 0000388882 scopus 로고
    • Influence of Silurian-Devonian climates on the rise of air-breathing vertebrates
    • Barrell, J., 1916. Influence of Silurian-Devonian climates on the rise of air-breathing vertebrates. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 27: 387-436.
    • (1916) Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. , vol.27 , pp. 387-436
    • Barrell, J.1
  • 7
    • 0025197828 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over Phanerozoic time
    • Berner, R.A., 1990. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over Phanerozoic time. Science, 249: 1382-1386.
    • (1990) Science , vol.249 , pp. 1382-1386
    • Berner, R.A.1
  • 8
    • 0026268416 scopus 로고
    • 2 over Phanerozoic time
    • 2 over Phanerozoic time. Am. J. Sci., 291: 339-376.
    • (1991) Am. J. Sci. , vol.291 , pp. 339-376
    • Berner, R.A.1
  • 9
    • 0027384824 scopus 로고
    • 2: Importance of solar radiation and plant evolution
    • 2: importance of solar radiation and plant evolution. Science, 261: 68-70.
    • (1993) Science , vol.261 , pp. 68-70
    • Berner, R.A.1
  • 10
    • 0024856908 scopus 로고
    • A new model for atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time
    • Berner, R.A. and Canfield, D.E., 1989. A new model for atmospheric oxygen over Phanerozoic time. Am. J. Sci., 289: 333-361.
    • (1989) Am. J. Sci. , vol.289 , pp. 333-361
    • Berner, R.A.1    Canfield, D.E.2
  • 11
    • 51249170093 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac activity, ventilation rate and acid-base regulation in rainbow trout exposed to hypoxia and combined hypoxia and hypercapnia
    • Borch, K., Jensen, F.B. and Andersen, B.B., 1993. Cardiac activity, ventilation rate and acid-base regulation in rainbow trout exposed to hypoxia and combined hypoxia and hypercapnia. Fish Physiol. Biochem., 12: 101-110.
    • (1993) Fish Physiol. Biochem. , vol.12 , pp. 101-110
    • Borch, K.1    Jensen, F.B.2    Andersen, B.B.3
  • 12
    • 0021434441 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the intermittent breathing pattern in Xenopus laevis
    • Boutilier, R.G., 1984. Characterization of the intermittent breathing pattern in Xenopus laevis. J. Exp. Biol., 110: 291-309.
    • (1984) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.110 , pp. 291-309
    • Boutilier, R.G.1
  • 13
    • 0023672439 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base regulation and blood gases in the anuran amphibian, Bufo marinus, during environmental hypercapnia
    • Boutilier, R.G. and Heisler, N., 1988. Acid-base regulation and blood gases in the anuran amphibian, Bufo marinus, during environmental hypercapnia. J. Exp. Biol., 134: 79-98.
    • (1988) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.134 , pp. 79-98
    • Boutilier, R.G.1    Heisler, N.2
  • 15
    • 0022539863 scopus 로고
    • The effects of forced and voluntary diving on ventilation, blood gases and pH in the aquatic amphibian, Xenopus laevis
    • Boutilier, R.G. and Shelton, G., 1986a. The effects of forced and voluntary diving on ventilation, blood gases and pH in the aquatic amphibian, Xenopus laevis. J. Exp. Biol., 122: 209-222.
    • (1986) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.122 , pp. 209-222
    • Boutilier, R.G.1    Shelton, G.2
  • 16
    • 0022817853 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange, storage and transport in voluntarily diving Xenopus laevis
    • Boutilier, R.G. and Shelton, G., 1986b. Gas exchange, storage and transport in voluntarily diving Xenopus laevis. J. Exp. Biol., 126: 133-155.
    • (1986) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.126 , pp. 133-155
    • Boutilier, R.G.1    Shelton, G.2
  • 17
    • 0019798371 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory, circulatory and acid-base adjustments to hypercapnia in a strictly aquatic and predominantly skin-breathing urodele, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
    • Boutilier, R.G. and Toews, D.P., 1981. Respiratory, circulatory and acid-base adjustments to hypercapnia in a strictly aquatic and predominantly skin-breathing urodele, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis. Respir. Physiol., 46: 177-192.
    • (1981) Respir. Physiol. , vol.46 , pp. 177-192
    • Boutilier, R.G.1    Toews, D.P.2
  • 18
    • 77957215692 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory adaptations in intertidal fish
    • Bridges, C.R., 1988. Respiratory adaptations in intertidal fish. Am. Zool., 28: 79-96.
    • (1988) Am. Zool. , vol.28 , pp. 79-96
    • Bridges, C.R.1
  • 19
    • 0000280614 scopus 로고
    • Bimodal gas exchange during variation in environmental oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air breathing fish Trichogaster trichopterus
    • Burggren, W.W., 1979. Bimodal gas exchange during variation in environmental oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air breathing fish Trichogaster trichopterus. J. Exp. Biol., 82: 197-213.
    • (1979) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.82 , pp. 197-213
    • Burggren, W.W.1
  • 20
    • 0011771579 scopus 로고
    • 2 excretion in the obligate air breathing fish Trichogaster trichopterus: A role for carbonic anhydrase
    • 2 excretion in the obligate air breathing fish Trichogaster trichopterus: a role for carbonic anhydrase. J. Exp. Biol., 82: 215-225.
    • (1979) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.82 , pp. 215-225
    • Burggren, W.W.1    Haswell, S.2
  • 21
    • 0002648977 scopus 로고
    • Respiration in phyletically ancient fishes
    • R.E. Foreman (Editor). Plenum Press, New York
    • Burggren, W., Johansen, K. and McMahon, B., 1986. Respiration in phyletically ancient fishes. In: R.E. Foreman (Editor), Evolutionary Biology of Primitive Fish. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 217-252.
    • (1986) Evolutionary Biology of Primitive Fish , pp. 217-252
    • Burggren, W.1    Johansen, K.2    McMahon, B.3
  • 22
    • 0020061362 scopus 로고
    • Changing respiratory importance of gills, lungs, and skin during metamorphosis in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana
    • Burggren, W.W. and West, N.H., 1982. Changing respiratory importance of gills, lungs, and skin during metamorphosis in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. Respir. Physiol., 47: 151-164.
    • (1982) Respir. Physiol. , vol.47 , pp. 151-164
    • Burggren, W.W.1    West, N.H.2
  • 23
    • 0000759335 scopus 로고
    • The effect of long term, moderate hypoxia on acid-base balance, plasma catecholamines and possible anaerobic end products in the unrestrained dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula
    • Butler, P.J., Taylor, E.W. and Davison, W., 1979. The effect of long term, moderate hypoxia on acid-base balance, plasma catecholamines and possible anaerobic end products in the unrestrained dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. J. Comp. Physiol., 132: 297-303.
    • (1979) J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.132 , pp. 297-303
    • Butler, P.J.1    Taylor, E.W.2    Davison, W.3
  • 24
    • 0016967943 scopus 로고
    • Branchial ion uptake in arctic grayling: Resting values and effects of acid-base disturbance
    • Cameron, J.N., 1976. Branchial ion uptake in arctic grayling: resting values and effects of acid-base disturbance. J. Exp. Biol., 64: 711-725.
    • (1976) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.64 , pp. 711-725
    • Cameron, J.N.1
  • 25
    • 0000321735 scopus 로고
    • Body fluid pools, kidney function, and acid-base regulation in the freshwater catfish, Ictalurus punctatus
    • Cameron, J.N., 1980. Body fluid pools, kidney function, and acid-base regulation in the freshwater catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. J. Exp. Biol., 86: 171-185.
    • (1980) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.86 , pp. 171-185
    • Cameron, J.N.1
  • 26
    • 0022271819 scopus 로고
    • The bone compartment in a teleost fish, Ictalurus punctatus: Size, composition and acid-base response to hypercapnia
    • Cameron, J.N., 1985. The bone compartment in a teleost fish, Ictalurus punctatus: size, composition and acid-base response to hypercapnia. J. Exp. Biol., 117: 307-318.
