Field evaluation of a granular activated carbon fluid-bed bioreactor for treatment of chlorobenzene in groundwater

Environmental Progress

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 93-107

  Klecka G M ^a   McDaniel, S G ^a   Wilson, P S ^a   Carpenter, C L ^a   Clark, J E ^a   Thomas, A ^b   Spain, J C ^b  

^a DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY   (United States)

^b AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATED CARBON; ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS; AROMATIC COMPOUNDS; BIODEGRADATION; FLUIDIZED BEDS; GRANULAR MATERIALS; GROUNDWATER; MICROORGANISMS; WATER TREATMENT;

CHLOROBENZENE; FLUIDIZED BED BIOREACTORS; GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBON; GROUNDWATER TREATMENT; ORGANIC LOADING RATES; TOTAL OXYGEN DEMAND;

BIOREACTORS;

EID: 0030168413     PISSN: 02784491     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/ep.670150212     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Rittman, B. E., and P. L. McCarty, "Evaluation of Steady-State Biofilm Kinetics," Biotech. Bioeng., 22, pp. 2359-2374 (1980).
2. Bouwer, E. J., and P. L. McCarty, "Removal of Trace Chlorinated Organic Compounds by Activated Carbon and Fixed-Film Bacteria," Environ. Sci. Technol., 16, pp. 836-843 (1982).
3. Van der Hoek, L. G., C. M. Urlings, and C. M. Grobben, "Biological Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene, and Phenolic Compounds from Heavily Contaminated Groundwater and Soil," Environ. Tech. Lett., 10, pp. 184-194 (1989).
4. Miller, G. P., R. J. Portier, D. G. Hoover, D. O. Friday, and J. L. Sicard, "Biodegradation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in an Immobilized Bed Reactor," Environ. Prog., 9, pp. 161-164 (1990).
5. Hickey, R. F., D. Wagner, and G. Mazewski, "Combined Biological Fluid Bed-Carbon Adsorption System for BTEX Contaminated Groundwater Remediation," presented at the Fourth National Outdoor Action Conference on Aquifer Restoration, Groundwater Monitoring and Geophysical Methods, Las Vegas, NV (May 1990).
6. Mueller, G. R., P. T. Sun, and G. W. Edmunds, "Treatment of Groundwaters Containing Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a GAC Fluidized Bed Biological Reactor," presented at the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Summer National Meeting, San Diego, CA (August 1990).
7. Gerbasi, P. J., K.J. Smith, and J. Fillos, "Biological Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbons," presented at the National Water Well Association/American Petroleum Institute Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater Conference, Houston, TX (November 1991).
8. Mazewski, G., J. Tiffany, and S. Hansen, "Experiences with GAC-Fluid Bed for Bioremediation of BTEX Contaminated Groundwaters," presented at the Michigan Biotechnology Institute Symposium, Grand Rapids, MI (September 1992).
9. Hickey, R. F., A. Sunday, D. Wagner, B. Heine, V. Groshko, T. D. Hayes, and G. Mazewski, "Applications of the GAC-FBR to Gas Industry Wastestreams," presented at the Sixth International IGT Symposium on Gas, Oil and Environmental Biotechnology, Colorado Springs, CO (November 1993).
10. Envirex, Ltd., "GAC Fluid Bed-Efficient, Economical Bioremediation of BTEX Groundwater," Technical Bulletin ENV LTD 200-R1, Envirex Ltd., Waukesha, WI (1994).
11. Reineke, W., and H. J. Knackmuss, "Microbial Metabolism of Haloaromatics: Isolation and Properties of a Chlorobenzene-Degrading Bacterium," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 47, pp. 395-402 (1984).
12. De Bont, J. A. M., M. J. A. W. Vorage, S. Hartmans, and W. J. J. van den Tweel, "Microbial Degradation of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 52, pp. 677-680 (1986).
13. Schraa, G., M. L. Boone, M. S. M. Jetten, A. R. W. Van Neerven, P. J. Colberg, and A. J. B. Zehnder, "Degradation of 1,4-Dichlorobenzene by Alcaligenes sp. Strain A-175," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 52, pp. 1374-1381 (1986).
14. Van der Meer, J. R., W. Roelofsen, G. Schraa, and A. J. B. Zehnder, "Degradation of Low Concentrations of 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene by Pseudomonas sp. Strain P51 in Nonsterile Soil Columns," FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 45, pp. 333-341 (1987).
15. Spain, J. C., and S. F. Nishino, "Degradation of 1,4-Dichlorobenzene by a Pseudomonas sp.," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 53, pp. 1010-1019 (1987).
16. Haigler, B. E., S. F. Nishino, and J. C. Spain, "Degradation of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene by a Pseudomonas sp.," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 54, pp. 294-301 (1988).
