Androgyny and attachment security: Two related models of optimal personality

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 1996, Pages 582-597

  Shaver, Phillip R ^a   Papalia, Dana ^b   Clark, Catherine L ^a   Koski, Lilah Raynor ^a   Tidwell, Marie C ^c   Nalbone, David ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^d NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030166989     PISSN: 01461672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0146167296226004     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Ainsworth, M.D.S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: Assessed in the strange situation and at home. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
2. Ansbacher, H. L., & Ansbacher, R. R. (Eds.). (1956). The individual psychology of Alfred Adler. New York: Harper & Row.
3. Bakan, D. (1966). The duality of existence: Isolation and communion in Western man. Boston, MA: Beacon.
4. Bartholomew, K. (1990). Avoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7, 147-178.
5. Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244.
6. Baxter, L. A. (1988). A dialectical perspective on communication strategies in relationship development. In S. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships (pp. 257-273). New York: John Wiley.
7. Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162.
8. Bem, S. L. (1985). Androgyny and gender schema theory: A conceptual and empirical integration. In T. B. Sonderegger (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 32. Psychology and Gender (pp. 179-226). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
9. Bowlby, J. (1982). Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment (2nd ed.). New York: Basic Books.
10. Brennan, K. A., Shaver, P. R., & Tobey, A. E. (1991). Attachment styles, gender, and parental problem drinking. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, 451-466.
11. Bretherton, I. (1993). From dialogue to internal working models: The co-construction of self in relationships. In C. A. Nelson (Ed.), The Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology: Vol. 26. Memory and affect in development. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
12. Carver, C. S. (1994). Personality and adult attachment. Unpublished manuscript, University of Miami.
13. Cheek, J. M., & Buss, A. H. (1981). Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 330-339.
14. Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644-663.
15. Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1985). The NEO Personality Inventory manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
16. Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth, and crisis. New York: Norton.
17. Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, M. W. (1985). Personality and individual differences: A natural science approach. New York: Plenum.
18. Feeney, J. A., & Noller, P. (1990). Attachment style as a predictor of adult romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 281-291.
19. Fey, W. F. (1955). Acceptance by others and its relation to acceptance of self and others: A revaluation. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 50, 274-276.
20. Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (1991). Social cognition (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
21. Griffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). The metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment. Advances in Personal Relationships, 5, 17-52.
22. Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524.
23. Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1990). Love and work: An attachment-theoretical perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 270-280.
24. Helgeson, V. S. (1993). Implications of agency and communion for patient and spouse adjustment to a first coronary event. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 807-816.
25. Helgeson, V. S. (1994). Relation of agency and communion to well-being: Evidence and potential explanations. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 412-428.
26. Helmreich, R. L., Spence, J. T., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1981). A psychometric analysis of the Personal Attributes Questionnaire. Sex Roles, 7, 1097-1108.
27. Ickes, W. (1993). Traditional gender roles: Do they make, and then break, our relationships? Journal of Social Issues, 49(3), 71-86.
28. Kelly, J. A., Furman, W., & Young, V. (1978). Problems associated with the typological measurement of sex roles and androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 1574-1576.
29. Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Hazan, C. (1994). Attachment styles and close relationships: A four-year prospective study. Personal Relationships, 1, 123-142.
30. Lenney, E. (1991). Sex roles: The measurement of masculinity, femininity, and androgyny. In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 573-660). New York: Academic Press.
31. Levy, M. B., & Davis, K. E. (1988). Love styles and attachment styles compared: Their relations to each other and to various relationship characteristics. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 5, 439-471.
32. Lubinski, D., Tellegen, A., & Butcher, J. N. (1983). Masculinity, femininity, and androgyny viewed and assessed as distinct concepts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 428-439.
33. Mahler, M., Pine, R., & Bergman, A. (1975). The psychological birth of the human infant. New York: Basic Books.
34. Main, M., Kaplan, N., & Cassidy, J. (1985). Security in infancy, childhood, and adulthood: A move to the level of representation. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 50(1-2, Serial No. 209), 66-104.
35. Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Tolmacz, R. (1990). Attachment styles and fear of personal death: A case study of affect regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 273-280.
36. Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Weller, A. (1993). Attachment styles, coping strategies, and posttraumatic psychological distress: The impact of the Gulf War in Israel. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 817-826.
37. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
38. Rothbard, J. C., & Shaver, P. R. (1994). Continuity of attachment across the lifecourse: An attachment-theoretical perspective on personality. In M. B. Sperling & W. H. Berman (Eds.), Attachment in adults: Theory, assessment, and treatment. New York: Guilford.
39. Scharfe, E., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). Reliability and stability of adult attachment patterns. Personal Relationships, 1, 23-44.
40. Shaver, P. R., & Brennan, K. A. (1992). Attachment styles and the "Big Five" personality traits: Their connections with each other and with romantic relationship outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 536-545.
41. Shaver, P. R., Collins, N., & Clark, C. L. (1996). Attachment styles and internal working models of self and relationship partners. In G.J.O. Fletcher & J. Fitness (Eds.), Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach (pp. 25-62). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
42. Shaver, P. R., & Hazan, C. (1993). Adult romantic attachment: Theory and evidence. In D. Perlman & W. H. Jones (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships (Vol. 4, pp. 29-70). London: Jessica Kingsley.
43. Simpson, J. A. (1990). The influence of attachment style on romantic relationship. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 971-980.
44. Spence, J. T. (1993). Gender-related traits and gender ideology: Evidence for a multifactorial theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 624-635.
45. Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. L. (1978). Masculinity and femininity: Their psychological dimensions, correlates, and antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press.
46. Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., & Holohan, C. K. (1979). Negative and positive components of psychological masculinity and femininity and their relationships to neurotic and acting out behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1673-1682.
47. Spence, J. T., Helmreich, R. L., & Stapp, J. (1975). Ratings of self and peers on sex role attributes and their relations to self-esteem and conceptions of masculinity and femininity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 29-39.
48. Turner, P. J. (1991). Relations between attachment, gender, and behavior with peers in preschool. Child Development, 62, 1475-1488.
49. Wheeler, L., Reis, H., & Nezlek, J. B. (1983). Loneliness, social interaction, and sex roles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 943-953.
50. Wiggins, J. S. (1991). Agency and communion as conceptual coordinates for the understanding and measurement of interpersonal behavior. In D. Cicchetti & W. M. Grove (Eds.), Personality and psychopathology: Essays in honor of Paul E. Meehl (pp. 89-113). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.