    • (1985) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.117 , pp. 307-318
    • Cameron, J.N.1
  • 27
    • 0001167424 scopus 로고
    • Compensation of progressive hypercapnia in channel catfish and blue crabs
    • Cameron, J.N. and Iwama, G.K., 1987. Compensation of progressive hypercapnia in channel catfish and blue crabs. J. Exp. Biol., 133: 183-197.
    • (1987) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.133 , pp. 183-197
    • Cameron, J.N.1    Iwama, G.K.2
  • 29
    • 0001699933 scopus 로고
    • Renal function and acid-base balance in two Amazonian erythrinid fishes: Hoplias malabaricus, a water breather, and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, a facultative air breather
    • Cameron, J.N. and Wood, C.M., 1978. Renal function and acid-base balance in two Amazonian erythrinid fishes: Hoplias malabaricus, a water breather, and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, a facultative air breather. Can. J. Zool., 56: 917-930.
    • (1978) Can. J. Zool. , vol.56 , pp. 917-930
    • Cameron, J.N.1    Wood, C.M.2
  • 31
    • 84986634608 scopus 로고
    • Reports of the Cambridge expedition to British Guiana, 1933. Respiratory adaptations of the fishes of the forest waters, with descriptions of the accessory respiratory organs of Electrophorus electricus (Linn.) (= Gymnotus electricus austt.) and Plecostomus plecostomus (Linn.)
    • Carter, G.S., 1935. Reports of the Cambridge expedition to British Guiana, 1933. Respiratory adaptations of the fishes of the forest waters, with descriptions of the accessory respiratory organs of Electrophorus electricus (Linn.) (= Gymnotus electricus austt.) and Plecostomus plecostomus (Linn.). J. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.), 39: 219-223.
    • (1935) J. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.) , vol.39 , pp. 219-223
    • Carter, G.S.1
  • 32
    • 84947825176 scopus 로고
    • The fauna of the swamps of the Paraguayan Chaco in relation to its environment - I. Physico-chemical nature of the environment
    • Carter, G.S. and Beadle, L.C., 1931. The fauna of the swamps of the Paraguayan Chaco in relation to its environment - I. Physico-chemical nature of the environment. J. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.), 37: 205-265.
    • (1931) J. Linn. Soc. London (Zool.) , vol.37 , pp. 205-265
    • Carter, G.S.1    Beadle, L.C.2
  • 33
    • 0002949857 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base balance and ion transfers in the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) during hypercapnia: A role for ammonia excretion
    • Claiborne, J.B. and Evans, D.H., 1992. Acid-base balance and ion transfers in the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) during hypercapnia: a role for ammonia excretion. J. Exp. Zool., 261: 9-17.
    • (1992) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.261 , pp. 9-17
    • Claiborne, J.B.1    Evans, D.H.2
  • 34
    • 0003078540 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base regulation and ion transfers in the carp (Cyprinus carpio) during and after exposure to environmental hypercapnia
    • Claiborne, J.B. and Heisler, N., 1984. Acid-base regulation and ion transfers in the carp (Cyprinus carpio) during and after exposure to environmental hypercapnia. J. Exp. Biol., 108: 25-43.
    • (1984) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.108 , pp. 25-43
    • Claiborne, J.B.1    Heisler, N.2
  • 35
    • 0022818878 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base regulation and ion transfers in the carp (Cyprinus carpio): pH compensation during graded long-and short-term environmental hypercapnia, and the effect of bicarbonate infusion
    • Claiborne, J.B. and Heisler, N., 1986. Acid-base regulation and ion transfers in the carp (Cyprinus carpio): pH compensation during graded long-and short-term environmental hypercapnia, and the effect of bicarbonate infusion. J. Exp. Biol., 126: 41-61.
    • (1986) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.126 , pp. 41-61
    • Claiborne, J.B.1    Heisler, N.2
  • 36
    • 0025591545 scopus 로고
    • Polydactyly in the earliest known tetrapod limbs
    • Coates, M.I. and Clack, J.A., 1990. Polydactyly in the earliest known tetrapod limbs. Nature, 347: 66-68.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 66-68
    • Coates, M.I.1    Clack, J.A.2
  • 37
    • 0026266513 scopus 로고
    • Fish-like gills and breathing in the earliest known tetrapod
    • Coates, M.I. and Clack, J.A., 1991. Fish-like gills and breathing in the earliest known tetrapod. Nature, 352: 234-236.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.352 , pp. 234-236
    • Coates, M.I.1    Clack, J.A.2
  • 38
    • 0011792099 scopus 로고
    • Scales in the Permian amphibian Trimerorhachis
    • Colbert, E.H., 1955. Scales in the Permian amphibian Trimerorhachis. Am. Mus. Novit., 1740: 1-17.
    • (1955) Am. Mus. Novit. , vol.1740 , pp. 1-17
    • Colbert, E.H.1
  • 39
    • 0003093960 scopus 로고
    • Wildfire: An interaction of biological and physical processes
    • B.H. Tiffney (Editor). Yale Univ. Press, New Haven
    • Cope, M.J. and Chaloner, W.G., 1985. Wildfire: an interaction of biological and physical processes. In: B.H. Tiffney (Editor), Geological Factors and the Evolution of Plants. Yale Univ. Press, New Haven, pp. 257-277.
    • (1985) Geological Factors and the Evolution of Plants , pp. 257-277
    • Cope, M.J.1    Chaloner, W.G.2
  • 40
    • 84977697432 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous respiration and the origin of modern Amphibia
    • Cox, C.B., 1967. Cutaneous respiration and the origin of modern Amphibia. Proc. Linn. Soc. London, 178: 37-47.
    • (1967) Proc. Linn. Soc. London , vol.178 , pp. 37-47
    • Cox, C.B.1
  • 41
    • 0011762826 scopus 로고
    • The effects of amiloride on electrolyte transport and acid-base balance in the larval salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum
    • Crocker, C.E. and Stiffler, D.F., 1991. The effects of amiloride on electrolyte transport and acid-base balance in the larval salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. J. Comp. Physiol., B 161: 460-464.
    • (1991) J. Comp. Physiol., B , vol.161 , pp. 460-464
    • Crocker, C.E.1    Stiffler, D.F.2
  • 44
    • 0019986899 scopus 로고
    • Effect of body temperature on ventilatory control in the alligator
    • Davies, D.G., Thomas, J.L. and Smith, E.N., 1982. Effect of body temperature on ventilatory control in the alligator. J. Appl. Physiol., 52: 114-118.
    • (1982) J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.52 , pp. 114-118
    • Davies, D.G.1    Thomas, J.L.2    Smith, E.N.3
  • 45
    • 0019414463 scopus 로고
    • Functional morphology of the gills of the bowfin, Amia calva L., with special reference to their significance during air exposure
    • Daxboeck, C., Barnard, D.K. and Randall, D.J., 1981. Functional morphology of the gills of the bowfin, Amia calva L., with special reference to their significance during air exposure. Respir. Physiol., 43: 349-364.
    • (1981) Respir. Physiol. , vol.43 , pp. 349-364
    • Daxboeck, C.1    Barnard, D.K.2    Randall, D.J.3
  • 46
    • 0016215875 scopus 로고
    • Aestivation of the African lungfish Protopterus aethiopicus: Cardiovascular and respiratory functions
    • DeLaney, R.G., Lahiri, S. and Fishman, A.P., 1974. Aestivation of the African lungfish Protopterus aethiopicus: cardiovascular and respiratory functions. J. Exp. Biol., 61: 111-128.
    • (1974) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.61 , pp. 111-128
    • DeLaney, R.G.1    Lahiri, S.2    Fishman, A.P.3
  • 47
    • 0017369223 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base balance and plasma composition in the aestivating lungfish (Protopterus)
    • DeLaney, R.G., Lahiri, S., Hamilton, R. and Fishman, A.P., 1977. Acid-base balance and plasma composition in the aestivating lungfish (Protopterus). Am. J. Physiol., 232: R10-R17.
    • (1977) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.232
    • DeLaney, R.G.1    Lahiri, S.2    Hamilton, R.3    Fishman, A.P.4
  • 48
    • 0001478931 scopus 로고
    • The soft anatomy of Bothriolepis
    • Denison, R.H., 1941. The soft anatomy of Bothriolepis. J. Paleontol., 15: 553-561.
