메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 16, 1996, Pages 3016-3030

Ferroelectric liquid-crystal waveguide modulation based on a switchable uniaxial–uniaxial interface

Author keywords

Electro optic modulation; Ferroelectric liquid crystal; Mode matching; Optical waveguide theory

Indexed keywords

CONVERGENCE OF NUMERICAL METHODS; ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS; FERROELECTRIC MATERIALS; INTEGRAL EQUATIONS; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MAXWELL EQUATIONS; MODULATORS; OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES; WAVEGUIDE COUPLERS;

EID: 0030166654     PISSN: 1559128X     EISSN: 21553165     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/AO.35.003016     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (30)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 0026169515 scopus 로고
    • Candidate materials and technologies for integrated optics: Fast and efficient electro-optic modulation
    • A. Donaldson, “Candidate materials and technologies for integrated optics: fast and efficient electro-optic modulation,”J. Phys. D 24, 785-802 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Phys. D , vol.24 , pp. 785-802
    • Donaldson, A.1
  • 2
    • 0343167362 scopus 로고
    • Lithium niobate integrated optic
    • M. Lawrence, “Lithium niobate integrated optics,” Rep. Prog. Phys. 56, 363-429 (1993).
    • (1993) Rep. Prog. Phys. , vol.56 , pp. 363-429
    • Lawrence, M.1
  • 4
    • 0024019013 scopus 로고
    • Multiple quantum well (MQW) waveguide modulator
    • T. H. Wood, “Multiple quantum well (MQW) waveguide modulators,”J. Lightwave Technol. 6, 743-757 (1988).
    • (1988) J. , vol.6 , pp. 743-757
    • Wood, T.H.1
  • 6
    • 0020194563 scopus 로고
    • 2 X 2 optical waveguide matrix switch using nematic liquid crystal
    • M. Kobayashi, H. Terui, M. Kawachi, and J. Noda, “2 X 2 optical waveguide matrix switch using nematic liquid crystal,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-18, 1603-1609 (1982).
    • (1982) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.QE-18 , pp. 1603-1609
    • Kobayashi, M.1    Terui, H.2    Kawachi, M.3    Noda, J.4
  • 7
    • 0002296593 scopus 로고
    • Ferroelectric liquid crystals: The development of device
    • S. T. Lagerwall and N. A. Clark, “Ferroelectric liquid crystals: the development of devices,” Ferroelectrics 94, 3-62 (1989).
    • (1989) Ferroelectric , vol.94 , pp. 3-62
    • Lagerwall, S.T.1    Clark, N.A.2
  • 8
    • 0027544612 scopus 로고
    • Smart spatial light modulators using liquid crystals on silicon
    • K. M. Johnson, D. J. McKnight, and I. Underwood, “Smart spatial light modulators using liquid crystals on silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29, 699-714 (1993).
    • (1993) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.29 , pp. 699-714
    • Johnson, K.M.1    Mc Knight, D.J.2    Underwood, I.3
  • 9
    • 0017480737 scopus 로고
    • Liquid-crystal waveguides for integrated optic
    • J. R. Whinnery, C. Hu, and Y. S. Kwon, “Liquid-crystal waveguides for integrated optics,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-13, 363-429 (1977).
    • (1977) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.QE-13 , pp. 363-429
    • Whinnery, J.R.1    Hu, C.2    Kwon, Y.S.3
  • 10
    • 0001095278 scopus 로고
    • Optical waveguide modulation using nematic liquid crystal
    • D. J. Channin, “Optical waveguide modulation using nematic liquid crystal,”Appl. Phys. Lett. 22, 365-366 (1973).
    • (1973) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.22 , pp. 365-366
    • Channin, D.J.1
  • 11
    • 0016485280 scopus 로고
    • Light scattering from nematic liquid crystal waveguide
    • T. G. Giallorenzi and J. P. Sheridan, “Light scattering from nematic liquid crystal waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 46, 1271-1282 (1975).
    • (1975) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.46 , pp. 1271-1282
    • Giallorenzi, T.G.1    Sheridan, J.P.2
  • 12
    • 0016949838 scopus 로고
    • Light scattering from smectic liquid-crystal waveguide
    • T. G. Giallorenzi, J. A. Weiss, and J. P. Sheridan, “Light scattering from smectic liquid-crystal waveguides,” J. Appl. Phys. 47, 1820-1826 (1976).
