Neutralino dark matter in supersymmetric models with non-universal scalar mass terms

Astroparticle Physics

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 1-26

  Berezinsky, V ^a   Bottino, A ^b,c   Ellis, J ^d   Fornengo, N ^c,e   Mignola, G ^b,c   Scopel, S ^f,g  

^a LABORATORI NAZIONALI DEL GRAN SASSO   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^c SEZIONE DI TORINO   (Italy)

^d CERN   (Switzerland)

^e JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

^g INFN SEZIONE DI GENOVA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030167010     PISSN: 09276505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0927-6505(95)00048-8     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. [1] H. P. Nilles, Phys. Rep. 110 (1984) 1; H. E. Haber and G. L. Kane, Phys. Rep. 117 (1985) 75; R. Barbieri Riv. Nuovo Cim. 11 (1988) 1.
2. [1] H. P. Nilles, Phys. Rep. 110 (1984) 1; H. E. Haber and G. L. Kane, Phys. Rep. 117 (1985) 75; R. Barbieri Riv. Nuovo Cim. 11 (1988) 1.
3. [1] H. P. Nilles, Phys. Rep. 110 (1984) 1; H. E. Haber and G. L. Kane, Phys. Rep. 117 (1985) 75; R. Barbieri Riv. Nuovo Cim. 11 (1988) 1.
4. [2] A comprehensive list of the theoretical references on this topic would be too long to be reported here. Only some of the most recent papers are given in [3,4], where also references to previous works may be found. The same applies to references in [5-7]. For reviews on detection methods for dark matter candidates, see J. R. Primack, D. Seckel and B. Sadoulet, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 38 (1988) 751, and P. F. Smith and J. D. Lewin, Phys. Rep. 187 (1990) 203. An up-dated review of the phenomenology of neutralino dark matter is presented in G. Jungman, M. Kamionkowski and K. Griest, Phys. Rep. 267 (1996) 195.
5. [2] A comprehensive list of the theoretical references on this topic would be too long to be reported here. Only some of the most recent papers are given in [3,4], where also references to previous works may be found. The same applies to references in [5-7]. For reviews on detection methods for dark matter candidates, see J. R. Primack, D. Seckel and B. Sadoulet, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 38 (1988) 751, and P. F. Smith and J. D. Lewin, Phys. Rep. 187 (1990) 203. An up-dated review of the phenomenology of neutralino dark matter is presented in G. Jungman, M. Kamionkowski and K. Griest, Phys. Rep. 267 (1996) 195.
6. [2] A comprehensive list of the theoretical references on this topic would be too long to be reported here. Only some of the most recent papers are given in [3,4], where also references to previous works may be found. The same applies to references in [5-7]. For reviews on detection methods for dark matter candidates, see J. R. Primack, D. Seckel and B. Sadoulet, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 38 (1988) 751, and P. F. Smith and J. D. Lewin, Phys. Rep. 187 (1990) 203. An up-dated review of the phenomenology of neutralino dark matter is presented in G. Jungman, M. Kamionkowski and K. Griest, Phys. Rep. 267 (1996) 195.
7. [3] J. Ellis and R. Flores, Phys. Lett. B263 (1991) 259; Nucl. Phys. B400 (1993) 25; Phys. Lett. B300 (1993) 175.
8. [3] J. Ellis and R. Flores, Phys. Lett. B263 (1991) 259; Nucl. Phys. B400 (1993) 25; Phys. Lett. B300 (1993) 175.
9. [3] J. Ellis and R. Flores, Phys. Lett. B263 (1991) 259; Nucl. Phys. B400 (1993) 25; Phys. Lett. B300 (1993) 175.
10. [4] A. Bottino, V.de Alfaro, N. Fornengo, G. Mignola, S. Scopel, and C. Bacci et al. (BRS Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B295 (1992) 330; A. Bottino, V. de Alfaro, N. Fornengo, G. Mignola and S. Scopel, Astroparticle Physics 2 (1994) 77.
11. [4] A. Bottino, V.de Alfaro, N. Fornengo, G. Mignola, S. Scopel, and C. Bacci et al. (BRS Collaboration), Phys. Lett. B295 (1992) 330; A. Bottino, V. de Alfaro, N. Fornengo, G. Mignola and S. Scopel, Astroparticle Physics 2 (1994) 77.
