With certain reservations: The American Veterinary Community's reception of Pasteur's work on rabies

Agricultural History

Volumn 70, Issue 3, 1996, Pages 503-523

  Blaisdell, John D ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; FRANCE; HISTORY; HUMAN; RABIES; UNITED STATES; VETERINARY MEDICINE;

FRANCE; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; RABIES; UNITED STATES; VETERINARY MEDICINE;

EID: 0030158199     PISSN: 00021482     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (121)

1. René Vallery-Radot, The Life of Pasteur, trans. R. P. Devonshire (New York: Dover, 1960); Gerald L. Geison, "Louis Pasteur," Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 10 (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974), 351-410; "M. Pasteur's Treatment of Hydrophobia," Veterinarian 59 (April 1886): 294-95; "Pasteur's Method Commended by a Belgian Commission," American Veterinary Review 9 (August/September 1885): 246; "Rabies, Report of the Committee of the House of Lords," Veterinarian 60 (September 1887): 693; "Parliamentary Intelligence: M. Pasteur's Treatment," Veterinarian 60 (July 1887): 542; William Pendry, "M. Pasteur's Preventive Treatment of Hydrophobia," American Veterinary Review 10 (November 1886): 362.
2. René Vallery-Radot, The Life of Pasteur, trans. R. P. Devonshire (New York: Dover, 1960); Gerald L. Geison, "Louis Pasteur," Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 10 (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974), 351-410; "M. Pasteur's Treatment of Hydrophobia," Veterinarian 59 (April 1886): 294-95; "Pasteur's Method Commended by a Belgian Commission," American Veterinary Review 9 (August/September 1885): 246; "Rabies, Report of the Committee of the House of Lords," Veterinarian 60 (September 1887): 693; "Parliamentary Intelligence: M. Pasteur's Treatment," Veterinarian 60 (July 1887): 542; William Pendry, "M. Pasteur's Preventive Treatment of Hydrophobia," American Veterinary Review 10 (November 1886): 362.
3. René Vallery-Radot, The Life of Pasteur, trans. R. P. Devonshire (New York: Dover, 1960); Gerald L. Geison, "Louis Pasteur," Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 10 (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974), 351-410; "M. Pasteur's Treatment of Hydrophobia," Veterinarian 59 (April 1886): 294-95; "Pasteur's Method Commended by a Belgian Commission," American Veterinary Review 9 (August/September 1885): 246; "Rabies, Report of the Committee of the House of Lords," Veterinarian 60 (September 1887): 693; "Parliamentary Intelligence: M. Pasteur's Treatment," Veterinarian 60 (July 1887): 542; William Pendry, "M. Pasteur's Preventive Treatment of Hydrophobia," American Veterinary Review 10 (November 1886): 362.
4. René Vallery-Radot, The Life of Pasteur, trans. R. P. Devonshire (New York: Dover, 1960); Gerald L. Geison, "Louis Pasteur," Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 10 (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974), 351-410; "M. Pasteur's Treatment of Hydrophobia," Veterinarian 59 (April 1886): 294-95; "Pasteur's Method Commended by a Belgian Commission," American Veterinary Review 9 (August/September 1885): 246; "Rabies, Report of the Committee of the House of Lords," Veterinarian 60 (September 1887): 693; "Parliamentary Intelligence: M. Pasteur's Treatment," Veterinarian 60 (July 1887): 542; William Pendry, "M. Pasteur's Preventive Treatment of Hydrophobia," American Veterinary Review 10 (November 1886): 362.
5. René Vallery-Radot, The Life of Pasteur, trans. R. P. Devonshire (New York: Dover, 1960); Gerald L. Geison, "Louis Pasteur," Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 10 (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974), 351-410; "M. Pasteur's Treatment of Hydrophobia," Veterinarian 59 (April 1886): 294-95; "Pasteur's Method Commended by a Belgian Commission," American Veterinary Review 9 (August/September 1885): 246; "Rabies, Report of the Committee of the House of Lords," Veterinarian 60 (September 1887): 693; "Parliamentary Intelligence: M. Pasteur's Treatment," Veterinarian 60 (July 1887): 542; William Pendry, "M. Pasteur's Preventive Treatment of Hydrophobia," American Veterinary Review 10 (November 1886): 362.
6. René Vallery-Radot, The Life of Pasteur, trans. R. P. Devonshire (New York: Dover, 1960); Gerald L. Geison, "Louis Pasteur," Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 10 (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974), 351-410; "M. Pasteur's Treatment of Hydrophobia," Veterinarian 59 (April 1886): 294-95; "Pasteur's Method Commended by a Belgian Commission," American Veterinary Review 9 (August/September 1885): 246; "Rabies, Report of the Committee of the House of Lords," Veterinarian 60 (September 1887): 693; "Parliamentary Intelligence: M. Pasteur's Treatment," Veterinarian 60 (July 1887): 542; William Pendry, "M. Pasteur's Preventive Treatment of Hydrophobia," American Veterinary Review 10 (November 1886): 362.