    • (1976) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.47 , pp. 1820-1826
    • Giallorenzi, T.G.1    Weis, J.A.2    Sheridan, J.P.3
  • 13
    • 0021445314 scopus 로고
    • Electrooptic leaky anisotropic waveguides using nematic liquid crystal overlayer
    • Y. Okamura, K. Kitatani, and S. Yamamoto, “Electrooptic leaky anisotropic waveguides using nematic liquid crystal overlayers,”J. Lightwave Technol. 2, 292-295 (1984).
    • (1984) J. Lightwave Technol. , vol.2 , pp. 292-295
    • Okamura, Y.1    Kitatani, K.2    Yamamoto, S.3
  • 14
    • 0022683172 scopus 로고
    • Low-voltage driving in nematic liquid crystal overlayered waveguide
    • Y. Okamura, K. Kitatani, and S. Yamamoto, “Low-voltage driving in nematic liquid crystal overlayered waveguide,” J. Lightwave Technol. 4, 360-363 (1986).
    • (1986) J. Lightwave Technol. , vol.4 , pp. 360-363
    • Okamura, Y.1    Kitatani, K.2    Yamamoto, S.3
  • 15
    • 0001422601 scopus 로고
    • Low loss nematic liquid crystal cored fiber waveguide
    • M. Green and S. J. Madden, “Low loss nematic liquid crystal cored fiber waveguides,”Appl. Opt. 28, 5202-5203 (1989).
    • (1989) Appl. Opt. , vol.28 , pp. 5202-5203
    • Green, M.1    Madden, S.J.2
  • 16
    • 0345165104 scopus 로고
    • Smectic liquid crystal waveguides with cylindrical geom-etry
    • S. K. Lo, L. M. Galarneau, D. J. Rogers, and S. R. Flom, “Smectic liquid crystal waveguides with cylindrical geom-etry,”Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 201, 137-145 (1991).
    • (1991) Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. , vol.201 , pp. 137-145
    • Lo, S.K.1    Galarneau, L.M.2    Roger, D.J.3    Flom, S.R.4
  • 17
    • 3242892181 scopus 로고
    • Submicrosecond bistable electro-optic switching in liquid crystal
    • N. A. Clark and S. T. Lagerwall, “Submicrosecond bistable electro-optic switching in liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 36, 899-901 (1980).
    • (1980) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.36 , pp. 899-901
    • Clark, N.A.1    Lagerwall, S.T.2
  • 18
    • 8844248885 scopus 로고
    • Phase stability of ferroelectric liquid crystals upon repeated switching and static temperature characteris-tic
    • N. F. Hartman, T. K. Gaylord, T. J. Drabik, and M. A. Handschy, “Phase stability of ferroelectric liquid crystals upon repeated switching and static temperature characteris-tics,”Appl. Opt. 32, 3720-3725 (1993).
    • (1993) Appl. Opt , vol.32 , pp. 3720-3725
    • Hartman, N.F.1    Gaylord, T.K.2    Drabik, T.J.3    Handschy, M.A.4
  • 19
    • 4243186817 scopus 로고
    • Surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid-crystal electro-optic waveguide switch
    • N. A. Clark and M. A. Handschy,“Surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid-crystal electro-optic waveguide switch,”Appl. Phys. Lett. 57, 1852-1854 (1990).
    • (1990) Appl. Phys. Lett , vol.57 , pp. 1852-1854
    • Clark, N.A.1    Handschy, M.A.2
  • 20
    • 0025434320 scopus 로고
    • Fast optical switching in polymer waveguide using ferroelectric liquid crystal
    • M. Ozaki, Y. Sadohara, T. Hatai, and K. Yoshino, “Fast optical switching in polymer waveguide using ferroelectric liquid crystal,”Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 29, L843-845 (1990).
    • (1990) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. , vol.29 , pp. L843-L845
    • Ozaki, M.1    Sadohara, Y.2    Hatai, T.3    Yoshino, K.4
  • 21
    • 0001061528 scopus 로고
    • Waveguide modulator using ferroelectric liquid crystal
    • Y. Sadohara, M. Ozaki, and K. Yoshino, “Waveguide modulator using ferroelectric liquid crystal,” Tech. Rep. Osaka Univ. 42, 137-143 (1992).