    • (1941) J. Paleontol. , vol.15 , pp. 553-561
    • Denison, R.H.1
  • 49
    • 0023673758 scopus 로고
    • 2 levels in rainbow trout exposed to hypercapnia in bicarbonate-rich hard fresh water-a methodological verification
    • 2 levels in rainbow trout exposed to hypercapnia in bicarbonate-rich hard fresh water-a methodological verification. J. Exp. Biol., 134: 463-466.
    • (1988) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.134 , pp. 463-466
    • Dimberg, K.1
  • 50
    • 0011782576 scopus 로고
    • The aquatic origin of tetrapods
    • Eaton, T.H., 1960. The aquatic origin of tetrapods. Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., 63: 115-120.
    • (1960) Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 115-120
    • Eaton, T.H.1
  • 53
    • 0000001309 scopus 로고
    • Two perspectives on the evolution of the tetrapod limb
    • Edwards, J.L., 1989. Two perspectives on the evolution of the tetrapod limb. Am. Zool., 29: 235-254.
    • (1989) Am. Zool. , vol.29 , pp. 235-254
    • Edwards, J.L.1
  • 54
    • 0016154945 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchanges and blood gas concentrations in the frog Rana ridibunda
    • Emilio, M.G., 1974. Gas exchanges and blood gas concentrations in the frog Rana ridibunda. J. Exp. Biol., 60: 901-908.
    • (1974) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.60 , pp. 901-908
    • Emilio, M.G.1
  • 55
    • 0016366982 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange and its effect on blood gas concentrations in the amphibian, Xenopus laevis
    • Emilio, M.G. and Shelton, G., 1974. Gas exchange and its effect on blood gas concentrations in the amphibian, Xenopus laevis. J. Exp. Biol., 60: 567-579.
    • (1974) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.60 , pp. 567-579
    • Emilio, M.G.1    Shelton, G.2
  • 56
    • 0001481721 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide exchange and its effects on the pH and bicarbonate equilibria in the blood of the amphibian, Xenopus laevis
    • Emilio, M.G. and Shelton, G., 1980. Carbon dioxide exchange and its effects on the pH and bicarbonate equilibria in the blood of the amphibian, Xenopus laevis. J. Exp. Biol., 85: 253-262.
    • (1980) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.85 , pp. 253-262
    • Emilio, M.G.1    Shelton, G.2
  • 57
    • 0014786735 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange between air and water and the ventilation pattern in the electric eel
    • Farber, J. and Rahn, H., 1970. Gas exchange between air and water and the ventilation pattern in the electric eel. Respir. Physiol., 9: 151-161.
    • (1970) Respir. Physiol. , vol.9 , pp. 151-161
    • Farber, J.1    Rahn, H.2
  • 58
    • 0002431622 scopus 로고
    • Strategy and sequence in the evolution of the external gas exchangers of ectothermal vertebrates
    • Gans, C., 1970a. Strategy and sequence in the evolution of the external gas exchangers of ectothermal vertebrates. Forma Functio, 3: 61-104.
    • (1970) Forma Functio , vol.3 , pp. 61-104
    • Gans, C.1
  • 59
    • 0001391146 scopus 로고
    • Respiration in early tetrapods - The frog is a red herring
    • Gans, C., 1970b. Respiration in early tetrapods - the frog is a red herring. Evolution, 24: 723-734.
    • (1970) Evolution , vol.24 , pp. 723-734
    • Gans, C.1
  • 60
    • 0014786620 scopus 로고
    • Normal arterial gas tensions and pH and the breathing frequency of the electric eel
    • Garey, W.F. and Rahn, H., 1970. Normal arterial gas tensions and pH and the breathing frequency of the electric eel. Respir. Physiol., 9: 141-150.
    • (1970) Respir. Physiol. , vol.9 , pp. 141-150
    • Garey, W.F.1    Rahn, H.2
  • 61
    • 0026917920 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base regulation in response to hypercapnia in the lymphatic and circulatory systems of the toad Bufo marinus
    • Garland, R.J. and Toews, D.P., 1992. Acid-base regulation in response to hypercapnia in the lymphatic and circulatory systems of the toad Bufo marinus. J. Exp. Biol., 170: 271-276.
    • (1992) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.170 , pp. 271-276
    • Garland, R.J.1    Toews, D.P.2
  • 62
    • 0016221510 scopus 로고
    • Aquatic respiration in the sea snake Pelamis platurus
    • Graham, J.B., 1974. Aquatic respiration in the sea snake Pelamis platurus. Respir. Physiol., 21: 1-7.
    • (1974) Respir. Physiol. , vol.21 , pp. 1-7
    • Graham, J.B.1
  • 63
    • 0025362669 scopus 로고
    • Control of ventilation in the hypercapnic skate Raja ocellata: I. Blood and extradural fluid
    • Graham, M.S., Turner, J.D. and Wood, C.M., 1990. Control of ventilation in the hypercapnic skate Raja ocellata: I. Blood and extradural fluid. Respir. Physiol., 80: 259-277.
    • (1990) Respir. Physiol. , vol.80 , pp. 259-277
    • Graham, M.S.1    Turner, J.D.2    Wood, C.M.3
  • 64
    • 0022472670 scopus 로고
    • The effects of hypercapnia on the arterial acid-base status in the tegu lizard, Tupinambis nigropunctatus
    • Glass, M.L. and Heisler, N., 1986. The effects of hypercapnia on the arterial acid-base status in the tegu lizard, Tupinambis nigropunctatus. J. Exp. Biol., 122: 13-24.
    • (1986) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.122 , pp. 13-24
    • Glass, M.L.1    Heisler, N.2
  • 65
    • 0001343643 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the physiology of terrestrial life in amphibious fishes-1. The mudskipper, Periophthalmus sobrinus
    • Gordon, M.S., Boëtius, I., Evans, D.H., McCarthy, R. and Oglesby, L.C., 1969. Aspects of the physiology of terrestrial life in amphibious fishes-1. The mudskipper, Periophthalmus sobrinus. J. Exp. Biol., 50: 141-149.
    • (1969) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.50 , pp. 141-149
    • Gordon, M.S.1    Boëtius, I.2    Evans, D.H.3    McCarthy, R.4    Oglesby, L.C.5
  • 66
    • 0017931978 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the physiology of terrestrial life in amphibious fishes-III. The Chinese mudskipper Periophthalmus cantonensis
    • Gordon, M.S., Ng, W.W.-S. and Yip, A.Y.-W., 1978. Aspects of the physiology of terrestrial life in amphibious fishes-III. The Chinese mudskipper Periophthalmus cantonensis. J. Exp. Biol., 72: 57-75.
    • (1978) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.72 , pp. 57-75
    • Gordon, M.S.1    Ng, W.W.-S.2    Yip, A.Y.-W.3
  • 67
    • 0017228546 scopus 로고
    • Importance of pulmonary ventilation in respiratory control in the bullfrog
    • Gottlieb, G. and Jackson, D.C., 1976. Importance of pulmonary ventilation in respiratory control in the bullfrog. Am. J. Physiol., 230: 608-613.
    • (1976) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.230 , pp. 608-613
    • Gottlieb, G.1    Jackson, D.C.2
  • 68
    • 0001464131 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange of the giant salamanders of North America
    • G.M. Hughes (Editor). Academic Press, New York
    • Guimond, R.W. and Hutchison, V.H., 1976. Gas exchange of the giant salamanders of North America. In: G.M. Hughes (Editor), Respiration of Amphibious Vertebrates. Academic Press, New York, pp. 313-338.
    • (1976) Respiration of Amphibious Vertebrates , pp. 313-338
    • Guimond, R.W.1    Hutchison, V.H.2
  • 69
    • 49349125487 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the atmosphere of the earth
    • Hart, M.E., 1978. The evolution of the atmosphere of the earth. Icarus, 33: 23-39.