12. [5] G. Gelmini, P. Gondolo and E. Roulet, Nucl. Phys. B351 (1991) 623; M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D44 (1991) 3021; F. Halzen, T. Stelzer and M. Kamionkowski Phys. Rev. D45 (1992) 4439; M. Mori et al., Phys. Rev D48 (1993) 5505; V. Berezinsky, TAUP93 Proceedings, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl) 35 (1994) 484.
13. [5] G. Gelmini, P. Gondolo and E. Roulet, Nucl. Phys. B351 (1991) 623; M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D44 (1991) 3021; F. Halzen, T. Stelzer and M. Kamionkowski Phys. Rev. D45 (1992) 4439; M. Mori et al., Phys. Rev D48 (1993) 5505; V. Berezinsky, TAUP93 Proceedings, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl) 35 (1994) 484.
14. [5] G. Gelmini, P. Gondolo and E. Roulet, Nucl. Phys. B351 (1991) 623; M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D44 (1991) 3021; F. Halzen, T. Stelzer and M. Kamionkowski Phys. Rev. D45 (1992) 4439; M. Mori et al., Phys. Rev D48 (1993) 5505; V. Berezinsky, TAUP93 Proceedings, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl) 35 (1994) 484.
15. [5] G. Gelmini, P. Gondolo and E. Roulet, Nucl. Phys. B351 (1991) 623; M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D44 (1991) 3021; F. Halzen, T. Stelzer and M. Kamionkowski Phys. Rev. D45 (1992) 4439; M. Mori et al., Phys. Rev D48 (1993) 5505; V. Berezinsky, TAUP93 Proceedings, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl) 35 (1994) 484.
16. [5] G. Gelmini, P. Gondolo and E. Roulet, Nucl. Phys. B351 (1991) 623; M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D44 (1991) 3021; F. Halzen, T. Stelzer and M. Kamionkowski Phys. Rev. D45 (1992) 4439; M. Mori et al., Phys. Rev D48 (1993) 5505; V. Berezinsky, TAUP93 Proceedings, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl) 35 (1994) 484.
17. [6] A. Bottino, N. Fornengo, G. Mignola and L. Moscoso, Astroparticle Physics 3 (1995) 65.
18. [7] J. Ellis, R. A. Flores, K. Freese, S. Ritz, D. Seckel and J. Silk, Phys. Lett. B214 (1988) 403; M. Kamionkowski and M. Turner, Phys. Rev. D43 (1991) 1774; V. Berezinsky, A. Bottino and G. Mignola, Phys. Lett. B325 (1994) 136; L. Bergström and J. Kaplan, Astroparticle Physics 2 (1994) 261; G. Jungman and M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 2316; Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 3121; A. Bottino, C. Favero, N. Fornengo, and G. Mignola, Astroparticle Physics 3 (1995) 77.
19. [7] J. Ellis, R. A. Flores, K. Freese, S. Ritz, D. Seckel and J. Silk, Phys. Lett. B214 (1988) 403; M. Kamionkowski and M. Turner, Phys. Rev. D43 (1991) 1774; V. Berezinsky, A. Bottino and G. Mignola, Phys. Lett. B325 (1994) 136; L. Bergström and J. Kaplan, Astroparticle Physics 2 (1994) 261; G. Jungman and M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 2316; Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 3121; A. Bottino, C. Favero, N. Fornengo, and G. Mignola, Astroparticle Physics 3 (1995) 77.
20. [7] J. Ellis, R. A. Flores, K. Freese, S. Ritz, D. Seckel and J. Silk, Phys. Lett. B214 (1988) 403; M. Kamionkowski and M. Turner, Phys. Rev. D43 (1991) 1774; V. Berezinsky, A. Bottino and G. Mignola, Phys. Lett. B325 (1994) 136; L. Bergström and J. Kaplan, Astroparticle Physics 2 (1994) 261; G. Jungman and M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 2316; Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 3121; A. Bottino, C. Favero, N. Fornengo, and G. Mignola, Astroparticle Physics 3 (1995) 77.
21. [7] J. Ellis, R. A. Flores, K. Freese, S. Ritz, D. Seckel and J. Silk, Phys. Lett. B214 (1988) 403; M. Kamionkowski and M. Turner, Phys. Rev. D43 (1991) 1774; V. Berezinsky, A. Bottino and G. Mignola, Phys. Lett. B325 (1994) 136; L. Bergström and J. Kaplan, Astroparticle Physics 2 (1994) 261; G. Jungman and M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 2316; Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 3121; A. Bottino, C. Favero, N. Fornengo, and G. Mignola, Astroparticle Physics 3 (1995) 77.