    • (1992) Tech. Rep. Osaka Univ. , vol.42 , pp. 137-143
    • Sadohara, Y.1    Ozaki, M.2    Yoshino, K.3
  • 22
    • 0037676455 scopus 로고
    • (Pergamon, Oxford,) Chap
    • M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Pergamon, Oxford, 1970) Chap. 14, p. 665.
    • (1970) Principles of Optic , vol.14 , pp. 665
    • Born, M.1    Wolf, E.2
  • 23
    • 85010113046 scopus 로고
    • Optics in stratified and anisotropic media: 4 X 4-matrix formulation
    • D. W. Berreman, “Optics in stratified and anisotropic media: 4 X 4-matrix formulation,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 62, 502-510 (1972).
    • (1972) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.62 , pp. 502-510
    • Berreman, D.W.1
  • 24
    • 0018469391 scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic propagation in birefringent layered media
    • P. Yeh, “Electromagnetic propagation in birefringent layered media,”J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 742-756 (1979).
    • (1979) J. Opt. Soc. Am , vol.69 , pp. 742-756
    • Yeh, P.1
  • 25
    • 0015675750 scopus 로고
    • Effect of misalignments on coupling efficiency of single-mode optical fiber butt joint
    • J. S. Cook, W. L. Mammel, and R. J. Grow,“Effect of misalignments on coupling efficiency of single-mode optical fiber butt joints,”Bell Syst. Tech. J. 52, 1439-1448 (1973).
    • (1973) Bell Syst. Tech. , vol.52 , pp. 1439-1448
    • Cook, J.S.1    Mammel, W.L.2    Grow, R.J.3
  • 26
    • 0017509058 scopus 로고
    • On the matching of two optical waveguide
    • B. Rulf, “On the matching of two optical waveguides,” Rad. Sci. 12, 593-601 (1977).
    • (1977) Rad. Sci. , vol.12 , pp. 593-601
    • Rulf, B.1
  • 27
    • 0018021597 scopus 로고
    • Rigorous analysis of the step discontinuity in a planar dielectric waveguide
    • T. E. Rozzi, “Rigorous analysis of the step discontinuity in a planar dielectric waveguide,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 26, 738-746 (1978).
    • (1978) IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. , vol.26 , pp. 738-746
    • Rozzi, T.E.1
  • 28
    • 0018998948 scopus 로고
    • Radiation losses due to discontinuities in asymmetric three-layer optical waveguide
    • T. J. M. Boyd, I. Moshkun, and I. M. Stephenson, “Radiation losses due to discontinuities in asymmetric three-layer optical waveguides,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 12, 143-158 (1980).
    • (1980) Opt. Quantum Electron. , vol.12 , pp. 143-158
    • Boyd, T.J.M.1    Moshkun, I.2    Stephenson, I.M.3
  • 29
    • 0001667175 scopus 로고
    • Numerical solution of waveguide-discontinuity problem
    • P. J. B. Clarricoats and K. R. Slinn, “Numerical solution of waveguide-discontinuity problems,” Proc. IEE 114, 878-886 (1967).
    • (1967) Proc. IEE , vol.114 , pp. 878-886
    • Clarricoat, P.J.B.1    Slinn, K.R.2
  • 30
    • 0038244854 scopus 로고
    • Modal matching applied to a discontinuity in a planar surface waveguide
    • P. J. B. Clarricoats and A. B. Sharpe, “Modal matching applied to a discontinuity in a planar surface waveguide,” Electron. Lett. 8, 28-29 (1972).
    • (1972) Electron. Lett. , vol.8 , pp. 28-29
    • Clarricoat, P.J.B.1    Sharpe, A.B.2
  • 31
    • 0005281030 scopus 로고
    • Step discontinuities on dielectric waveguide
    • G. H. Brooke and M. M. Z. Kharadly, “Step discontinuities on dielectric waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 12, 473-475 (1976).
    • (1976) Electron. Lett. , vol.12 , pp. 473-475
    • Brooke, G.H.1    Kharadly, M.M.Z.2
  • 32
    • 0020128455 scopus 로고
    • Scattering by abrupt discontinuities on planar dielectric waveguide
    • G. H. Brooke and M. M. Z. Kharadly, “Scattering by abrupt discontinuities on planar dielectric waveguides,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. MTT-30, 760-770 (1982).