7. René Vallery-Radot, The Life of Pasteur, trans. R. P. Devonshire (New York: Dover, 1960); Gerald L. Geison, "Louis Pasteur," Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 10 (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974), 351-410; "M. Pasteur's Treatment of Hydrophobia," Veterinarian 59 (April 1886): 294-95; "Pasteur's Method Commended by a Belgian Commission," American Veterinary Review 9 (August/September 1885): 246; "Rabies, Report of the Committee of the House of Lords," Veterinarian 60 (September 1887): 693; "Parliamentary Intelligence: M. Pasteur's Treatment," Veterinarian 60 (July 1887): 542; William Pendry, "M. Pasteur's Preventive Treatment of Hydrophobia," American Veterinary Review 10 (November 1886): 362.
8. Leslie B. Prince, The Farrier and His Craft (New York: J. A. Allen, 1980), 1-9; Leslie P. Pugh, From Farriery to Veterinary Medicine (Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons, 1962); Iain Pattison, The British Veterinary Profession (London: J. A. Allen, 1984); Joan Lane, "The Farriers of Georgian England," in The Advancement of Veterinary Science, ed. A. R. Michell (Cambridge: C.A.B. International University Press, 1993), 99-117; William Coleman, A Guide to Farriers Attached to the British Cavalry (London, 1799).
9. Leslie B. Prince, The Farrier and His Craft (New York: J. A. Allen, 1980), 1-9; Leslie P. Pugh, From Farriery to Veterinary Medicine (Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons, 1962); Iain Pattison, The British Veterinary Profession (London: J. A. Allen, 1984); Joan Lane, "The Farriers of Georgian England," in The Advancement of Veterinary Science, ed. A. R. Michell (Cambridge: C.A.B. International University Press, 1993), 99-117; William Coleman, A Guide to Farriers Attached to the British Cavalry (London, 1799).
10. Leslie B. Prince, The Farrier and His Craft (New York: J. A. Allen, 1980), 1-9; Leslie P. Pugh, From Farriery to Veterinary Medicine (Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons, 1962); Iain Pattison, The British Veterinary Profession (London: J. A. Allen, 1984); Joan Lane, "The Farriers of Georgian England," in The Advancement of Veterinary Science, ed. A. R. Michell (Cambridge: C.A.B. International University Press, 1993), 99-117; William Coleman, A Guide to Farriers Attached to the British Cavalry (London, 1799).
11. Leslie B. Prince, The Farrier and His Craft (New York: J. A. Allen, 1980), 1-9; Leslie P. Pugh, From Farriery to Veterinary Medicine (Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons, 1962); Iain Pattison, The British Veterinary Profession (London: J. A. Allen, 1984); Joan Lane, "The Farriers of Georgian England," in The Advancement of Veterinary Science, ed. A. R. Michell (Cambridge: C.A.B. International University Press, 1993), 99-117; William Coleman, A Guide to Farriers Attached to the British Cavalry (London, 1799).
12. Leslie B. Prince, The Farrier and His Craft (New York: J. A. Allen, 1980), 1-9; Leslie P. Pugh, From Farriery to Veterinary Medicine (Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons, 1962); Iain Pattison, The British Veterinary Profession (London: J. A. Allen, 1984); Joan Lane, "The Farriers of Georgian England," in The Advancement of Veterinary Science, ed. A. R. Michell (Cambridge: C.A.B. International University Press, 1993), 99-117; William Coleman, A Guide to Farriers Attached to the British Cavalry (London, 1799).
13. "Some Account of the Disease Called Hollow-Horn," Philadelphia Medical and Physical Register, pt. 1, vol. 1, 1804, 77-79; Alexander Liautard, "History and Progress of Veterinary Medicine in the United States," American Veterinary Review 1 (January 1877): 5-19; George Dadd, The American Cattle Doctor (New York: O. Judd, 1851); "Inversion of The Womb after Calving," American Veterinary Journal 1 (July 1856): 321-22; C. D. Bent, "Case of Milk Fever," American Veterinary Journal 1 (September 1856): 373-74.
14. "Some Account of the Disease Called Hollow-Horn," Philadelphia Medical and Physical Register, pt. 1, vol. 1, 1804, 77-79; Alexander Liautard, "History and Progress of Veterinary Medicine in the United States," American Veterinary Review 1 (January 1877): 5-19; George Dadd, The American Cattle Doctor (New York: O. Judd, 1851); "Inversion of The Womb after Calving," American Veterinary Journal 1 (July 1856): 321-22; C. D. Bent, "Case of Milk Fever," American Veterinary Journal 1 (September 1856): 373-74.
15. "Some Account of the Disease Called Hollow-Horn," Philadelphia Medical and Physical Register, pt. 1, vol. 1, 1804, 77-79; Alexander Liautard, "History and Progress of Veterinary Medicine in the United States," American Veterinary Review 1 (January 1877): 5-19; George Dadd, The American Cattle Doctor (New York: O. Judd, 1851); "Inversion of The Womb after Calving," American Veterinary Journal 1 (July 1856): 321-22; C. D. Bent, "Case of Milk Fever," American Veterinary Journal 1 (September 1856): 373-74.
16. "Some Account of the Disease Called Hollow-Horn," Philadelphia Medical and Physical Register, pt. 1, vol. 1, 1804, 77-79; Alexander Liautard, "History and Progress of Veterinary Medicine in the United States," American Veterinary Review 1 (January 1877): 5-19; George Dadd, The American Cattle Doctor (New York: O. Judd, 1851); "Inversion of The Womb after Calving," American Veterinary Journal 1 (July 1856): 321-22; C. D. Bent, "Case of Milk Fever," American Veterinary Journal 1 (September 1856): 373-74.