    • (1978) Icarus , vol.33 , pp. 23-39
    • Hart, M.E.1
  • 70
    • 0020169928 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular and extracellular acid-base regulation in the tropical fresh-water teleost fish Synbranchus marmoratus in response to the transition from water breathing to air breathing
    • Heisler, N., 1982. Intracellular and extracellular acid-base regulation in the tropical fresh-water teleost fish Synbranchus marmoratus in response to the transition from water breathing to air breathing. J. Exp. Biol., 99: 9-28.
    • (1982) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.99 , pp. 9-28
    • Heisler, N.1
  • 72
    • 0000010560 scopus 로고
    • Acid base regulation
    • D.H. Evans (Editor). CRC Press, Boca Raton
    • Heisler, N., 1993. Acid base regulation. In: D.H. Evans (Editor), The Physiology of Fishes. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 343-378.
    • (1993) The Physiology of Fishes , pp. 343-378
    • Heisler, N.1
  • 73
    • 0019914960 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base regulation in response to environmental hypercapnia in two aquatic salamanders, Siren lacertina and Amphiuma means
    • Heisler, N., Forcht, G., Ultsch, G.R. and Anderson, J.F., 1982. Acid-base regulation in response to environmental hypercapnia in two aquatic salamanders, Siren lacertina and Amphiuma means. Respir. Physiol., 49: 141-158.
    • (1982) Respir. Physiol. , vol.49 , pp. 141-158
    • Heisler, N.1    Forcht, G.2    Ultsch, G.R.3    Anderson, J.F.4
  • 74
    • 0001963098 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of acid-base adjustment in dogfish (Scyliorhinus stellaris) subjected to long-term temperature acclimation
    • Heisler, N., Neumann, P. and Holeton, G.F., 1980. Mechanisms of acid-base adjustment in dogfish (Scyliorhinus stellaris) subjected to long-term temperature acclimation. J. Exp. Biol., 85: 89-98.
    • (1980) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.85 , pp. 89-98
    • Heisler, N.1    Neumann, P.2    Holeton, G.F.3
  • 75
    • 0017228939 scopus 로고
    • Hypercapnia and resultant bicarbonate transfer processed in an elasmobranch fish
    • Heisler, N., Weitz, H. and Weitz, A.M., 1976. Hypercapnia and resultant bicarbonate transfer processed in an elasmobranch fish. Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir., 12: 77-85.
    • (1976) Bull. Eur. Physiopathol. Respir. , vol.12 , pp. 77-85
    • Heisler, N.1    Weitz, H.2    Weitz, A.M.3
  • 76
    • 0011755208 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen consumption during aerial activity in aquatic and amphibious fish
    • Hillman, S.S. and Withers, P.C., 1987. Oxygen consumption during aerial activity in aquatic and amphibious fish. Copeia, 1987: 232-234.
    • (1987) Copeia , vol.1987 , pp. 232-234
    • Hillman, S.S.1    Withers, P.C.2
  • 77
    • 0003138559 scopus 로고
    • Colosteus scutellatus (Newberry), a primitive temnospondyl amphibian from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Linton
    • Hook, R.W., 1983. Colosteus scutellatus (Newberry), a primitive temnospondyl amphibian from the Middle Pennsylvanian of Linton. Ohio. Am. Mus. Novit., 2770: 1-41.
    • (1983) Ohio. Am. Mus. Novit. , vol.2770 , pp. 1-41
    • Hook, R.W.1
  • 78
    • 0014784777 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base balance in transition from water breathing to air breathing
    • Howell, B.J., 1970. Acid-base balance in transition from water breathing to air breathing. Fed. Proc., 29: 1130-1134.
    • (1970) Fed. Proc. , vol.29 , pp. 1130-1134
    • Howell, B.J.1
  • 79
    • 0001656092 scopus 로고
    • Respiration in an air-breathing fish, the climbing perch Anabas testudineus Bloch
    • Hughes, G.M. and Singh, R.N., 1970. Respiration in an air-breathing fish, the climbing perch Anabas testudineus Bloch. J. Exp. Biol., 53: 265-280.
    • (1970) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.53 , pp. 265-280
    • Hughes, G.M.1    Singh, R.N.2
  • 80
    • 0015189534 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange with air and water in an air-breathing catfish, Saccobranchus (= Heteropneustes) fossilis
    • Hughes, G.M. and Singh, R.N., 1971. Gas exchange with air and water in an air-breathing catfish, Saccobranchus (= Heteropneustes) fossilis. J. Exp. Biol., 55: 667-682.
    • (1971) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.55 , pp. 667-682
    • Hughes, G.M.1    Singh, R.N.2
  • 81
    • 0001945844 scopus 로고
    • Relation of body size and surface area to gas exchange in anurans
    • Hutchison, V.H., Whitford, W.G. and Kohl, M., 1968. Relation of body size and surface area to gas exchange in anurans. Physiol. Zool., 41: 65-85.
    • (1968) Physiol. Zool. , vol.41 , pp. 65-85
    • Hutchison, V.H.1    Whitford, W.G.2    Kohl, M.3
  • 82
    • 0000646796 scopus 로고
    • Differential approaches to blood acid-base regulation during exposure to prolonged hypercapnia in two freshwater teleosts: The rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the American eel (Anguilla rostrata)
    • Hyde, D.A. and Perry, S.F., 1989. Differential approaches to blood acid-base regulation during exposure to prolonged hypercapnia in two freshwater teleosts: the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the American eel (Anguilla rostrata). Physiol. Zool., 62: 1164-1186.
    • (1989) Physiol. Zool. , vol.62 , pp. 1164-1186
    • Hyde, D.A.1    Perry, S.F.2
  • 83
    • 0011734937 scopus 로고
    • Ecological aspects of the origins of the tetrapods
    • Inger, R.F., 1957. Ecological aspects of the origins of the tetrapods. Evolution, 11: 373-376.
    • (1957) Evolution , vol.11 , pp. 373-376
    • Inger, R.F.1
  • 84
    • 0020648665 scopus 로고
    • Blood oxygen levels and acid-base status following air exposure in an air-breathing fish, Channa argus: The role of air ventilation
    • Ishimatsu, A. and Itazawa, Y., 1983. Blood oxygen levels and acid-base status following air exposure in an air-breathing fish, Channa argus: the role of air ventilation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 74A: 787-793.
    • (1983) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.74 A , pp. 787-793
    • Ishimatsu, A.1    Itazawa, Y.2
  • 85
    • 85008274768 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange in an air-breathing fish, the snakehead Channa argus, in normoxic and hypoxic water and in air
    • Itazawa, Y. and Ishimatsu, A., 1981. Gas exchange in an air-breathing fish, the snakehead Channa argus, in normoxic and hypoxic water and in air. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 47: 829-834.
    • (1981) Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish. , vol.47 , pp. 829-834
    • Itazawa, Y.1    Ishimatsu, A.2
  • 86
    • 0011766405 scopus 로고
    • Effect of environmental water salinity on acid-base regulation during environmental hypercapnia in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
    • Iwama, G.K. and Heisler, N., 1991. Effect of environmental water salinity on acid-base regulation during environmental hypercapnia in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. J. Exp. Biol., 158: 1-18.
    • (1991) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.158 , pp. 1-18
    • Iwama, G.K.1    Heisler, N.2
  • 87
    • 0016160557 scopus 로고
    • The effects of temperature and carbon dioxide breathing on ventilation and acid-base status of turtles
    • Jackson, D.C., Palmer, S.E. and Meadow, W.L., 1974. The effects of temperature and carbon dioxide breathing on ventilation and acid-base status of turtles. Respir. Physiol., 20: 131-146.
    • (1974) Respir. Physiol. , vol.20 , pp. 131-146
    • Jackson, D.C.1    Palmer, S.E.2    Meadow, W.L.3
  • 88
    • 0016836709 scopus 로고
    • 2 in blood and water on breathing in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri
    • 2 in blood and water on breathing in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Respir. Physiol., 25: 235-245.
    • (1975) Respir. Physiol. , vol.25 , pp. 235-245
    • Janssen, R.G.1    Randall, D.J.2
  • 89
    • 0014791283 scopus 로고
    • Respiration in a primitive air-breather, Amia calva
    • Johansen, K., Hanson, D. and Lenfant, C., 1970. Respiration in a primitive air-breather, Amia calva. Respir. Physiol., 9: 162-174.