    • (1982) IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. , vol.MTT-30 , pp. 760-770
    • Brooke, G.H.1    Kharadly, M.M.Z.2
  • 33
    • 0022722586 scopus 로고
    • Light propagation in a planar dielectric slab waveguide with step discontinuities: Part 1. Operator formalism
    • W. Biehlig, K. Hehl, U. Langbein, and F. Lederer, “Light propagation in a planar dielectric slab waveguide with step discontinuities: part 1. Operator formalism,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 18, 219-228 (1986).
    • (1986) Opt. Quantum Electron. , vol.18 , pp. 219-228
    • Biehlig, W.1    Hehl, K.2    Langbein, U.3    Lederer, F.4
  • 34
    • 0022722021 scopus 로고
    • Light propagation in a planar dielectric slab waveguide with step discontinuities: Part 2. Numerical analysis of TE-polarized field
    • W. Biehlig, “Light propagation in a planar dielectric slab waveguide with step discontinuities: part 2. Numerical analysis of TE-polarized fields,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 18, 229-238 (1986).
    • (1986) Opt. Quantum Electron. , vol.18 , pp. 229-238
    • Biehlig, W.1
  • 35
    • 0022722587 scopus 로고
    • Light propagation in a planar dielectric slab waveguide with step discontinuities: Part 3. TM-polarized field
    • W. Biehlig and C. Wachter, “Light propagation in a planar dielectric slab waveguide with step discontinuities: part 3. TM-polarized fields,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 18, 239-246 (1986).
    • (1986) Opt. Quantum Electron. , vol.18 , pp. 239-246
    • Biehlig, W.1    Wachter, C.2
  • 36
    • 84975564594 scopus 로고
    • Exact numerical technique for the analysis of step discontinuities and tapers in optical dielectric waveguide
    • P. G. Suchoski and V. Ramaswamy, “Exact numerical technique for the analysis of step discontinuities and tapers in optical dielectric waveguides,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 3, 194-203 (1986).
    • (1986) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.3 , pp. 194-203
    • Suchoski, P.G.1    Ramaswamy, V.2
  • 37
    • 0016534829 scopus 로고
    • Coupled-mode theory for anisotropic optical waveguides, Bell Syst
    • D. Marcuse, “Coupled-mode theory for anisotropic optical waveguides,” Bell Syst. Tech. J. 54, 985-995 (1975).
    • (1975) Tech. J. , vol.54 , pp. 985-995
    • Marcuse, D.1
  • 38
    • 0021408411 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of wave propagation in anisotropic film waveguides with bent optical axe
    • M. Geshiro, Y. Kaihara, and S. Sawa, “Analysis of wave propagation in anisotropic film waveguides with bent optical axes,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 32, 339-347 (1984).
    • (1984) IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. , vol.32 , pp. 339-347
    • Geshiro, M.1    Kaihara, Y.2    Sawa, S.3
  • 39
    • 0026187996 scopus 로고
    • Low-loss optical branching waveguides consisting of anisotropic material
    • S. Sawa, M. Geshiro, and F. Takeda, “Low-loss optical branching waveguides consisting of anisotropic materials,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 39, 1140-1147 (1991).
    • (1991) IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. , vol.39 , pp. 1140-1147
    • Sawa, S.1    Geshiro, M.2    Takeda, F.3
  • 40
    • 0026818764 scopus 로고
    • Coupling efficiency of butt-joined isotropic and anisotropic single-mode slab waveguide
    • S. Sawa, M. Geshiro, M. Hotta, and H. Kanetake, “Coupling efficiency of butt-joined isotropic and anisotropic single-mode slab waveguides,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 40, 338-345 (1992).
    • (1992) IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. , vol.40 , pp. 338-345
    • Sawa, S.1    Geshiro, M.2    Hotta, M.3    Kanetake, H.4
  • 42
    • 0001190337 scopus 로고
    • Method to obtain uniform bookshelf textures in smectic C* liquid crystal
    • A. Jakli and A. Saupe, “Method to obtain uniform bookshelf textures in smectic C* liquid crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 2622-2624 (1992).
    • (1992) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.60 , pp. 2622-2624
    • Jakli, A.1    Saupe, A.2
  • 43
    • 0003363392 scopus 로고
    • Theory of dielectric waveguide
    • T. Tamir, ed. (Springer-Verlag, New York,), Chap. 2
    • H. Kogelnik, “Theory of dielectric waveguides,” in Guided-Wave Optoelectronics, T. Tamir, ed. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988), Chap. 2, p. 7.