17. "Some Account of the Disease Called Hollow-Horn," Philadelphia Medical and Physical Register, pt. 1, vol. 1, 1804, 77-79; Alexander Liautard, "History and Progress of Veterinary Medicine in the United States," American Veterinary Review 1 (January 1877): 5-19; George Dadd, The American Cattle Doctor (New York: O. Judd, 1851); "Inversion of The Womb after Calving," American Veterinary Journal 1 (July 1856): 321-22; C. D. Bent, "Case of Milk Fever," American Veterinary Journal 1 (September 1856): 373-74.
18. J. F. Smithcors, The American Veterinary Profession: Its Background and Treatment (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1963), 642; Annual Report of the President and the Treasurer of Harvard College, 1897-98 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1899), 196.
19. J. F. Smithcors, The American Veterinary Profession: Its Background and Treatment (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1963), 642; Annual Report of the President and the Treasurer of Harvard College, 1897-98 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1899), 196.
20. Liautard, "History and Progress of Veterinary Medicine," 16.
21. John Faust, "Tuberculin as a Means of Diagnosis," American Veterinary Review 17 (July 1893): 174; Austin Peters, "A Tuberculous Herd - Test with Tuberculin," American Veterinary Review 17 (March 1894): 643; "Tuberculin as A Diagnostic Agent," American Veterinary Review 17 (March 1894): 696-97.
22. John Faust, "Tuberculin as a Means of Diagnosis," American Veterinary Review 17 (July 1893): 174; Austin Peters, "A Tuberculous Herd - Test with Tuberculin," American Veterinary Review 17 (March 1894): 643; "Tuberculin as A Diagnostic Agent," American Veterinary Review 17 (March 1894): 696-97.
23. John Faust, "Tuberculin as a Means of Diagnosis," American Veterinary Review 17 (July 1893): 174; Austin Peters, "A Tuberculous Herd - Test with Tuberculin," American Veterinary Review 17 (March 1894): 643; "Tuberculin as A Diagnostic Agent," American Veterinary Review 17 (March 1894): 696-97.
24. London Hospital Anniversary Report, 1859 (London, 1859), 19; Thomas Watson, "Hydrophobia and Rabies," Nineteenth Century 10 (December 1877): 717-18; "Notes and News: Dogs in London," Veterinary Journal 23 (September 1886): 229; John K. Walton, "Mad Dogs and Englishmen: The Conflict over Rabies in Late Victorian England," Journal of Social History 13 (Winter 1979): 221; Harriet Ritvo, The Animal Estate (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987), 169-70; Bangor Daily Whig and Courier, 19 February 1849; John Duffy, A History of Public Health in New York City, 1625-1866 (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1968), 216.
25. London Hospital Anniversary Report, 1859 (London, 1859), 19; Thomas Watson, "Hydrophobia and Rabies," Nineteenth Century 10 (December 1877): 717-18; "Notes and News: Dogs in London," Veterinary Journal 23 (September 1886): 229; John K. Walton, "Mad Dogs and Englishmen: The Conflict over Rabies in Late Victorian England," Journal of Social History 13 (Winter 1979): 221; Harriet Ritvo, The Animal Estate (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987), 169-70; Bangor Daily Whig and Courier, 19 February 1849; John Duffy, A History of Public Health in New York City, 1625-1866 (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1968), 216.
26. London Hospital Anniversary Report, 1859 (London, 1859), 19; Thomas Watson, "Hydrophobia and Rabies," Nineteenth Century 10 (December 1877): 717-18; "Notes and News: Dogs in London," Veterinary Journal 23 (September 1886): 229; John K. Walton, "Mad Dogs and Englishmen: The Conflict over Rabies in Late Victorian England," Journal of Social History 13 (Winter 1979): 221; Harriet Ritvo, The Animal Estate (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987), 169-70; Bangor Daily Whig and Courier, 19 February 1849; John Duffy, A History of Public Health in New York City, 1625-1866 (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1968), 216.
27. London Hospital Anniversary Report, 1859 (London, 1859), 19; Thomas Watson, "Hydrophobia and Rabies," Nineteenth Century 10 (December 1877): 717-18; "Notes and News: Dogs in London," Veterinary Journal 23 (September 1886): 229; John K. Walton, "Mad Dogs and Englishmen: The Conflict over Rabies in Late Victorian England," Journal of Social History 13 (Winter 1979): 221; Harriet Ritvo, The Animal Estate (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987), 169-70; Bangor Daily Whig and Courier, 19 February 1849; John Duffy, A History of Public Health in New York City, 1625-1866 (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1968), 216.
28. London Hospital Anniversary Report, 1859 (London, 1859), 19; Thomas Watson, "Hydrophobia and Rabies," Nineteenth Century 10 (December 1877): 717-18; "Notes and News: Dogs in London," Veterinary Journal 23 (September 1886): 229; John K. Walton, "Mad Dogs and Englishmen: The Conflict over Rabies in Late Victorian England," Journal of Social History 13 (Winter 1979): 221; Harriet Ritvo, The Animal Estate (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987), 169-70; Bangor Daily Whig and Courier, 19 February 1849; John Duffy, A History of Public Health in New York City, 1625-1866 (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1968), 216.