22. [7] J. Ellis, R. A. Flores, K. Freese, S. Ritz, D. Seckel and J. Silk, Phys. Lett. B214 (1988) 403; M. Kamionkowski and M. Turner, Phys. Rev. D43 (1991) 1774; V. Berezinsky, A. Bottino and G. Mignola, Phys. Lett. B325 (1994) 136; L. Bergström and J. Kaplan, Astroparticle Physics 2 (1994) 261; G. Jungman and M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 2316; Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 3121; A. Bottino, C. Favero, N. Fornengo, and G. Mignola, Astroparticle Physics 3 (1995) 77.
23. [7] J. Ellis, R. A. Flores, K. Freese, S. Ritz, D. Seckel and J. Silk, Phys. Lett. B214 (1988) 403; M. Kamionkowski and M. Turner, Phys. Rev. D43 (1991) 1774; V. Berezinsky, A. Bottino and G. Mignola, Phys. Lett. B325 (1994) 136; L. Bergström and J. Kaplan, Astroparticle Physics 2 (1994) 261; G. Jungman and M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 2316; Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 3121; A. Bottino, C. Favero, N. Fornengo, and G. Mignola, Astroparticle Physics 3 (1995) 77.
24. [7] J. Ellis, R. A. Flores, K. Freese, S. Ritz, D. Seckel and J. Silk, Phys. Lett. B214 (1988) 403; M. Kamionkowski and M. Turner, Phys. Rev. D43 (1991) 1774; V. Berezinsky, A. Bottino and G. Mignola, Phys. Lett. B325 (1994) 136; L. Bergström and J. Kaplan, Astroparticle Physics 2 (1994) 261; G. Jungman and M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 2316; Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 3121; A. Bottino, C. Favero, N. Fornengo, and G. Mignola, Astroparticle Physics 3 (1995) 77.
25. [8] See, for instance, H. Baer et al., Florida State University preprint FSU-HEP-950401, hep-ph/9503479 (1995).
26. [9] L. E. Ibañez and C. Lopez, Nucl. Phys. B233 (1984) 511; J. Ellis and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 317; J. Ellis and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B283 (1992) 252; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B369 (1992) 54; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; R.G. Roberts and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 329; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Texas A*M University preprint CTP-TAMU-52-93, hep-ph/9309277 (1993); J. L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos and A. Zichichi, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 17 (1994) 1; W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D.I. Kazakov, Karlsruhe University preprint IEKP-KA/94-04 (1994); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, CERN preprint CERN-TH-7363-94 (1994); G. L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6173; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Stanford University preprint SU-1TP-94-16, (1995); X. Wang, J. Lopez and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 105.
27. [9] L. E. Ibañez and C. Lopez, Nucl. Phys. B233 (1984) 511; J. Ellis and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 317; J. Ellis and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B283 (1992) 252; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B369 (1992) 54; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; R.G. Roberts and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 329; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Texas A*M University preprint CTP-TAMU-52-93, hep-ph/9309277 (1993); J. L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos and A. Zichichi, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 17 (1994) 1; W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D.I. Kazakov, Karlsruhe University preprint IEKP-KA/94-04 (1994); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, CERN preprint CERN-TH-7363-94 (1994); G. L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6173; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Stanford University preprint SU-1TP-94-16, (1995); X. Wang, J. Lopez and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 105.
28. [9] L. E. Ibañez and C. Lopez, Nucl. Phys. B233 (1984) 511; J. Ellis and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 317; J. Ellis and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B283 (1992) 252; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B369 (1992) 54; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; R.G. Roberts and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 329; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Texas A*M University preprint CTP-TAMU-52-93, hep-ph/9309277 (1993); J. L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos and A. Zichichi, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 17 (1994) 1; W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D.I. Kazakov, Karlsruhe University preprint IEKP-KA/94-04 (1994); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, CERN preprint CERN-TH-7363-94 (1994); G. L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6173; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Stanford University preprint SU-1TP-94-16, (1995); X. Wang, J. Lopez and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 105.
29. [9] L. E. Ibañez and C. Lopez, Nucl. Phys. B233 (1984) 511; J. Ellis and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 317; J. Ellis and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B283 (1992) 252; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B369 (1992) 54; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; R.G. Roberts and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 329; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Texas A*M University preprint CTP-TAMU-52-93, hep-ph/9309277 (1993); J. L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos and A. Zichichi, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 17 (1994) 1; W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D.I. Kazakov, Karlsruhe University preprint IEKP-KA/94-04 (1994); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, CERN preprint CERN-TH-7363-94 (1994); G. L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6173; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Stanford University preprint SU-1TP-94-16, (1995); X. Wang, J. Lopez and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 105.