    • (1988) Guided-Wave Optoelectronic , pp. 7
    • Kogelnik, H.1
  • 44
    • 0024018167 scopus 로고
    • Hybrid guided modes in uniaxial dielectric planar waveguide
    • A. Knoesen, T. K. Gaylord, and M. G. Moharam, “Hybrid guided modes in uniaxial dielectric planar waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 6, 1083-1104 (1988).
    • (1988) J. Lightwave Technol. , vol.6 , pp. 1083-1104
    • Knoesen, A.1    Gaylord, T.K.2    Moharam, M.G.3
  • 47
    • 0018433139 scopus 로고
    • Modes of a symmetric slab optical waveguide in birefringent media, part II: Slab with coplanar optical axi
    • D. Marcuse and I. P. Kaminow, “Modes of a symmetric slab optical waveguide in birefringent media, part II: slab with coplanar optical axis,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-15, 92-101 (1979).
    • (1979) IEEE J. Quantum Electron. , vol.QE-15 , pp. 92-101
    • Marcuse, D.1    Kaminow, I.P.2
  • 48
    • 0342728765 scopus 로고
    • New type of electromagnetic wave propagating at an interface
    • M. I. D’yakonov, “New type of electromagnetic wave propagating at an interface,” Sov. Phys. JETP 67, 714-716 (1988).
    • (1988) Sov. Phys. JETP , vol.67 , pp. 714-716
    • D’yakonov, M.I.1
  • 49
    • 3843125280 scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic waves localized at the interface of transparent anisotropic media
    • N. S. Averkiev and M. I. D’yakonov, “Electromagnetic waves localized at the interface of transparent anisotropic media,” Sov. Phys. JETP 68, 653-655 (1990).
    • (1990) Sov. Phys. JETP , vol.68 , pp. 653-655
    • Averkiev, N.S.1    D’yakonov, M.I.2
  • 51
    • 0024739748 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of refractive indices of ferroelectric SmC* liquid crystal by the Fabry-Perot interference method
    • M. Kawaida, T. Yamaguchi, and T. Akahane, “Measurement of refractive indices of ferroelectric SmC* liquid crystal by the Fabry-Perot interference method,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28, L1602-1605 (1989).
    • (1989) Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. , vol.28 , pp. L1602-L1605
    • Kawaida, M.1    Yamaguchi, T.2    Akahane, T.3
  • 53
    • 0026929054 scopus 로고
    • Multilayer waveguides: Efficient numerical analysis of general structure
    • E. Anemogiannis and E. N. Glytsis, “Multilayer waveguides: efficient numerical analysis of general structures,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 1344-1351 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Lightwave Technol. , vol.10 , pp. 1344-1351
    • Anemogianni, E.1    Glytsi, E.N.2
  • 55
    • 0020550040 scopus 로고
    • Ferroelectric liquid crystal electro-optics using the surface stabilized structure
    • N. A. Clark, M. A. Handschy, and S. T. Laggerwall, “Ferroelectric liquid crystal electro-optics using the surface stabilized structure,”Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 94, 213-234 (1983).
    • (1983) Mol. Cryst. Liq. , vol.94 , pp. 213-234
    • Clark, N.A.1    Handschy, M.A.2    Laggerwall, S.T.3
  • 56
    • 0027677496 scopus 로고
    • Guided-to-leaky mode transition in uniaxial optical slab waveguide
    • L. Torner, J. Recolons, and J. P. Torres, “Guided-to-leaky mode transition in uniaxial optical slab waveguides,” J. Lightwave Technol. 11, 1592-1600 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Lightwave Technol. , vol.11 , pp. 1592-1600
    • Torner, L.1    Recolon, J.2    Torre, J.P.3
  • 57
    • 0027540597 scopus 로고
    • Anisotropic dielectric waveguide
    • M. Lu and M. M. Fejer, “Anisotropic dielectric waveguides,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 10, 246-261 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.10 , pp. 246-261
    • Lu, M.1    Fejer, M.M.2
  • 58
    • 0025459893 scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional step discontinuities in planar waveguides: Angular-spectrum represent
    • W. Biehlig and U. Langbein, “Three-dimensional step discontinuities in planar waveguides: angular-spectrum represent tation of guided wavefields and generalized matrix-operator formalism,” Opt. Quantum Electron. 22, 319-333 (1990).
    • (1990) Opt. Quantum Electron , vol.22 , pp. 319-333
    • Biehlig, W.1    Langbein, U.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.