29. London Hospital Anniversary Report, 1859 (London, 1859), 19; Thomas Watson, "Hydrophobia and Rabies," Nineteenth Century 10 (December 1877): 717-18; "Notes and News: Dogs in London," Veterinary Journal 23 (September 1886): 229; John K. Walton, "Mad Dogs and Englishmen: The Conflict over Rabies in Late Victorian England," Journal of Social History 13 (Winter 1979): 221; Harriet Ritvo, The Animal Estate (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987), 169-70; Bangor Daily Whig and Courier, 19 February 1849; John Duffy, A History of Public Health in New York City, 1625-1866 (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1968), 216.
30. London Hospital Anniversary Report, 1859 (London, 1859), 19; Thomas Watson, "Hydrophobia and Rabies," Nineteenth Century 10 (December 1877): 717-18; "Notes and News: Dogs in London," Veterinary Journal 23 (September 1886): 229; John K. Walton, "Mad Dogs and Englishmen: The Conflict over Rabies in Late Victorian England," Journal of Social History 13 (Winter 1979): 221; Harriet Ritvo, The Animal Estate (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987), 169-70; Bangor Daily Whig and Courier, 19 February 1849; John Duffy, A History of Public Health in New York City, 1625-1866 (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1968), 216.
31. "A Case of Imaginary Hydrophobia," Medical Record 30 (9 October 1886): 404; "Historical Chronicle," Gentleman's Magazine 36 (February 1766): 100.
32. "A Case of Imaginary Hydrophobia," Medical Record 30 (9 October 1886): 404; "Historical Chronicle," Gentleman's Magazine 36 (February 1766): 100.
33. Louis Pasteur, "De l'attenuation du virus de cholera des poules," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 91 (July-December 1880): 673; Louis Pasteur, "Sur le rouget, on mal rouget de Porcs," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 95 (January-June 1882): 1120; Louis Pasteur, "Le Vaccin du Charbon," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (January-June 1881): 666; Louis Pasteur, "De la Possibilitie de Pendre les Moutons refractaires au Charbon par la Methode des inoculations preventives," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (July-December 1881): 666; "Chicken Cholera," American Veterinary Review 4 (July 1880): 131-41; "The Germ of Hog Cholera," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 4 (April 1883): 179; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; Louis Pasteur, "Upon Rabies," American Veterinary Review 7 (April 1883): 24-25; Louis Pasteur, George Chamberland, and Emil Roux, "New Experiments on Rabies," American Veterinary Review 8 (June 1884): 131-32; Jean Renaud Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of all his Communications on the Subject, the Technique of his Method and the Latest Statistical Results (London: Chapman and Hall, 1887).
34. Louis Pasteur, "De l'attenuation du virus de cholera des poules," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 91 (July-December 1880): 673; Louis Pasteur, "Sur le rouget, on mal rouget de Porcs," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 95 (January-June 1882): 1120; Louis Pasteur, "Le Vaccin du Charbon," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (January-June 1881): 666; Louis Pasteur, "De la Possibilitie de Pendre les Moutons refractaires au Charbon par la Methode des inoculations preventives," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (July-December 1881): 666; "Chicken Cholera," American Veterinary Review 4 (July 1880): 131-41; "The Germ of Hog Cholera," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 4 (April 1883): 179; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; Louis Pasteur, "Upon Rabies," American Veterinary Review 7 (April 1883): 24-25; Louis Pasteur, George Chamberland, and Emil Roux, "New Experiments on Rabies," American Veterinary Review 8 (June 1884): 131-32; Jean Renaud Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of all his Communications on the Subject, the Technique of his Method and the Latest Statistical Results (London: Chapman and Hall, 1887).
35. Louis Pasteur, "De l'attenuation du virus de cholera des poules," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 91 (July-December 1880): 673; Louis Pasteur, "Sur le rouget, on mal rouget de Porcs," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 95 (January-June 1882): 1120; Louis Pasteur, "Le Vaccin du Charbon," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (January-June 1881): 666; Louis Pasteur, "De la Possibilitie de Pendre les Moutons refractaires au Charbon par la Methode des inoculations preventives," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (July-December 1881): 666; "Chicken Cholera," American Veterinary Review 4 (July 1880): 131-41; "The Germ of Hog Cholera," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 4 (April 1883): 179; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; Louis Pasteur, "Upon Rabies," American Veterinary Review 7 (April 1883): 24-25; Louis Pasteur, George Chamberland, and Emil Roux, "New Experiments on Rabies," American Veterinary Review 8 (June 1884): 131-32; Jean Renaud Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of all his Communications on the Subject, the Technique of his Method and the Latest Statistical Results (London: Chapman and Hall, 1887).
36. Louis Pasteur, "De l'attenuation du virus de cholera des poules," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 91 (July-December 1880): 673; Louis Pasteur, "Sur le rouget, on mal rouget de Porcs," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 95 (January-June 1882): 1120; Louis Pasteur, "Le Vaccin du Charbon," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (January-June 1881): 666; Louis Pasteur, "De la Possibilitie de Pendre les Moutons refractaires au Charbon par la Methode des inoculations preventives," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (July-December 1881): 666; "Chicken Cholera," American Veterinary Review 4 (July 1880): 131-41; "The Germ of Hog Cholera," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 4 (April 1883): 179; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; Louis Pasteur, "Upon Rabies," American Veterinary Review 7 (April 1883): 24-25; Louis Pasteur, George Chamberland, and Emil Roux, "New Experiments on Rabies," American Veterinary Review 8 (June 1884): 131-32; Jean Renaud Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of all his Communications on the Subject, the Technique of his Method and the Latest Statistical Results (London: Chapman and Hall, 1887).