30. [9] L. E. Ibañez and C. Lopez, Nucl. Phys. B233 (1984) 511; J. Ellis and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 317; J. Ellis and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B283 (1992) 252; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B369 (1992) 54; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; R.G. Roberts and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 329; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Texas A*M University preprint CTP-TAMU-52-93, hep-ph/9309277 (1993); J. L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos and A. Zichichi, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 17 (1994) 1; W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D.I. Kazakov, Karlsruhe University preprint IEKP-KA/94-04 (1994); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, CERN preprint CERN-TH-7363-94 (1994); G. L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6173; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Stanford University preprint SU-1TP-94-16, (1995); X. Wang, J. Lopez and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 105.
31. [9] L. E. Ibañez and C. Lopez, Nucl. Phys. B233 (1984) 511; J. Ellis and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 317; J. Ellis and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B283 (1992) 252; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B369 (1992) 54; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; R.G. Roberts and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 329; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Texas A*M University preprint CTP-TAMU-52-93, hep-ph/9309277 (1993); J. L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos and A. Zichichi, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 17 (1994) 1; W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D.I. Kazakov, Karlsruhe University preprint IEKP-KA/94-04 (1994); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, CERN preprint CERN-TH-7363-94 (1994); G. L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6173; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Stanford University preprint SU-1TP-94-16, (1995); X. Wang, J. Lopez and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 105.
32. [9] L. E. Ibañez and C. Lopez, Nucl. Phys. B233 (1984) 511; J. Ellis and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 317; J. Ellis and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B283 (1992) 252; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B369 (1992) 54; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; R.G. Roberts and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 329; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Texas A*M University preprint CTP-TAMU-52-93, hep-ph/9309277 (1993); J. L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos and A. Zichichi, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 17 (1994) 1; W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D.I. Kazakov, Karlsruhe University preprint IEKP-KA/94-04 (1994); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, CERN preprint CERN-TH-7363-94 (1994); G. L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6173; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Stanford University preprint SU-1TP-94-16, (1995); X. Wang, J. Lopez and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 105.
33. [9] L. E. Ibañez and C. Lopez, Nucl. Phys. B233 (1984) 511; J. Ellis and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 317; J. Ellis and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B283 (1992) 252; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B369 (1992) 54; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; R.G. Roberts and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 329; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Texas A*M University preprint CTP-TAMU-52-93, hep-ph/9309277 (1993); J. L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos and A. Zichichi, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 17 (1994) 1; W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D.I. Kazakov, Karlsruhe University preprint IEKP-KA/94-04 (1994); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, CERN preprint CERN-TH-7363-94 (1994); G. L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6173; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Stanford University preprint SU-1TP-94-16, (1995); X. Wang, J. Lopez and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 105.
34. [9] L. E. Ibañez and C. Lopez, Nucl. Phys. B233 (1984) 511; J. Ellis and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 317; J. Ellis and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B283 (1992) 252; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B369 (1992) 54; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; R.G. Roberts and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 329; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Texas A*M University preprint CTP-TAMU-52-93, hep-ph/9309277 (1993); J. L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos and A. Zichichi, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 17 (1994) 1; W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D.I. Kazakov, Karlsruhe University preprint IEKP-KA/94-04 (1994); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, CERN preprint CERN-TH-7363-94 (1994); G. L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6173; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Stanford University preprint SU-1TP-94-16, (1995); X. Wang, J. Lopez and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 105.
35. [9] L. E. Ibañez and C. Lopez, Nucl. Phys. B233 (1984) 511; J. Ellis and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 317; J. Ellis and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B283 (1992) 252; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B369 (1992) 54; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; R.G. Roberts and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 329; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Texas A*M University preprint CTP-TAMU-52-93, hep-ph/9309277 (1993); J. L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos and A. Zichichi, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 17 (1994) 1; W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D.I. Kazakov, Karlsruhe University preprint IEKP-KA/94-04 (1994); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, CERN preprint CERN-TH-7363-94 (1994); G. L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6173; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Stanford University preprint SU-1TP-94-16, (1995); X. Wang, J. Lopez and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 105.