    • (1970) Respir. Physiol. , vol.9 , pp. 162-174
    • Johansen, K.1    Hanson, D.2    Lenfant, C.3
  • 90
    • 0001225173 scopus 로고
    • Gas exchange and control of breathing in the electric eel, Electrophorus electricus
    • Johansen, K., Lenfant, C., Schmidt-Nielsen, K. and Petersen, J.A., 1968. Gas exchange and control of breathing in the electric eel, Electrophorus electricus. Z. Vergl. Physiol., 61: 137-163.
    • (1968) Z. Vergl. Physiol. , vol.61 , pp. 137-163
    • Johansen, K.1    Lenfant, C.2    Schmidt-Nielsen, K.3    Petersen, J.A.4
  • 91
    • 0000539962 scopus 로고
    • Propranolol impairs the hyperventilatory response to acute hypercapnia in rainbow trout
    • Kinkead, R., Aota, A., Perry, S.F. and Randall, D.J., 1993. Propranolol impairs the hyperventilatory response to acute hypercapnia in rainbow trout. J. Exp. Biol., 175: 115-126.
    • (1993) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.175 , pp. 115-126
    • Kinkead, R.1    Aota, A.2    Perry, S.F.3    Randall, D.J.4
  • 92
    • 0014790648 scopus 로고
    • Potential respiratory and circulatory adjustments to hypoxia in the African lungfish
    • Lahiri, S., Szidon, J.P. and Fishman, A.P., 1970. Potential respiratory and circulatory adjustments to hypoxia in the African lungfish. Fed. Proc., 29: 1141-1148.
    • (1970) Fed. Proc. , vol.29 , pp. 1141-1148
    • Lahiri, S.1    Szidon, J.P.2    Fishman, A.P.3
  • 93
    • 0013986154 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory properties of blood and pattern of gas exchange in the lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft)
    • Lenfant, C., Johansen, K. and Grigg, G.C., 1966/1967. Respiratory properties of blood and pattern of gas exchange in the lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri (Krefft). Respir. Physiol., 2: 1-21.
    • (1966) Respir. Physiol. , vol.2 , pp. 1-21
    • Lenfant, C.1    Johansen, K.2    Grigg, G.C.3
  • 94
    • 0014792904 scopus 로고
    • Bimodal gas exchanges and ventilation-perfusion relationship in lower vertebrates
    • Lenfant, C., Johansen, K. and Hanson, D., 1970. Bimodal gas exchanges and ventilation-perfusion relationship in lower vertebrates. Fed. Proc., 29: 1124-1129.
    • (1970) Fed. Proc. , vol.29 , pp. 1124-1129
    • Lenfant, C.1    Johansen, K.2    Hanson, D.3
  • 96
    • 0026392153 scopus 로고
    • Facultative aerial respiration in an intertidal sculpin, Clinocottus analis (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae)
    • Martin, K.L.M., 1991. Facultative aerial respiration in an intertidal sculpin, Clinocottus analis (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae). Physiol. Zool., 64: 1341-1355.
    • (1991) Physiol. Zool. , vol.64 , pp. 1341-1355
    • Martin, K.L.M.1
  • 97
    • 0027456050 scopus 로고
    • 2 and respiratory exchange ratio in intertidal fishes out of water
    • 2 and respiratory exchange ratio in intertidal fishes out of water. Env. Biol. Fishes, 37: 189-196.
    • (1993) Env. Biol. Fishes , vol.37 , pp. 189-196
    • Martin, K.L.M.1
  • 98
    • 0011782187 scopus 로고
    • 2 exchange during terrestrial activity in amphibious fish, Alticus kirki (Blenniidae)
    • 2 exchange during terrestrial activity in amphibious fish, Alticus kirki (Blenniidae). Copeia, 1989: 723-727.
    • (1989) Copeia , vol.1989 , pp. 723-727
    • Martin, K.L.M.1    Lighton, J.R.B.2
  • 100
    • 0001961914 scopus 로고
    • The relative efficiency of gaseous exchange across the lungs and gills of an African lungfish Protopterus aethiopicus
    • McMahon, B.R., 1970. The relative efficiency of gaseous exchange across the lungs and gills of an African lungfish Protopterus aethiopicus. J. Exp. Biol., 52: 1-15.
    • (1970) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.52 , pp. 1-15
    • McMahon, B.R.1
  • 101
    • 0000161420 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory physiology of intestinal air breathing in the teleost fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
    • McMahon, B.R., and Burggren, W.W., 1987. Respiratory physiology of intestinal air breathing in the teleost fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. J. Exp. Biol., 133: 371-393.
    • (1987) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.133 , pp. 371-393
    • McMahon, B.R.1    Burggren, W.W.2
  • 102
    • 34548725723 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen uptake by the skin of the Canterbury mudfish, Neochanna burrowsius
    • Meredith, A.S., Davie, P.S. and Forster, M.E., 1982. Oxygen uptake by the skin of the Canterbury mudfish, Neochanna burrowsius. N. Z. J. Zool., 9: 387-390.
    • (1982) N. Z. J. Zool. , vol.9 , pp. 387-390
    • Meredith, A.S.1    Davie, P.S.2    Forster, M.E.3
  • 103
    • 0022557026 scopus 로고
    • + exchange with environment after exhaustive exercise in the rainbow trout
    • + exchange with environment after exhaustive exercise in the rainbow trout. J. Exp. Biol., 123: 93-121.
    • (1986) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.123 , pp. 93-121
    • Milligan, C.L.1    Wood, C.M.2
  • 104
    • 0011766407 scopus 로고
    • Unidirectional water and sodium fluxes and respiratory metabolism in the African lung-fish, Protopterus annectens
    • Oduleye, S.O., 1977. Unidirectional water and sodium fluxes and respiratory metabolism in the African lung-fish, Protopterus annectens. J. Comp. Physiol., 119: 127-139.
    • (1977) J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.119 , pp. 127-139
    • Oduleye, S.O.1
  • 105
    • 0002111822 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the biology of Trimerorhachis (Amphibia: Temnospondyli)
    • Olson, E.C., 1979. Aspects of the biology of Trimerorhachis (Amphibia: Temnospondyli). J. Paleontol., 53: 1-17.
    • (1979) J. Paleontol. , vol.53 , pp. 1-17
    • Olson, E.C.1
  • 106
    • 0017158370 scopus 로고
    • Devonian amphibians: Did they excrete carbon dioxide via skin, gills, or lungs?
    • Packard, G.C., 1976. Devonian amphibians: did they excrete carbon dioxide via skin, gills, or lungs? Evolution, 30: 270-280.
    • (1976) Evolution , vol.30 , pp. 270-280
    • Packard, G.C.1
  • 107
    • 0023839103 scopus 로고
    • Physiological adaptations of the intertidal rockpool teleost Blennius pholis L., to aerial exposure
    • Pelster, B., Bridges, C.R. and Grieshaber, M.K., 1988. Physiological adaptations of the intertidal rockpool teleost Blennius pholis L., to aerial exposure. Respir. Physiol., 71: 355-374.
    • (1988) Respir. Physiol. , vol.71 , pp. 355-374
    • Pelster, B.1    Bridges, C.R.2    Grieshaber, M.K.3
  • 108
    • 0002437278 scopus 로고
    • The regulation of hypercapnic acidosis in the two salmonids, the freshwater trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the seawater salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
    • Perry, S.F., 1982. The regulation of hypercapnic acidosis in the two salmonids, the freshwater trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the seawater salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Mar. Behav. Physiol., 9: 73-79.
    • (1982) Mar. Behav. Physiol. , vol.9 , pp. 73-79
    • Perry, S.F.1
  • 109
    • 0002537368 scopus 로고
    • Are circulating catecholamines involved in the control of breathing by fishes?
    • Perry, S.F., Kinkead, R. and Fritsche, R., 1992. Are circulating catecholamines involved in the control of breathing by fishes? Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., 2: 65-83.
