Clinical gait analysis: A review

Human Movement Science

Volumn 15, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 369-387

  Whittle, Michael W ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE AT CHATTANOOGA   (United States)

^b Siskin Hosp for Phys Rehab   (United States)

Author keywords

Cerebral palsy; Gait; Gait analysis; Locomotion; Walking

Indexed keywords

EID: 0030163371     PISSN: 01679457     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0167-9457(96)00006-1     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Amar, J., 1920. The human motor. New York: Dutton.
2. Basmajian, J.V., 1974. Muscles alive: their functions revealed by electromyography. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins.
3. Bresler, B. and J.P. Frankel, 1950. The forces and moments in the leg during level walking. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Transactions 72, 27-36.
4. Cavagna, G.A. and R. Margaria, 1966. Mechanics of walking. Journal of Applied Physiology 21, 271-278.
5. Cunha, U.V., 1988. Differential diagnosis of gait disorders in the elderly. Geriatrics 43, 33-42.
6. Davis, R.B., 1988. Clinical gait analysis. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine. September, 35-40.
7. Elftman, H., 1938. The measurement of the external force in walking. Science 88, 152-153.
8. Gage, J.R., 1983. Gait analysis for decision-making in cerebral palsy. Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute 43, 147-163.
9. Gage, J.R., 1991. Gait analysis in cerebral palsy. London, UK: MacKeith Press.
10. Garrison, F.H., 1929. An introduction to the history of medicine. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Co.
11. Hicks, R., N. Durinick and J.R. Gage, 1988. Differentiation of idiopathic toe-walking and cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 8, 160-163.
12. Inman, V.T., H.J. Ralston and F. Todd, 1981. Human walking. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins.
13. Lehmann, J.F., S.M. Condon, R. Price and B.J. deLateur, 1987. Gait abnormalities in hemiplegia: their correction by ankle-foot orthoses. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 68, 763-771.
14. Morris, J.R.W., 1973. Accelerometry - a technique for the measurement of human body movements. Journal of Biomechanics 6, 729-736.
15. New York University, 1986. Lower limb orthotics. New York: Prosthetics and Orthotics, New York University Postgraduate Medical School.
16. Paul, J.P., 1965. Bio-engineering studies of the forces transmitted by joints. (II) Engineering analysis. In: J.P. Kenedi (Ed.), Biomechanics and Related Bioengineering Topics (pp. 369-380). Oxford, UK: Pergamon.
17. Perry, J. and M.M. Hoffer, 1977. Preoperative and postoperative dynamic electromyography as an aid in planning tendon transfers in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 59A, 531-537.
18. Perry, J., 1992. Gait analysis: normal and pathological function. Thorofare, New Jersey: SLACK Incorporated.
19. Prodromos, C.C., T.P. Andriacchi and J.O. Galante, 1985. A relationship between gait and clinical changes following high tibial osteotomy. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 67A, 1188-1194.
20. Rose, G.K., 1983. Clinical gait assessment: a personal view. Journal of Medical Engineering and Technology 7, 273-279.
21. Steindler, A., 1953. A historical review of the studies and investigations made in relation to human gait. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 35A, 540-542.
22. Sutherland, D.H., 1978. Gait analysis in cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 20, 807-813.
23. Whittle, M.W., 1982. Calibration and performance of a three-dimensional television system for kinematic analysis. Journal of Biomechanics 15, 185-196.
24. Whittle, M.W., 1991. Gait analysis: an introduction. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.
25. Whittle, M.W., 1996. Gait analysis: an introduction (2nd edn.). Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.
26. Winter, D.A., 1983. Energy generation and absorption at the ankle and knee during fast, natural, and slow cadences. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 175, 147-154.
27. Winter, D.A., A.O. Quanbury and G.D. Reimer, 1976. Analysis of instantaneous energy of normal gait. Journal of Biomechanics 9, 253-257.