37. Louis Pasteur, "De l'attenuation du virus de cholera des poules," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 91 (July-December 1880): 673; Louis Pasteur, "Sur le rouget, on mal rouget de Porcs," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 95 (January-June 1882): 1120; Louis Pasteur, "Le Vaccin du Charbon," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (January-June 1881): 666; Louis Pasteur, "De la Possibilitie de Pendre les Moutons refractaires au Charbon par la Methode des inoculations preventives," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (July-December 1881): 666; "Chicken Cholera," American Veterinary Review 4 (July 1880): 131-41; "The Germ of Hog Cholera," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 4 (April 1883): 179; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; Louis Pasteur, "Upon Rabies," American Veterinary Review 7 (April 1883): 24-25; Louis Pasteur, George Chamberland, and Emil Roux, "New Experiments on Rabies," American Veterinary Review 8 (June 1884): 131-32; Jean Renaud Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of all his Communications on the Subject, the Technique of his Method and the Latest Statistical Results (London: Chapman and Hall, 1887).
38. Louis Pasteur, "De l'attenuation du virus de cholera des poules," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 91 (July-December 1880): 673; Louis Pasteur, "Sur le rouget, on mal rouget de Porcs," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 95 (January-June 1882): 1120; Louis Pasteur, "Le Vaccin du Charbon," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (January-June 1881): 666; Louis Pasteur, "De la Possibilitie de Pendre les Moutons refractaires au Charbon par la Methode des inoculations preventives," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (July-December 1881): 666; "Chicken Cholera," American Veterinary Review 4 (July 1880): 131-41; "The Germ of Hog Cholera," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 4 (April 1883): 179; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; Louis Pasteur, "Upon Rabies," American Veterinary Review 7 (April 1883): 24-25; Louis Pasteur, George Chamberland, and Emil Roux, "New Experiments on Rabies," American Veterinary Review 8 (June 1884): 131-32; Jean Renaud Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of all his Communications on the Subject, the Technique of his Method and the Latest Statistical Results (London: Chapman and Hall, 1887).
39. Louis Pasteur, "De l'attenuation du virus de cholera des poules," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 91 (July-December 1880): 673; Louis Pasteur, "Sur le rouget, on mal rouget de Porcs," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 95 (January-June 1882): 1120; Louis Pasteur, "Le Vaccin du Charbon," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (January-June 1881): 666; Louis Pasteur, "De la Possibilitie de Pendre les Moutons refractaires au Charbon par la Methode des inoculations preventives," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (July-December 1881): 666; "Chicken Cholera," American Veterinary Review 4 (July 1880): 131-41; "The Germ of Hog Cholera," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 4 (April 1883): 179; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; Louis Pasteur, "Upon Rabies," American Veterinary Review 7 (April 1883): 24-25; Louis Pasteur, George Chamberland, and Emil Roux, "New Experiments on Rabies," American Veterinary Review 8 (June 1884): 131-32; Jean Renaud Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of all his Communications on the Subject, the Technique of his Method and the Latest Statistical Results (London: Chapman and Hall, 1887).
40. Louis Pasteur, "De l'attenuation du virus de cholera des poules," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 91 (July-December 1880): 673; Louis Pasteur, "Sur le rouget, on mal rouget de Porcs," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 95 (January-June 1882): 1120; Louis Pasteur, "Le Vaccin du Charbon," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (January-June 1881): 666; Louis Pasteur, "De la Possibilitie de Pendre les Moutons refractaires au Charbon par la Methode des inoculations preventives," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (July-December 1881): 666; "Chicken Cholera," American Veterinary Review 4 (July 1880): 131-41; "The Germ of Hog Cholera," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 4 (April 1883): 179; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; Louis Pasteur, "Upon Rabies," American Veterinary Review 7 (April 1883): 24-25; Louis Pasteur, George Chamberland, and Emil Roux, "New Experiments on Rabies," American Veterinary Review 8 (June 1884): 131-32; Jean Renaud Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of all his Communications on the Subject, the Technique of his Method and the Latest Statistical Results (London: Chapman and Hall, 1887).
41. Louis Pasteur, "De l'attenuation du virus de cholera des poules," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 91 (July-December 1880): 673; Louis Pasteur, "Sur le rouget, on mal rouget de Porcs," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 95 (January-June 1882): 1120; Louis Pasteur, "Le Vaccin du Charbon," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (January-June 1881): 666; Louis Pasteur, "De la Possibilitie de Pendre les Moutons refractaires au Charbon par la Methode des inoculations preventives," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (July-December 1881): 666; "Chicken Cholera," American Veterinary Review 4 (July 1880): 131-41; "The Germ of Hog Cholera," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 4 (April 1883): 179; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; Louis Pasteur, "Upon Rabies," American Veterinary Review 7 (April 1883): 24-25; Louis Pasteur, George Chamberland, and Emil Roux, "New Experiments on Rabies," American Veterinary Review 8 (June 1884): 131-32; Jean Renaud Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of all his Communications on the Subject, the Technique of his Method and the Latest Statistical Results (London: Chapman and Hall, 1887).