17. Nishino, S. F., J. C. Spain, L. A. Belcher, and C. D. Litchfield, "Chlorobenzene Degradation by Bacteria Isolated from Contaminated Groundwater," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 58, pp. 1719-1726 (1992).
18. Haigler, B. F., C. A. Pettigrew, and J. C. Spain, "Biodegradation of Mixtures of Substituted Benzenes by Pseudomonas sp. strain JS150," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 58, pp. 2237-2244 (1992).
19. Pettigrew, C. A., J. C. Spain, and C. M. Vogel, "Biological Treatment of Groundwater Contaminated with Mixtures of Aromatic Compounds," Final Report ESL TR-91-42, Air Force Civil Engineering Support Agency, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL (1993).
20. Nishino, S. F., J. C. Spain, and C. A. Pettigrew, "Biodegradation of Chlorobenzene by Indigenous Bacteria," Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 13, pp. 871-877 (1994).
21. Stainer, R. Y., N. J. Palleroni, and M. Doudoroff, "The Aerobic Pseudomonads: a Taxonomic Study," J. Gen. Microbiol., 43, pp. 159-271 (1966).
22. Claus, D., and N. Walker, "The Decomposition of Toluene by Soil Bacteria," J. Gen. Microbiol., 36, pp. 107-122 (1964).
23. Envirex, Ltd., "GAC Fluid Bed Operating Manual," Envirex, Ltd., Waukesha, WI (1993).
24. Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal, Reuse, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1979).
25. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes," EPA-600/4-79-020, method 365.2, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (1979).
26. American Public Health Association, "Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater," 16th ed., American Public Health Association, Washington, DC (1985).
27. Reid, R. C., J. M. Prausnitz, and B. E. Poling, The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1987).
28. Treybal, R. E., Mass-Transfer Operations, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1980).
29. McSherry, M. P., G. M. Davis, and R. J. Falco, "Measurement of VOC Emissions from Wastewater Treatability Units," presented at the 85th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Air and Waste Management Association, Kansas City, MO (June 1992).
30. Eckel, J. A., R. J. Falco, and G. Mazewski, "Groundwater Treatment," Indust. Wastewater, 2, pp. 24-29 (1994).
31. Brunner, W., D. Staub, and T. Leisinger, "Bacterial Degradation of Dichloromethane," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 40, pp. 950-958 (1980).
32. Stucki, G., U. Krebser, and T. Leisinger, "Bacterial Growth on 1,2-Dichloroethane," Experentia, 39, PP. 1271-1273 (1983).
33. Hartman, S., J. A. M. de Bont, J. Tramper, and K. C. A. M. Luyben, "Bacterial Degradation of Vinyl Chloride," Biotechnol. Lett., 7, pp. 383-388 (1985).
34. Van den Winjgaard, A. J., J. Prins, A. J. A. C. Smal, and D. B. Janssen, "Degradation of 2-Chloroethylvinyletherby Acylobacter aquaticus AD25 and AD27," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 59, pp. 2777-2783 (1993).
35. Galli, R., "Biodegradation of Dichloromethane in Wastewater Using a Fluidized Bed Bioreactor," Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 27, pp. 206-213 (1987).
36. Stucki, G., M. Thuer, and R. Bentz, "Biological Degradation of 1,2-Dichloroethane Under Groundwater Conditions," Wat. Res., 26, pp. 273-278 (1992).
37. Gruber, W., "Celgene's Biotreatment Technology," EI Digest, pp. 17-20 (November 1993).
38. Ensley, B. D., "Biochemical Diversity of Trichloroethylene Metabolism," Ann. Rev. Microbiol., 45, pp. 283-299 (1991).
39. Phelps, T. J., J. J. Niedzielski, R. M. Schram, S. E. Herbes, and D. C. White, "Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene in Continuous-Recycle Expanded-Bed Bioreactors," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 56, pp. 1702-1709 (1990).
40. McFarland, M. J., C. M. Vogel, and J. C. Spain, "Methanotrophic Cometabolism of Trichloroethylene (TCE) in a Two Stage Bioreactor System," Wat. Res., 26, pp. 259-265 (1992).
41. Folsom, B. R., and P. J. Chapman, "Performance Characteristics of a Model Bioreactor for Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene by Pseudomonas cepacia G4," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, pp. 1602-1608 (1991).
42. Folsom, B., "Liquid-Phase Bioreactor for Degradation of Trichloroethylene and Benzene," Final Report ESL-TR-92-02, Air Force Civil Engineering Support Agency, Tyndall Air Force Base, FL (1993).
43. Vogel, T. M., C. S. Criddle, and P. L. McCarty, "Transformations of Halogenated Aliphatic Compounds," Environ. Sci. Technol., 21, pp. 722-736 (1987).
44. Fathepure, B. Z., and T. M. Vogel, "Complete Degradation of Polychlorinated Hydrocarbons by a Two-Stage Biofilm Reactor," Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, pp. 3418-3422 (1991).