36. [9] L. E. Ibañez and C. Lopez, Nucl. Phys. B233 (1984) 511; J. Ellis and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 317; J. Ellis and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B283 (1992) 252; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B369 (1992) 54; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; R.G. Roberts and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 329; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Texas A*M University preprint CTP-TAMU-52-93, hep-ph/9309277 (1993); J. L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos and A. Zichichi, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 17 (1994) 1; W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D.I. Kazakov, Karlsruhe University preprint IEKP-KA/94-04 (1994); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, CERN preprint CERN-TH-7363-94 (1994); G. L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6173; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Stanford University preprint SU-1TP-94-16, (1995); X. Wang, J. Lopez and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 105.
37. [9] L. E. Ibañez and C. Lopez, Nucl. Phys. B233 (1984) 511; J. Ellis and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 317; J. Ellis and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B283 (1992) 252; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B369 (1992) 54; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; R.G. Roberts and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 329; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Texas A*M University preprint CTP-TAMU-52-93, hep-ph/9309277 (1993); J. L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos and A. Zichichi, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 17 (1994) 1; W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D.I. Kazakov, Karlsruhe University preprint IEKP-KA/94-04 (1994); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, CERN preprint CERN-TH-7363-94 (1994); G. L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6173; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Stanford University preprint SU-1TP-94-16, (1995); X. Wang, J. Lopez and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 105.
38. [9] L. E. Ibañez and C. Lopez, Nucl. Phys. B233 (1984) 511; J. Ellis and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B338 (1990) 317; J. Ellis and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B283 (1992) 252; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Nucl. Phys. B369 (1992) 54; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; R.G. Roberts and L. Roszkowski, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 329; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Texas A*M University preprint CTP-TAMU-52-93, hep-ph/9309277 (1993); J. L. Lopez, D.V. Nanopoulos and A. Zichichi, Riv. Nuovo Cim. 17 (1994) 1; W. de Boer, R. Ehret and D.I. Kazakov, Karlsruhe University preprint IEKP-KA/94-04 (1994); P. Nath and R. Arnowitt, CERN preprint CERN-TH-7363-94 (1994); G. L. Kane, C. Kolda, L. Roszkowski and J. D. Wells, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 6173; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Stanford University preprint SU-1TP-94-16, (1995); X. Wang, J. Lopez and D. Nanopoulos, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 105.
39. [10] V. Barger, M. S. Berger and P. Ohmann, Phys. Rev. D49 (1994) 4908.
40. [11] E. Diehl, G. L. Kane, C. Kolda and J. D. Wells, Michigan University preprint UM-TH-94-38, hep-ph/9502399 (1995).
41. GUT in a number of papers. In particular, in Ref. [11] the neutralino relic abundance and various detection rates have been analysed in this scheme using plausible but restrictive assumptions that represent one of many possible physical scenarios.
42. [13] J. Ellis, J. S. Hagelin, D. V. Nanopoulos and K. Tamvakis, Phys. Lett. B125 (1983) 275.
43. [14] M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Phys. Lett. B344 (1995) 201.
44. [15] N. Polonsky and A. Pomarol, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 2292; Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 6532; D. Matalliotakis and H. P. Nilles, Nucl. Phys. B435 (1995) 115; A. Pomarol and S. Dimopoulos, CERN preprint CERN-TH/95-114 (1995); H. Murayama, Berkeley preprint LBL-36962 (1995).
45. [15] N. Polonsky and A. Pomarol, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 2292; Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 6532; D. Matalliotakis and H. P. Nilles, Nucl. Phys. B435 (1995) 115; A. Pomarol and S. Dimopoulos, CERN preprint CERN-TH/95-114 (1995); H. Murayama, Berkeley preprint LBL-36962 (1995).
46. [15] N. Polonsky and A. Pomarol, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 2292; Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 6532; D. Matalliotakis and H. P. Nilles, Nucl. Phys. B435 (1995) 115; A. Pomarol and S. Dimopoulos, CERN preprint CERN-TH/95-114 (1995); H. Murayama, Berkeley preprint LBL-36962 (1995).
47. [15] N. Polonsky and A. Pomarol, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 2292; Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 6532; D. Matalliotakis and H. P. Nilles, Nucl. Phys. B435 (1995) 115; A. Pomarol and S. Dimopoulos, CERN preprint CERN-TH/95-114 (1995); H. Murayama, Berkeley preprint LBL-36962 (1995).
48. [15] N. Polonsky and A. Pomarol, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 2292; Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 6532; D. Matalliotakis and H. P. Nilles, Nucl. Phys. B435 (1995) 115; A. Pomarol and S. Dimopoulos, CERN preprint CERN-TH/95-114 (1995); H. Murayama, Berkeley preprint LBL-36962 (1995).