42. Louis Pasteur, "De l'attenuation du virus de cholera des poules," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 91 (July-December 1880): 673; Louis Pasteur, "Sur le rouget, on mal rouget de Porcs," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 95 (January-June 1882): 1120; Louis Pasteur, "Le Vaccin du Charbon," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (January-June 1881): 666; Louis Pasteur, "De la Possibilitie de Pendre les Moutons refractaires au Charbon par la Methode des inoculations preventives," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences 92 (July-December 1881): 666; "Chicken Cholera," American Veterinary Review 4 (July 1880): 131-41; "The Germ of Hog Cholera," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 4 (April 1883): 179; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; Louis Pasteur, "Upon Rabies," American Veterinary Review 7 (April 1883): 24-25; Louis Pasteur, George Chamberland, and Emil Roux, "New Experiments on Rabies," American Veterinary Review 8 (June 1884): 131-32; Jean Renaud Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of all his Communications on the Subject, the Technique of his Method and the Latest Statistical Results (London: Chapman and Hall, 1887).
43. John D. Blaisdell, "A Frightful - but not necessarily Fatal - Madness: Rabies in Eighteenth-Century England and English North America" (Ph.D. diss., Iowa State University, 1995).
44. Louis Pasteur et al., "Nouveaux Faits pour Servir a la Connaissance de la Rage," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie Des Sciences 95 (11 December 1882): 1187-92; Jean Theodorides, Histoire De La rage Cave canem (New York: Masson, 1986), 202.
45. Louis Pasteur et al., "Nouveaux Faits pour Servir a la Connaissance de la Rage," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie Des Sciences 95 (11 December 1882): 1187-92; Jean Theodorides, Histoire De La rage Cave canem (New York: Masson, 1986), 202.
46. Pasteur, Chamberland, and Roux, "New Experiments on Rabies," 131-32; Louis Pasteur, "Notes and News," Science 6 (9 October 1885): 312; "Pasteurization against Hydrophobia," Medical Record 26 (30 August 1884): 239.
47. Pasteur, Chamberland, and Roux, "New Experiments on Rabies," 131-32; Louis Pasteur, "Notes and News," Science 6 (9 October 1885): 312; "Pasteurization against Hydrophobia," Medical Record 26 (30 August 1884): 239.
48. Pasteur, Chamberland, and Roux, "New Experiments on Rabies," 131-32; Louis Pasteur, "Notes and News," Science 6 (9 October 1885): 312; "Pasteurization against Hydrophobia," Medical Record 26 (30 August 1884): 239.
49. Louis Pasteur, "Methode pour prevenir la rage apres mosure," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences, vol. 101, pt. 2 (October-December 1885): 763-72; Gerald L. Geison, The Private Science of Louis Pasteur (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), 245.
50. Louis Pasteur, "Methode pour prevenir la rage apres mosure," Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences, vol. 101, pt. 2 (October-December 1885): 763-72; Gerald L. Geison, The Private Science of Louis Pasteur (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995), 245.
51. "Pasteurs Method of Inoculation against Rabies and Guerin's Objections," Medical Record 28 (21 November 1885): 576; "Is Pasteur Also to Collapse," Medical Record 30 (21 August 1886): 216.
52. "Pasteurs Method of Inoculation against Rabies and Guerin's Objections," Medical Record 28 (21 November 1885): 576; "Is Pasteur Also to Collapse," Medical Record 30 (21 August 1886): 216.
53. "Pasteur's Treatment of Hydrophobia," American Veterinary Review 11 (August 1887): 225-27; Pendry, "M. Pasteur's Preventive Treatment of Hydrophobia," 362; Hermann Biggs, "The Etiology of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 10 (August 1886): 221.
54. "Pasteur's Treatment of Hydrophobia," American Veterinary Review 11 (August 1887): 225-27; Pendry, "M. Pasteur's Preventive Treatment of Hydrophobia," 362; Hermann Biggs, "The Etiology of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 10 (August 1886): 221.
55. "Pasteur's Treatment of Hydrophobia," American Veterinary Review 11 (August 1887): 225-27; Pendry, "M. Pasteur's Preventive Treatment of Hydrophobia," 362; Hermann Biggs, "The Etiology of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 10 (August 1886): 221.
56. Frank S. Billings, "Rabies in the Dog in Its Relation to Rabies in Man with Especial Reference to Its Prevention and to Pasteur's System of Preventive Inoculation," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 7 (April 1886): 167; G. Archie Stockwell, "Rabies versus Common Sense," American Veterinary Review 10 (January 1887): 448; J. H. Adamson, "Hydrophobia," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 16 (March 1895): 154.
57. Frank S. Billings, "Rabies in the Dog in Its Relation to Rabies in Man with Especial Reference to Its Prevention and to Pasteur's System of Preventive Inoculation," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 7 (April 1886): 167; G. Archie Stockwell, "Rabies versus Common Sense," American Veterinary Review 10 (January 1887): 448; J. H. Adamson, "Hydrophobia," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 16 (March 1895): 154.
58. Frank S. Billings, "Rabies in the Dog in Its Relation to Rabies in Man with Especial Reference to Its Prevention and to Pasteur's System of Preventive Inoculation," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 7 (April 1886): 167; G. Archie Stockwell, "Rabies versus Common Sense," American Veterinary Review 10 (January 1887): 448; J. H. Adamson, "Hydrophobia," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 16 (March 1895): 154.