    • (1992) Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. , vol.2 , pp. 65-83
    • Perry, S.F.1    Kinkead, R.2    Fritsche, R.3
  • 110
    • 0001261640 scopus 로고
    • Hypercapnic acidosis in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). I. Branchial ion fluxes and blood acid-base status
    • Perry, S.F., Malone, S. and Ewing, D., 1987. Hypercapnic acidosis in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). I. Branchial ion fluxes and blood acid-base status. Can. J. Zool., 65: 888-895.
    • (1987) Can. J. Zool. , vol.65 , pp. 888-895
    • Perry, S.F.1    Malone, S.2    Ewing, D.3
  • 111
    • 0001398496 scopus 로고
    • 2 exchange in the gills of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus stellaris
    • 2 exchange in the gills of the dogfish, Scyliorhinus stellaris. Respir. Physiol., 2: 135-148.
    • (1967) Respir. Physiol. , vol.2 , pp. 135-148
    • Piiper, J.1    Schumann, D.2
  • 112
    • 0013873876 scopus 로고
    • Aquatic gas exchange: Theory
    • Rahn, H., 1966. Aquatic gas exchange: theory. Respir. Physiol., 1: 1-12.
    • (1966) Respir. Physiol. , vol.1 , pp. 1-12
    • Rahn, H.1
  • 113
    • 0003028267 scopus 로고
    • Gas transport from the external environment to the cell
    • A.V.S. deReuck and R. Porter (Editors) Churchill, London
    • Rahn, H., 1966. Gas transport from the external environment to the cell. In: A.V.S. deReuck and R. Porter (Editors), Development of the Lung, Ciba Found. Symp. Churchill, London, pp. 3-23.
    • (1966) Development of the Lung, Ciba Found. Symp. , pp. 3-23
    • Rahn, H.1
  • 114
    • 84989659103 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory transition and acid base balance from water to air
    • P. Dejours et al. (Editors). Livinia Press, Padova
    • Rahn, H. and Dejours, P., 1987. Respiratory transition and acid base balance from water to air. In: P. Dejours et al. (Editors), Comparative Physiology: Life in Water and on Land (Fidia Res. Ser., 9). Livinia Press, Padova, pp. 27-36.
    • (1987) Comparative Physiology: Life in Water and on Land (Fidia Res. Ser., 9) , pp. 27-36
    • Rahn, H.1    Dejours, P.2
  • 115
    • 0015694619 scopus 로고
    • - values of ectotherms living in the Amazon
    • - values of ectotherms living in the Amazon. Am. J. Physiol., 225: 735-738.
    • (1973) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.225 , pp. 735-738
    • Rahn, H.1    Garey, W.F.B.2
  • 118
    • 0019510237 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of bimodal gas exchange in the bowfin, Amia calva L. (Actinopterygii: Amiiformes)
    • Randall, D.J., Cameron, J.N., Daxboeck, C. and Smatresk, N., 1981. Aspects of bimodal gas exchange in the bowfin, Amia calva L. (Actinopterygii: Amiiformes). Respir. Physiol., 43: 339-348.
    • (1981) Respir. Physiol. , vol.43 , pp. 339-348
    • Randall, D.J.1    Cameron, J.N.2    Daxboeck, C.3    Smatresk, N.4
  • 119
    • 0000930757 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide excretion in the jeju, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, a facultative air-breathing teleost
    • Randall, D.J., Farrell, A.P. and Haswell, M.S., 1978a. Carbon dioxide excretion in the jeju, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, a facultative air-breathing teleost. Can. J. Zool., 56: 970-973.
    • (1978) Can. J. Zool. , vol.56 , pp. 970-973
    • Randall, D.J.1    Farrell, A.P.2    Haswell, M.S.3
  • 120
    • 0000930757 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide excretion in the pirarucu (Arapaima gigas), an obligate air-breathing fish
    • Randall, D.J., Farrell, A.P. and Haswell, M.S., 1978b. Carbon dioxide excretion in the pirarucu (Arapaima gigas), an obligate air-breathing fish. Can. J. Zool., 56: 977-982.
    • (1978) Can. J. Zool. , vol.56 , pp. 977-982
    • Randall, D.J.1    Farrell, A.P.2    Haswell, M.S.3
  • 121
    • 0017250895 scopus 로고
    • Ventilatory response to hypercapnia in the larger spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus stellaris
    • Randall, D.J., Heisler, N. and Drees, F., 1976. Ventilatory response to hypercapnia in the larger spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus stellaris. Am. J. Physiol., 230: 590-594.
    • (1976) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.230 , pp. 590-594
    • Randall, D.J.1    Heisler, N.2    Drees, F.3
  • 123
    • 0015314777 scopus 로고
    • Skin breathing - Primary or secondary?
    • Romer, A.S., 1972a. Skin breathing - primary or secondary? Respir. Physiol., 14: 183-192.
    • (1972) Respir. Physiol. , vol.14 , pp. 183-192
    • Romer, A.S.1
  • 124
    • 0011781496 scopus 로고
    • A Carboniferous labyrinthodont amphibian with complete dermal armor
    • Romer, A.S. 1972b. A Carboniferous labyrinthodont amphibian with complete dermal armor. Kirtlandia, 16: 1-8.
    • (1972) Kirtlandia , vol.16 , pp. 1-8
    • Romer, A.S.1
  • 125
    • 84982071372 scopus 로고
    • The Upper Nile swamps, a tropical wetland study
    • Rzoska, J., 1974. The Upper Nile swamps, a tropical wetland study. Freshwater Biol., 4: 1-30.
    • (1974) Freshwater Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 1-30
    • Rzoska, J.1
  • 127
    • 0015130695 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of pH regulation in hypercapnia and hypocapnia
    • Siesjo, B.K., 1971. Quantification of pH regulation in hypercapnia and hypocapnia. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest., 28: 113-119.
    • (1971) Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. , vol.28 , pp. 113-119
    • Siesjo, B.K.1
  • 128
    • 0003010843 scopus 로고
    • Ventilatory and acid-base responses to long-term hypercapnia in the freshwater turtle, Chrysemys picta bellii
    • Silver, R.B. and Jackson, D.C., 1985. Ventilatory and acid-base responses to long-term hypercapnia in the freshwater turtle, Chrysemys picta bellii. J. Exp. Biol., 114: 661-672.
    • (1985) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.114 , pp. 661-672
    • Silver, R.B.1    Jackson, D.C.2
  • 129
    • 0022997537 scopus 로고
    • Ionic compensation with no renal response to chronic hypercapnia in Chrysemys picta bellii
    • Silver, R.B. and Jackson, D.C., 1986. Ionic compensation with no renal response to chronic hypercapnia in Chrysemys picta bellii. Am. J. Physiol., 251: R1228-R1234.
    • (1986) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.251
    • Silver, R.B.1    Jackson, D.C.2
  • 130
    • 0014262891 scopus 로고
    • Calcium and carbonate metabolism in the frog (Rana temporaria) during respiratory acidosis
    • Simkiss, K., 1968. Calcium and carbonate metabolism in the frog (Rana temporaria) during respiratory acidosis. Am. J. Physiol., 214: 627-634.
    • (1968) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.214 , pp. 627-634
    • Simkiss, K.1
  • 131
    • 0015133609 scopus 로고
    • Respiration of an air-breathing catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.)
    • Singh, B.N. and Hughes, G.M., 1971. Respiration of an air-breathing catfish Clarias batrachus (Linn.). J. Exp. Biol., 55: 421-434.
    • (1971) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.55 , pp. 421-434
    • Singh, B.N.1    Hughes, G.M.2
  • 132
    • 0001113690 scopus 로고
    • Respiration and acid-base physiology of the spotted gar, a bimodal breather. I. Normal values, and the response to severe hypoxia
    • Smatresk, N.J. and Cameron, J.N., 1982a. Respiration and acid-base physiology of the spotted gar, a bimodal breather. I. Normal values, and the response to severe hypoxia. J. Exp. Biol., 96: 263-280.
