Probucol suppresses oxidant stress in hypertensive arteries: Immunohistochemical evidence

American Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 9, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 577-590

  Sharma, Ramesh C ^a,b   Hodis, Howard N ^a   Mack, Wendy J ^b   Sevanian, Alex ^a   Kramsch, Dieter M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Antioxidant enzymes; Atherosclerosis prevention; Catalase; Glutathione peroxidase; Hypertension; Immunohistochemistry; Macrophages; Oxyradical scavenging; Probucol; Superoxide dismutase

Indexed keywords

PROBUCOL;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTERY INTIMA; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RABBIT;

EID: 0030175709     PISSN: 08957061     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0895-7061(96)00017-9     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. 1. Kannel WB, Sorlie P: Hypertension in Framingham, in Paul O (ed): Epidemiology and Control of Hypertension. Stratton Intercontinental Medical Books, New York, 1975, pp 553-587.
2. 2. Schettler G, Comberg HU: Hypertension and arteriosclerosis, in Rosenthal J (ed): Arterial Hypertension: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy. Springer-Verlag, New York-Heidelberg-Berlin, 1982, pp 78-92.
3. 3. Collins R, Peto R, McMahon S: Blood pressure, stroke and coronary heart disease. Part 2. Short-term reductions in blood pressure: overview of randomized drug trials in their epidemiological context. Lancet 1990; 335:827-838.
4. 4. Hueper WC: Atherosclerosis, the anoxemia theory. Arch Path 1945;39:51-65.
5. 5. Gainer JL: Atherosclerosis and hypoxia - reevaluation of an old hypothesis. Atherosclerosis 1987;68:263-266.
6. 6. Crawford DW, Kramsch DM: The oxygen environment of the arterial media in early rabbit hypertension. Exp Mol Pathol 1988;49:215-233.
7. 7. Belch Jill JF, Chopra M, Hutchison S, et al: Free radical pathology in chronic arterial disease. Free Rad Biol Med 1989;6:375-378.
8. 8. Henriksson P, Bergstrom K, Edhag O: Experimental atherosclerosis and a possible generation of free radicals. Thromb Res 1985;38:195-207.
9. 9. Bjornheden T, Bondjers G: Oxygen consumption in aortic tissue from rabbits with diet-induced atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis 1987;7:238-247.
10. 10. Schwartz SM, Ross R: Cellular proliferation in atherosclerosis and hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1984; 26(S):355-372.
11. 11. Crawford DW, Blankenhorn DH: Arterial wall oxygenation, oxyradicals, and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 1991;89:97-108.
12. 12. Sharma RC, Crawford DW, Kramsch DM, et al: Immunolocalization of native antioxidant enzymes in early hypertensive and atherosclerotic arteries: role of oxygen free radicals. Arterioscler Thromb 1992;12:403-415.
13. 13. O'Brien KO, Nagano Y, Gown A, et al: Probucol treatment affects the cellular composition but not anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein immunoreactivity of plaque from Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb 1991;11:751-759.
14. 14. Kuzuya M, Kuzuya F: Probucol as an antioxidant and antiatherogenic drug. Free Rad Biol Med 1993;14:67-77.
15. 15. Carew TE, Schwenke DC, Steinberg D: Antiatherogenic effects of probucol unrelated to its hypercholesterolemic effects: evidence that antioxidants in vivo can selectively inhibit low density lipoprotein degradation in macrophage rich fatty streaks and slow the progression of atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84:7723-7729.
16. 16. Kita T, Nagano Y, Yokode M, et al: Prevention of atherosclerotic progression in Watanabe rabbits by probucol. Am J Cardiol 1988;62:13B-19B.
17. 17. Mao SJ, Yates MT, Parker RA, et al: Attenuation of atherosclerosis in a modified strain of hypercholesterolemic Watanabe rabbits with use of a probucol analogue (MDL29,311) that does not lower the serum cholesterol. Arterioscl Thromb 1991;11:1266-1275.
18. 18. Parthasarathy S, Young SG, Witztum JL, et al: Probucol inhibits oxidative modification of low density protein. J Clin Invest 1986;77:641-644.
19. 19. Kalyanaraman B, Darley-Usmar VM, Wood J, et al: Synergistic interaction between the probucol phenoxyl radical and ascorbic acid in inhibiting the oxidation of low density lipoprotein. J Biol Chem 1992;267:6789-6792.
20. 20. Hodis HN, Chauhan A, Hashimoto S, et al: Probucol reduces plasma and aortic wall oxysterol levels in cholesterol-fed rabbits independently of its plasma cholesterol lowering effect. Atherosclerosis 1992;96:125-134.