59. George Fleming, Rabies and Hydrophobia: Their History, Nature, Causes, Symptoms and Prevention (London: Chapman and Hall, 1872), 242-46; Henri Bouley, Hydrophobia: Means of Avoiding Its Perils and Preventing Its Spread, trans. Alexander Liautard (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1874), 51.
60. George Fleming, Rabies and Hydrophobia: Their History, Nature, Causes, Symptoms and Prevention (London: Chapman and Hall, 1872), 242-46; Henri Bouley, Hydrophobia: Means of Avoiding Its Perils and Preventing Its Spread, trans. Alexander Liautard (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1874), 51.
61. Fleming, Rabies and Hydrophobia, 381.
62. New York Herald, 3 December 1885; New York Times, 3 December 1885.
63. New York Herald, 3 December 1885; New York Times, 3 December 1885.
64. New York Times, 4 December 1885; New York Herald, 4 December 1885.
65. New York Times, 4 December 1885; New York Herald, 4 December 1885.
66. New York Herald, 5, 6, and 7 December 1885.
67. New York Herald, 5 December 1885; New York Times, 4 December 1885.
68. New York Herald, 5 December 1885; New York Times, 4 December 1885.
69. New York Herald, 4 and 7 December 1885. It was later discovered that the animal in question had a .32-caliber bullet lodged near the base of his brain, a fact that caused the veterinary officer, Dr. Runge, to respond: "I think that ought to make any animal of ordinary vitality very sick." See New York Herald, 8 and 10 December 1885; New York Times, 24 and 29 December 1885.
70. New York Herald, 4 and 7 December 1885. It was later discovered that the animal in question had a .32-caliber bullet lodged near the base of his brain, a fact that caused the veterinary officer, Dr. Runge, to respond: "I think that ought to make any animal of ordinary vitality very sick." See New York Herald, 8 and 10 December 1885; New York Times, 24 and 29 December 1885.
71. New York Herald, 4 and 7 December 1885. It was later discovered that the animal in question had a .32-caliber bullet lodged near the base of his brain, a fact that caused the veterinary officer, Dr. Runge, to respond: "I think that ought to make any animal of ordinary vitality very sick." See New York Herald, 8 and 10 December 1885; New York Times, 24 and 29 December 1885.
72. New York Herald, 16, 17, 18, and 27 December 1885.
73. New York Herald, 1 and 3 January 1886; New York Herald, 3 January 1886; New York Times, 3 January 1886.
74. New York Herald, 1 and 3 January 1886; New York Herald, 3 January 1886; New York Times, 3 January 1886.
75. New York Herald, 1 and 3 January 1886; New York Herald, 3 January 1886; New York Times, 3 January 1886.
76. New York Times, 26 January, 1 March, and 24 March 1886; New York Herald, 25 March 1886.
77. New York Times, 26 January, 1 March, and 24 March 1886; New York Herald, 25 March 1886.
78. Charles-Edward A. Winslow, The Life of Hermann M. Biggs, M.D., D.Sc., L.LD. (Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1929).
79. Biggs, "The Etiology of Rabies," 221; "The Etiology of Rabies and the Method of M. Pasteur for Its Prevention," New York Medical Journal 43 (27 March 1886): 342.
80. Biggs, "The Etiology of Rabies," 221; "The Etiology of Rabies and the Method of M. Pasteur for Its Prevention," New York Medical Journal 43 (27 March 1886): 342.
81. Smithcors, The American Veterinary Profession, 398-400; Billings, "Rabies in the Dog," 167.
82. Smithcors, The American Veterinary Profession, 398-400; Billings, "Rabies in the Dog," 167.
83. E. C. Spitzka, "How Can We Prevent False Hydrophobia?" Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 7 (July 1886): 253-55.
84. The term "virus" for the infective agent of rabies has been in use since the time of the late Roman Empire. Up to the time of Pasteur, however, this term was synonymous with "poison." By the end of the nineteenth century there were claims to the contrary; no one had yet seen the causative viral agent for rabies. See, Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of All His Communications, 73; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; "The Sad Fate of Pasteur's Hydrophobia Germs," Medical Record 19 (21 May 1881): 573-74; "Medical Progress: M. Pasteur on the Virus of Rabies," Journal of the American Medical Association 3 (July 1884): 40-41; "News of the Week: Discovery of the Microbe of Rabies," Medical Record 30 (3 July 1886): 16; M. Rivolta, "The Microbe of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 10 (July 1886): 192-93; John D. Blaisdell and Amy Thomsen, "From the Fangs of Cerberus: The Possible Origin of the Classical Beliefs about Rabies," Argos, Bulletin van het Veterinair Historisch Genootshap 11 (Fall 1994): 5-8.