    • (1982) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.96 , pp. 263-280
    • Smatresk, N.J.1    Cameron, J.N.2
  • 133
    • 0001113689 scopus 로고
    • Respiration and acid-base physiology of the spotted gar, a bimodal breather. II. Responses to temperature change and hypercapnia
    • Smatresk, N.J. and Cameron, J.N., 1982b. Respiration and acid-base physiology of the spotted gar, a bimodal breather. II. Responses to temperature change and hypercapnia. J. Exp. Biol., 96: 281-293.
    • (1982) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.96 , pp. 281-293
    • Smatresk, N.J.1    Cameron, J.N.2
  • 134
    • 21344494219 scopus 로고
    • Bimodal respiration in aquatic and terrestrial apodan amphibians
    • Smits, A.W. and Flanagin, J.I., 1994. Bimodal respiration in aquatic and terrestrial apodan amphibians. Am. Zool., 34: 247-263.
    • (1994) Am. Zool. , vol.34 , pp. 247-263
    • Smits, A.W.1    Flanagin, J.I.2
  • 135
    • 0016222622 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous gas exchange in snakes
    • Standaert, T. and Johansen, K., 1974. Cutaneous gas exchange in snakes. J. Comp. Physiol., 89: 313-320.
    • (1974) J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.89 , pp. 313-320
    • Standaert, T.1    Johansen, K.2
  • 136
    • 0000816807 scopus 로고
    • The partitioning of oxygen uptake from air and from water by erythrinids
    • Stevens, E.D. and Holeton, G.F., 1978. The partitioning of oxygen uptake from air and from water by erythrinids. Can. J. Zool., 56: 965-969.
    • (1978) Can. J. Zool. , vol.56 , pp. 965-969
    • Stevens, E.D.1    Holeton, G.F.2
  • 137
    • 0000830428 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous gas exchange and low evaporative water loss in the frogs Phyllomedusa sauvagei and Chiromantis xerampelina
    • Stinner, J.N. and Shoemaker, V.H., 1987. Cutaneous gas exchange and low evaporative water loss in the frogs Phyllomedusa sauvagei and Chiromantis xerampelina. J. Comp. Physiol., B 157: 423-427.
    • (1987) J. Comp. Physiol., B , vol.157 , pp. 423-427
    • Stinner, J.N.1    Shoemaker, V.H.2
  • 138
    • 0002000280 scopus 로고
    • Partitioning of acid-base regulation between renal and extrarenal sites in the adult, terrestrial stage of the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum during respiratory acidosis
    • Stiffler, D.F., 1991. Partitioning of acid-base regulation between renal and extrarenal sites in the adult, terrestrial stage of the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum during respiratory acidosis. J. Exp. Biol., 157: 47-62.
    • (1991) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.157 , pp. 47-62
    • Stiffler, D.F.1
  • 139
    • 0001449084 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between acid-base balance and cutaneous ion transport in larval Ambystoma tigrinum (Amphibia: Caudata) in response to hypercapnia
    • Stiffler, D.F., Ryan, S.L. and Mushkot, R.A., 1987. Interactions between acid-base balance and cutaneous ion transport in larval Ambystoma tigrinum (Amphibia: Caudata) in response to hypercapnia. J. Exp. Biol., 130: 389-404.
    • (1987) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.130 , pp. 389-404
    • Stiffler, D.F.1    Ryan, S.L.2    Mushkot, R.A.3
  • 140
    • 0026575702 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base-electrolyte balance responses of Bufo marinus to aminoglutethimide, corticosterone, and aldosterone during hypercapnia
    • Stiffler, D.F. and Toews, D.P., 1992. Acid-base-electrolyte balance responses of Bufo marinus to aminoglutethimide, corticosterone, and aldosterone during hypercapnia. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 86: 152-161.
    • (1992) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.86 , pp. 152-161
    • Stiffler, D.F.1    Toews, D.P.2
  • 141
    • 0020858302 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base and ionic balance in Ambystoma tigrinum and Necturus maculosus during hypercapnia
    • Stiffler, D.F., Tufts, B.L. and Toews, D.P., 1983. Acid-base and ionic balance in Ambystoma tigrinum and Necturus maculosus during hypercapnia. Am. J. Physiol., 245: R689-694.
    • (1983) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.245
    • Stiffler, D.F.1    Tufts, B.L.2    Toews, D.P.3
  • 142
    • 0000252578 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous surface area and bimodal respiration in soft-shelled (Trionyx spiniferus), stinkpot (Sternotherus odoratus), and mud turtles (Kinosternon subrubrum)
    • Stone, P.A., Dobie, J.L. and Henry, R.P., 1992. Cutaneous surface area and bimodal respiration in soft-shelled (Trionyx spiniferus), stinkpot (Sternotherus odoratus), and mud turtles (Kinosternon subrubrum). Physiol. Zool., 65: 311-330.
    • (1992) Physiol. Zool. , vol.65 , pp. 311-330
    • Stone, P.A.1    Dobie, J.L.2    Henry, R.P.3
  • 143
    • 0000866625 scopus 로고
    • Primary production, isotopes, extinctions and the atmosphere
    • Tappan, H., 1968. Primary production, isotopes, extinctions and the atmosphere. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 4: 187-210.
    • (1968) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. , vol.4 , pp. 187-210
    • Tappan, H.1
  • 144
    • 0002814916 scopus 로고
    • Changes in blood acid-base balance in trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) following exposure to combined hypoxia and hypercapnia
    • Thomas, S., 1983. Changes in blood acid-base balance in trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) following exposure to combined hypoxia and hypercapnia. J. Comp. Physiol., 152: 53-57.
    • (1983) J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.152 , pp. 53-57
    • Thomas, S.1
  • 145
    • 0000116365 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of exogenous and endogenous hypercapnia on ventilation and oxygen uptake in the rainbow-trout (Salmo gairdneri R.)
    • Thomas, S., Fievet, B., Barthelemy, L. and Peyraud, C., 1983. Comparison of the effects of exogenous and endogenous hypercapnia on ventilation and oxygen uptake in the rainbow-trout (Salmo gairdneri R.). J. Comp. Physiol., 151: 185-190.
    • (1983) J. Comp. Physiol. , vol.151 , pp. 185-190
    • Thomas, S.1    Fievet, B.2    Barthelemy, L.3    Peyraud, C.4
  • 147
    • 0011766410 scopus 로고
    • The adaptation and evolution of early fishes
    • Thomson, K. S., 1971. The adaptation and evolution of early fishes. Q. Rev. Biol., 46: 139-166.
    • (1971) Q. Rev. Biol. , vol.46 , pp. 139-166
    • Thomson, K.S.1
  • 148
    • 0001097217 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of Devonian lobe-finned fishes
    • A.L. Panchen (Editor). Academic Press, New York
    • Thomson, K.S., 1980. The ecology of Devonian lobe-finned fishes. In: A.L. Panchen (Editor), The Terrestrial Environment and the Origin of Land Vertebrates. Academic Press, New York, pp. 187-222.
    • (1980) The Terrestrial Environment and the Origin of Land Vertebrates , pp. 187-222
    • Thomson, K.S.1
  • 149
    • 0020124177 scopus 로고
    • The effects of hypercapnia on intracellular and extracellular acid-base status in the toad, Bufo marinus
    • Toews, D.P. and Heisler, N., 1982. The effects of hypercapnia on intracellular and extracellular acid-base status in the toad, Bufo marinus. J. Exp. Biol., 97: 79-86.
    • (1982) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.97 , pp. 79-86
    • Toews, D.P.1    Heisler, N.2
  • 150
    • 0020853145 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the acid-base status during environmental hypercapnia in the marine teleost fish Conger conger
    • Toews, D.P., Holeton, G.F. and Heisler, N., 1983. Regulation of the acid-base status during environmental hypercapnia in the marine teleost fish Conger conger. J. Exp. Biol., 107: 9-20.
    • (1983) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.107 , pp. 9-20
    • Toews, D.P.1    Holeton, G.F.2    Heisler, N.3
  • 151
    • 0025349825 scopus 로고
    • Compensation of progressive hypercapnia in the toad (Bufo marinus) and the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)
    • Toews, D.P. and Stiffler, D.F., 1990. Compensation of progressive hypercapnia in the toad (Bufo marinus) and the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). J. Exp. Biol., 148: 293-302.