21. 21. Allain CC, Poon LS, Chan CSG, et al: Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clin Chem 1974; 20:470-475.
22. 22. Grant BT, Rothschild P: A device for estimating blood pressure in the rabbit. J Physiol 1934;81:265-269.
23. 23. Walmsley JG, Granter SR: Changes in rabbit ear vascular resistance with aortic coarctation hypertension (abst). Fed Proc 1985;44:1645.
24. 24. Rao NA, Thoete LG, Delmage M, Sevanian A: Superoxide dismutase in ocular structures. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Cri 1985;26:1778-1781.
25. 25. Atalla LR, Fernandez MA, Rao NA: Immunohistochemical localization of catalase in ocular tissue. Curr Eye Res 1987;6:1181-1187.
26. 26. Atalla LR, Sevanian A, Rao NA: Immunohistochemical localization of glutathione peroxidase in ocular tissue. Curr Eye Res 1988;7:1023-1027.
27. 27. Abei DM. Catalase in vitro, in Calorich SP, Kaplan NM (eds): in Methods in Enzymology. Academic Press, New York, 1984, pp 121-126.
28. 28. Tsukada T, Rosenfeld ME, Ross R, Gown AM: Immunocytochemical analysis of cellular components in lesions of atherosclerosis in Watanabe and fat fed rabbits using monoclonal antibodies. Arteriosclerosis 1986; 6:601-613.
29. 29. Smith LL: Cholesterol auto-oxidation, 1981-1986. Chem Phys Lipid 1987;44:87-125.
30. 30. Rosen GM, Freeman BA: Detection of Superoxide generated by endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984;81:7269-7273.
31. 31. Freeman BA, Rosen GM, Barber MJ: Superoxide perturbations of the organization of vascular endothelial cell membranes. J Biol Chem 1986;261:6590-6593.
32. 32. Santilli MS, Fiegel VD, Knighton DR: Changes in the aortic wall oxygen tensions of hypertensive rabbits, hypertension and aortic wall oxygen. Hypertension 1992; 19:33-39.
33. 33. Marcus ML, Heistad DD, Armstrong ML, Abboud FM: Effects of chronic hypertension on vasa vasorum in the thoracic aorta. Cardiovas Res 1985;19:777-781.
34. 34. Freeman BA, Crapo JD: Free radicals and tissue injury. Lab Invest 1982;47:412-426.
35. 35. Fridovich I: The biology of oxygen radicals. Science 1978;201:875-880.
36. 36. Kramsch DM, Sharma RC, Crawford DW, et al: Macrophage invasion in hypertensive arterial wall links hypertension directly to atherosclerosis (abst). Clin Res 1990;89:89A.
37. 37. Berberian PA, Myers W, Tytell M, Challa V, Bond MG: Immunohistochemical localization of heat shock protein-70 in normal appearing and atherosclerotic specimens of human arteries. Am J Pathol 1990;136:71-80.
38. 38. Frank L, Messaro D: Oxygen toxicity. Am J Med 1980; 69:117-126.
39. 39. Shull S, Heintz NH, Periasamy M, et al: Differential regulation of antioxidant enzymes in response to antioxidants. J Biol Chem 1991;266:24398-24403.
40. 40. Wissler RW, Vesselinovitch D: Combined effects of cholestyramine and probucol on regression of atherosclerosis in rhesus monkey aortas. Appl Pathol 1983; 1:89-96.
41. 41. Heinecke JE, Baker L, Rosen H, Chait A: Superoxide-mediated modification of low density lipoprotein by arterial smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 1986;77:757-761.
42. 42. Yamamoto A, Matsuzawa Y, Kishino B, et al: Effects of probucol on homozygous cases of familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1983;48:157-166.
43. 43. Bridges AB, Scott NA, Belch JJ: Probucol, a Superoxide free scavenger in vitro. Atherosclerosis 1991;89:263-265.
44. 44. Mao SJT, Yates MT, Rechtin AE, et al: Antioxidant activity of probucol and its analogues in hypercholesterolemic Watanabe rabbits. J Med Chem 1991;34:298-302.
45. 45. Fellin R, Gasparotto A, Valerio G, et al: Effect of probucol treatment on lipoprotein cholesterol and drug levels in blood and lipoproteins in familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1986;59:47-56.
46. 46. Kita T, Nagano Y, Yokode M, et al: Prevention of atherosclerotic progression in Watanabe rabbits by probucol. Am J Cardiol 1988;62:13B-19B.
47. 47. Keidar S, Kapalan M, Hoffman A, Aviram M: Angiotensin II stimulates macrophage-mediated oxidation of low density protein. Atherosclerosis 1995;115:201-215.
48. 48. Pryor WA, Strickland T, Church DF: Comparison of the efficiencies of several natural and synthetic antioxidants in aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate micelle solutions. J Am Chem Soc 1988;110:2224-2229.
49. 49. Offerman MK, Medford RM: Antioxidants and atherosclerosis: a molecular perspective. Heart Dis Stroke 1994;3(1):52-57.