49. [16] D. Treille, Rep. Prog. Phys. 57 (1994) 1137.
50. [17] S. Coleman and E. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D7 (1973) 1888; G. Gamberini, G. Ridolfi and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B331 (1990) 331; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Phys. Rev. D46 (1992) 3981.
51. [17] S. Coleman and E. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D7 (1973) 1888; G. Gamberini, G. Ridolfi and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B331 (1990) 331; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Phys. Rev. D46 (1992) 3981.
52. [17] S. Coleman and E. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. D7 (1973) 1888; G. Gamberini, G. Ridolfi and F. Zwirner, Nucl. Phys. B331 (1990) 331; R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Phys. Rev. D46 (1992) 3981.
53. i's on the supersymmetric parameters may be evaluated explicitly, for example, in the framework of SO(10): M. Olechowski (private communication, based on work with H. Murayama and S. Pokorski).
54. [19] P. Langacker and N. Polonsky, Phys. Rev. D47 (1993) 4028.
55. [20] Abe et al.(CDF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. D50 (1994) 2966.
56. [21] M.S. Chanowitz, J. Ellis and M. K. Gaillard, Nucl. Phys. B128 (1977) 506; A. J. Buras, J. Ellis, M. K. Gaillard and D. V. Nanopoulos, Nucl. Phys. B135 (1978) 66.
57. [21] M.S. Chanowitz, J. Ellis and M. K. Gaillard, Nucl. Phys. B128 (1977) 506; A. J. Buras, J. Ellis, M. K. Gaillard and D. V. Nanopoulos, Nucl. Phys. B135 (1978) 66.
58. [22] J. Ellis, K. Enqvist, D. V. Nanopoulos and F. Zwirner, Mod. Phys. Lett. A1 (1986) 57; R. Barbieri and G. Giudice, Nucl. Phys. B306 (1988) 63; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; B. de Carlos and J. A. Casas, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 320; G. W. Anderson and D. J. Castaño, Phys. Rev. D52 (1995) 1693; S. Dimopoulos and G. Giudice, CERN preprint CERN-TH/95-188 (1995).
59. [22] J. Ellis, K. Enqvist, D. V. Nanopoulos and F. Zwirner, Mod. Phys. Lett. A1 (1986) 57; R. Barbieri and G. Giudice, Nucl. Phys. B306 (1988) 63; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; B. de Carlos and J. A. Casas, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 320; G. W. Anderson and D. J. Castaño, Phys. Rev. D52 (1995) 1693; S. Dimopoulos and G. Giudice, CERN preprint CERN-TH/95-188 (1995).
60. [22] J. Ellis, K. Enqvist, D. V. Nanopoulos and F. Zwirner, Mod. Phys. Lett. A1 (1986) 57; R. Barbieri and G. Giudice, Nucl. Phys. B306 (1988) 63; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; B. de Carlos and J. A. Casas, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 320; G. W. Anderson and D. J. Castaño, Phys. Rev. D52 (1995) 1693; S. Dimopoulos and G. Giudice, CERN preprint CERN-TH/95-188 (1995).
61. [22] J. Ellis, K. Enqvist, D. V. Nanopoulos and F. Zwirner, Mod. Phys. Lett. A1 (1986) 57; R. Barbieri and G. Giudice, Nucl. Phys. B306 (1988) 63; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; B. de Carlos and J. A. Casas, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 320; G. W. Anderson and D. J. Castaño, Phys. Rev. D52 (1995) 1693; S. Dimopoulos and G. Giudice, CERN preprint CERN-TH/95-188 (1995).
62. [22] J. Ellis, K. Enqvist, D. V. Nanopoulos and F. Zwirner, Mod. Phys. Lett. A1 (1986) 57; R. Barbieri and G. Giudice, Nucl. Phys. B306 (1988) 63; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; B. de Carlos and J. A. Casas, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 320; G. W. Anderson and D. J. Castaño, Phys. Rev. D52 (1995) 1693; S. Dimopoulos and G. Giudice, CERN preprint CERN-TH/95-188 (1995).
63. [22] J. Ellis, K. Enqvist, D. V. Nanopoulos and F. Zwirner, Mod. Phys. Lett. A1 (1986) 57; R. Barbieri and G. Giudice, Nucl. Phys. B306 (1988) 63; M. Olechowski and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B404 (1993) 590; B. de Carlos and J. A. Casas, Phys. Lett. B309 (1993) 320; G. W. Anderson and D. J. Castaño, Phys. Rev. D52 (1995) 1693; S. Dimopoulos and G. Giudice, CERN preprint CERN-TH/95-188 (1995).