    • (1990) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.148 , pp. 293-302
    • Toews, D.P.1    Stiffler, D.F.2
  • 155
    • 0000445433 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of dissolved carbon dioxide and oxygen to microhabitat selection in Pseudobranchus striatus
    • Ultsch, G.R., 1971. The relationship of dissolved carbon dioxide and oxygen to microhabitat selection in Pseudobranchus striatus. Copeia, 1971: 247-252.
    • (1971) Copeia , vol.1971 , pp. 247-252
    • Ultsch, G.R.1
  • 156
    • 0000638166 scopus 로고
    • The effects of water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) on the microenvironment of aquatic communities
    • Ultsch, G.R., 1973. The effects of water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes) on the microenvironment of aquatic communities. Archiv Hydrobiol., 72: 460-473.
    • (1973) Archiv Hydrobiol. , vol.72 , pp. 460-473
    • Ultsch, G.R.1
  • 157
    • 0011728456 scopus 로고
    • Eco-physiological studies of some metabolic and respiratory adaptations of sirenid salamanders
    • G.M. Hughes (Editor). Academic Press, New York
    • Ultsch, G.R., 1976. Eco-physiological studies of some metabolic and respiratory adaptations of sirenid salamanders. In: G.M. Hughes (Editor), Respiration of Amphibious Vertebrates. Academic Press, New York, pp. 287-312.
    • (1976) Respiration of Amphibious Vertebrates , pp. 287-312
    • Ultsch, G.R.1
  • 158
    • 0011790313 scopus 로고
    • The potential role of hypercarbia in the transition from water-breathing to air-breathing in vertebrates
    • Ultsch, G.R., 1987. The potential role of hypercarbia in the transition from water-breathing to air-breathing in vertebrates. Evolution, 41: 442-445.
    • (1987) Evolution , vol.41 , pp. 442-445
    • Ultsch, G.R.1
  • 160
    • 0023921213 scopus 로고
    • Adrenergic involvement in blood oxygen transport and acid-base balance during hypercapnic acidosis in the rain bow trout, Salmo gairdneri
    • Vermette, M.G. and Perry, S.F., 1988. Adrenergic involvement in blood oxygen transport and acid-base balance during hypercapnic acidosis in the rain bow trout, Salmo gairdneri. J. Comp. Physiol., B 158: 107-115.
    • (1988) J. Comp. Physiol., B , vol.158 , pp. 107-115
    • Vermette, M.G.1    Perry, S.F.2
  • 161
    • 0011756725 scopus 로고
    • 2 on metabolism and gas exchange partitioning in aquatic salamanders
    • 2 on metabolism and gas exchange partitioning in aquatic salamanders. Physiol. Zool., 48: 348-359.
    • (1975) Physiol. Zool. , vol.48 , pp. 348-359
    • Wakeman, J.M.1    Ultsch, G.R.2
  • 162
    • 0001674853 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous and pulmonary gas exchange in the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum
    • Whitford, W.G. and Hutchison, V.H., 1963. Cutaneous and pulmonary gas exchange in the spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum. Biol. Bull., 124: 344-354.
    • (1963) Biol. Bull. , vol.124 , pp. 344-354
    • Whitford, W.G.1    Hutchison, V.H.2
  • 164
    • 0001521462 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous and pulmonary gas exchange in ambystomatid salamanders
    • Whitford, W.G. and Hutchison, V.H., 1966. Cutaneous and pulmonary gas exchange in ambystomatid salamanders. Copeia, 1966: 573-577.
    • (1966) Copeia , vol.1966 , pp. 573-577
    • Whitford, W.G.1    Hutchison, V.H.2
  • 165
    • 0000308166 scopus 로고
    • Some observations on the respiration of certain tropical fresh-water fishes
    • Willmer, E.N., 1934. Some observations on the respiration of certain tropical fresh-water fishes. J. Exp. Biol., 11: 283-306.
    • (1934) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 283-306
    • Willmer, E.N.1
  • 166
    • 0019759170 scopus 로고
    • Plankton metabolism and carbon dioxide processes in the Amazon River, its tributaries, and floodplain waters
    • Peru-Brazil, May-June 1977
    • Wissmar, R.C., Richey, J.E., Stallard, R.F. and Edmond, J.M., 1981. Plankton metabolism and carbon dioxide processes in the Amazon River, its tributaries, and floodplain waters. Peru-Brazil, May-June 1977. Ecology, 63: 1622-1633.
    • (1981) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1622-1633
    • Wissmar, R.C.1    Richey, J.E.2    Stallard, R.F.3    Edmond, J.M.4
  • 167
    • 0026079755 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular acid-base responses to environmental hyperoxia and normoxic recovery in rainbow trout
    • Wood, C.M. and LeMoigne, J., 1991. Intracellular acid-base responses to environmental hyperoxia and normoxic recovery in rainbow trout. Respir. Physiol., 86: 91-113.
    • (1991) Respir. Physiol. , vol.86 , pp. 91-113
    • Wood, C.M.1    LeMoigne, J.2
  • 168
    • 0017522125 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of changes in blood pH following exhausting activity in the starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus
    • Wood, C.M., McMahon, B.R. and McDonald, D.G., 1977. An analysis of changes in blood pH following exhausting activity in the starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus. J. Exp. Biol., 69: 173-185.
    • (1977) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.69 , pp. 173-185
    • Wood, C.M.1    McMahon, B.R.2    McDonald, D.G.3
  • 169
    • 0018436825 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory gas exchange in the resting starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus: A comparison with other teleosts
    • Wood, C.M., McMahon, B.R. and McDonald, D.G., 1979. Respiratory gas exchange in the resting starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus: a comparison with other teleosts. J. Exp. Biol., 78: 167-179.
    • (1979) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.78 , pp. 167-179
    • Wood, C.M.1    McMahon, B.R.2    McDonald, D.G.3
  • 170
    • 0000412955 scopus 로고
    • The influence of experimental anemia on blood acid-base regulation in vivo and in vitro in the starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) and the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)
    • Wood, C.M., McDonald, D.G. and McMahon, B.R., 1982. The influence of experimental anemia on blood acid-base regulation in vivo and in vitro in the starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) and the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Exp. Biol., 96: 221-237.
    • (1982) Exp. Biol. , vol.96 , pp. 221-237
    • Wood, C.M.1    McDonald, D.G.2    McMahon, B.R.3
  • 171
    • 0025336867 scopus 로고
    • Control of ventilation in the hypercapnic skate Raja ocellata: II. Cerebrospinal fluid and intracellular pH in the brain and other tissues
    • Wood, C.M., Turner, J.D., Munger, R.S. and Graham, M.S., 1990. Control of ventilation in the hypercapnic skate Raja ocellata: II. Cerebrospinal fluid and intracellular pH in the brain and other tissues. Respir. Physiol., 80: 279-298.
    • (1990) Respir. Physiol. , vol.80 , pp. 279-298
    • Wood, C.M.1    Turner, J.D.2    Munger, R.S.3    Graham, M.S.4
  • 172
    • 0018377636 scopus 로고
    • Effects of air-breathing on acid-base balance in the catfish, Hypostomus sp.
    • Wood, S.C., Weber, R.E. and Davis, B.J., 1979. Effects of air-breathing on acid-base balance in the catfish, Hypostomus sp. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 62A: 185-187.
    • (1979) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.62 A , pp. 185-187
    • Wood, S.C.1    Weber, R.E.2    Davis, B.J.3
  • 173
    • 0000324891 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ambient oxygen tension and temperature on the bimodal respiration of an air-breathing teleost, Channa maculata
    • Yu, K.L. and Woo, N.Y.S., 1985. Effects of ambient oxygen tension and temperature on the bimodal respiration of an air-breathing teleost, Channa maculata. Physiol. Zool., 58: 181-189.
    • (1985) Physiol. Zool. , vol.58 , pp. 181-189
    • Yu, K.L.1    Woo, N.Y.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.