64. [23] M. Srednicki, R. Watkins and K. Olive, Nucl. Phys. B310 (1988) 693; J. Ellis, L. Roszkowski and Z. Lalak, Phys. Lett. B245 (1990) 545; J. Ellis, J. S. Hagelin, D. V. Nanopoulos, K. Olive and M. Srednicki, Nucl. Phys. B238 (1984) 453.
65. [23] M. Srednicki, R. Watkins and K. Olive, Nucl. Phys. B310 (1988) 693; J. Ellis, L. Roszkowski and Z. Lalak, Phys. Lett. B245 (1990) 545; J. Ellis, J. S. Hagelin, D. V. Nanopoulos, K. Olive and M. Srednicki, Nucl. Phys. B238 (1984) 453.
66. [23] M. Srednicki, R. Watkins and K. Olive, Nucl. Phys. B310 (1988) 693; J. Ellis, L. Roszkowski and Z. Lalak, Phys. Lett. B245 (1990) 545; J. Ellis, J. S. Hagelin, D. V. Nanopoulos, K. Olive and M. Srednicki, Nucl. Phys. B238 (1984) 453.
67. [24] G. Gelmini and P. Gondolo, Nucl. Phys. B360 (1991) 145.
68. [25] K. Griest, M. Kamionkowski and M. S. Turner, Phys. Rev. D41 (1990) 3565; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Phys. Rev. D47 (1993) 3776.
69. [25] K. Griest, M. Kamionkowski and M. S. Turner, Phys. Rev. D41 (1990) 3565; M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Phys. Rev. D47 (1993) 3776.
70. [26] A. Bottino, V. de Alfaro, N. Fornengo, G. Mignola and M. Pignone, Astroparticle Physics 2 (1994) 67.
71. [27] F. M. Borzumati, M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 341; J. Wu, R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 1371; V. Barger, M.S. Berger, P. Ohmann and R. J. N. Phillips, Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 2438.
72. [27] F. M. Borzumati, M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 341; J. Wu, R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 1371; V. Barger, M.S. Berger, P. Ohmann and R. J. N. Phillips, Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 2438.
73. [27] F. M. Borzumati, M. Drees and M. M. Nojiri, Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 341; J. Wu, R. Arnowitt and P. Nath, Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 1371; V. Barger, M.S. Berger, P. Ohmann and R. J. N. Phillips, Phys. Rev. D51 (1995) 2438.
74. [28] A. J. Buras, M. Misiak, M. Munz and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B424 (1994) 374; A. Ali and C. Greub, Z. Phys. C60 (1993) 423.
75. [28] A. J. Buras, M. Misiak, M. Munz and S. Pokorski, Nucl. Phys. B424 (1994) 374; A. Ali and C. Greub, Z. Phys. C60 (1993) 423.
76. [29] M. S. Alam et al. (CLEO Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995) 2885.
77. [30] M. Carena, M. Olechowski, S. Pokorski and C. E. M. Wagner, Nucl. Phys. B426 (1994) 269; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Phys. Rev. D50 (1994) 7048.
78. [30] M. Carena, M. Olechowski, S. Pokorski and C. E. M. Wagner, Nucl. Phys. B426 (1994) 269; R. Rattazzi and U. Sarid, Phys. Rev. D50 (1994) 7048.
79. [31] V. Barger, M. S. Berger, P. Ohmann and R. J. N. Phillips, Phys. Lett. B314 (1993) 351.
80. [32] B. D. Wright, Wisconsin University preprint MAD/PH/812, hep-ph/9404217 (1994); Particle Data Group, Phys. Rev D50 (1994) 1173.
81. [32] B. D. Wright, Wisconsin University preprint MAD/PH/812, hep-ph/9404217 (1994); Particle Data Group, Phys. Rev D50 (1994) 1173.
82. [33] S. Abachi et al. (D0 Collaboration), FNAL preprint FERMlLAB-PUB-95/057-E D0 (1995).
83. [34] See, for instance, J.A. Casas, A. Lleyda and C. Muñoz, Madrid University preprint FTUAM 95/11 (1995) and references quoted therein.
84. [35] R. Barbieri, M. Frigeni and G. F. Giudice, Nucl. Phys. B313 (1989) 725.
85. [36] For a summary of recent experimental activities and perspectives in this field, see, for instance: L. Mosca, Proceedings of the 29th Rencontres de Moriond: Perspectives in Particle Physics, Atomic Physics and Gravitation, Villar-sur-Ollon, Switzerland, January 1994; B. Sadoulet, TAUP93 Proceedings, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 35 (1994) 117.
86. [36] For a summary of recent experimental activities and perspectives in this field, see, for instance: L. Mosca, Proceedings of the 29th Rencontres de Moriond: Perspectives in Particle Physics, Atomic Physics and Gravitation, Villar-sur-Ollon, Switzerland, January 1994; B. Sadoulet, TAUP93 Proceedings, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 35 (1994) 117.
87. [37] S. P. Ahlen et al., Phys. Lett. B195 (1987) 603; D. O. Caldwell et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 (1988) 510; I. R. Sagdev, A. K. Drukier, D. J. Welsh, A. A. Klimenko, S. B. Osetrov, A. A. Smolnikov, TAUP93 proceedings, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 35 (1994) 175; M. L. Sarsa et al., ibidem 154.
88. [37] S. P. Ahlen et al., Phys. Lett. B195 (1987) 603; D. O. Caldwell et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 (1988) 510; I. R. Sagdev, A. K. Drukier, D. J. Welsh, A. A. Klimenko, S. B. Osetrov, A. A. Smolnikov, TAUP93 proceedings, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 35 (1994) 175; M. L. Sarsa et al., ibidem 154.
89. [37] S. P. Ahlen et al., Phys. Lett. B195 (1987) 603; D. O. Caldwell et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 (1988) 510; I. R. Sagdev, A. K. Drukier, D. J. Welsh, A. A. Klimenko, S. B. Osetrov, A. A. Smolnikov, TAUP93 proceedings, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 35 (1994) 175; M. L. Sarsa et al., ibidem 154.
90. [37] S. P. Ahlen et al., Phys. Lett. B195 (1987) 603; D. O. Caldwell et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 (1988) 510; I. R. Sagdev, A. K. Drukier, D. J. Welsh, A. A. Klimenko, S. B. Osetrov, A. A. Smolnikov, TAUP93 proceedings, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 35 (1994) 175; M. L. Sarsa et al., ibidem 154.
91. [38] D. Reusser et al., Phys. Lett. B255 (1991) 143.
92. [39] M. Beck, (Heidelberg-Moscow Collaboration), TAUP93 Proceedings, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc Suppl) 35 (1994) 150.
93. [40] P. Belli et al. (DAMA Collaboration), Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A336 (1993) 336 and Proceedings of the 1995 International Cosmic Rays Conference (to appear); P. Belli and R. Bernabei, private communication.
94. [40] P. Belli et al. (DAMA Collaboration), Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A336 (1993) 336 and Proceedings of the 1995 International Cosmic Rays Conference (to appear); P. Belli and R. Bernabei, private communication.
95. [41] K. Griest, Phys. Rev. D38 (1988) 2357; Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 (1988) 666.
96. [41] K. Griest, Phys. Rev. D38 (1988) 2357; Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 (1988) 666.
97. [42] M. W. Goodman and E. Witten, Phys. Rev. D31 (1985) 3059.
98. [43] S. J. Dong and K. F. Liu, Proceedings of Lattice 94, Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) 42 (1995) 322.
99. [44] T. P. Cheng, Phys. Rev. D38 (1988) 2869; H.-Y. Cheng, Phys. Lett. B219 (1989) 347.
100. [44] T. P. Cheng, Phys. Rev. D38 (1988) 2869; H.-Y. Cheng, Phys. Lett. B219 (1989) 347.
101. [45] J. Gasser, H. Leutwyler and M. E. Sainio, Phys. Lett. B253 (1991) 252.
102. [46] Bijnens, J. Prades and E. de Rafael, Phys. Lett. B348 (1995) 226.
103. [47] G. Brown and M. Rho, hep-ph/9504250 (1995).
104. [48] J. Ellis and M. Karliner, Phys. Lett. B341 (1995) 397.
105. [49] J. Engel, Phys. Lett. B264 (1991) 114.
106. [50] M. T. Ressel, M. B. Auferheide, S. D. Bloom, K. Griest, G. J. Mathews and D. A. Resler, Phys. Rev. D48 (1993) 5519.
107. [51] E. I. Gates, G. Gyuk and M. S. Turner, FNAL preprint FERMILAB-PUB-95/090-A, (1995).
108. [52] P. H. Chankowski and S. Pokorski, Warsaw University preprint IFT-95/5 (1995).