85. The term "virus" for the infective agent of rabies has been in use since the time of the late Roman Empire. Up to the time of Pasteur, however, this term was synonymous with "poison." By the end of the nineteenth century there were claims to the contrary; no one had yet seen the causative viral agent for rabies. See, Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of All His Communications, 73; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; "The Sad Fate of Pasteur's Hydrophobia Germs," Medical Record 19 (21 May 1881): 573-74; "Medical Progress: M. Pasteur on the Virus of Rabies," Journal of the American Medical Association 3 (July 1884): 40-41; "News of the Week: Discovery of the Microbe of Rabies," Medical Record 30 (3 July 1886): 16; M. Rivolta, "The Microbe of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 10 (July 1886): 192-93; John D. Blaisdell and Amy Thomsen, "From the Fangs of Cerberus: The Possible Origin of the Classical Beliefs about Rabies," Argos, Bulletin van het Veterinair Historisch Genootshap 11 (Fall 1994): 5-8.
86. The term "virus" for the infective agent of rabies has been in use since the time of the late Roman Empire. Up to the time of Pasteur, however, this term was synonymous with "poison." By the end of the nineteenth century there were claims to the contrary; no one had yet seen the causative viral agent for rabies. See, Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of All His Communications, 73; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; "The Sad Fate of Pasteur's Hydrophobia Germs," Medical Record 19 (21 May 1881): 573-74; "Medical Progress: M. Pasteur on the Virus of Rabies," Journal of the American Medical Association 3 (July 1884): 40-41; "News of the Week: Discovery of the Microbe of Rabies," Medical Record 30 (3 July 1886): 16; M. Rivolta, "The Microbe of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 10 (July 1886): 192-93; John D. Blaisdell and Amy Thomsen, "From the Fangs of Cerberus: The Possible Origin of the Classical Beliefs about Rabies," Argos, Bulletin van het Veterinair Historisch Genootshap 11 (Fall 1994): 5-8.
87. The term "virus" for the infective agent of rabies has been in use since the time of the late Roman Empire. Up to the time of Pasteur, however, this term was synonymous with "poison." By the end of the nineteenth century there were claims to the contrary; no one had yet seen the causative viral agent for rabies. See, Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of All His Communications, 73; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; "The Sad Fate of Pasteur's Hydrophobia Germs," Medical Record 19 (21 May 1881): 573-74; "Medical Progress: M. Pasteur on the Virus of Rabies," Journal of the American Medical Association 3 (July 1884): 40-41; "News of the Week: Discovery of the Microbe of Rabies," Medical Record 30 (3 July 1886): 16; M. Rivolta, "The Microbe of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 10 (July 1886): 192-93; John D. Blaisdell and Amy Thomsen, "From the Fangs of Cerberus: The Possible Origin of the Classical Beliefs about Rabies," Argos, Bulletin van het Veterinair Historisch Genootshap 11 (Fall 1994): 5-8.
88. The term "virus" for the infective agent of rabies has been in use since the time of the late Roman Empire. Up to the time of Pasteur, however, this term was synonymous with "poison." By the end of the nineteenth century there were claims to the contrary; no one had yet seen the causative viral agent for rabies. See, Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of All His Communications, 73; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; "The Sad Fate of Pasteur's Hydrophobia Germs," Medical Record 19 (21 May 1881): 573-74; "Medical Progress: M. Pasteur on the Virus of Rabies," Journal of the American Medical Association 3 (July 1884): 40-41; "News of the Week: Discovery of the Microbe of Rabies," Medical Record 30 (3 July 1886): 16; M. Rivolta, "The Microbe of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 10 (July 1886): 192-93; John D. Blaisdell and Amy Thomsen, "From the Fangs of Cerberus: The Possible Origin of the Classical Beliefs about Rabies," Argos, Bulletin van het Veterinair Historisch Genootshap 11 (Fall 1994): 5-8.
89. The term "virus" for the infective agent of rabies has been in use since the time of the late Roman Empire. Up to the time of Pasteur, however, this term was synonymous with "poison." By the end of the nineteenth century there were claims to the contrary; no one had yet seen the causative viral agent for rabies. See, Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of All His Communications, 73; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; "The Sad Fate of Pasteur's Hydrophobia Germs," Medical Record 19 (21 May 1881): 573-74; "Medical Progress: M. Pasteur on the Virus of Rabies," Journal of the American Medical Association 3 (July 1884): 40-41; "News of the Week: Discovery of the Microbe of Rabies," Medical Record 30 (3 July 1886): 16; M. Rivolta, "The Microbe of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 10 (July 1886): 192-93; John D. Blaisdell and Amy Thomsen, "From the Fangs of Cerberus: The Possible Origin of the Classical Beliefs about Rabies," Argos, Bulletin van het Veterinair Historisch Genootshap 11 (Fall 1994): 5-8.
90. The term "virus" for the infective agent of rabies has been in use since the time of the late Roman Empire. Up to the time of Pasteur, however, this term was synonymous with "poison." By the end of the nineteenth century there were claims to the contrary; no one had yet seen the causative viral agent for rabies. See, Suzor, Hydrophobia: An Account of M. Pasteur's System Containing a Translation of All His Communications, 73; Louis Pasteur, "Upon the Presence of the Virus of Rabies in the Cerebral Substance of Mad Animals," American Veterinary Review 5 (July 1881): 166-67; "The Sad Fate of Pasteur's Hydrophobia Germs," Medical Record 19 (21 May 1881): 573-74; "Medical Progress: M. Pasteur on the Virus of Rabies," Journal of the American Medical Association 3 (July 1884): 40-41; "News of the Week: Discovery of the Microbe of Rabies," Medical Record 30 (3 July 1886): 16; M. Rivolta, "The Microbe of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 10 (July 1886): 192-93; John D. Blaisdell and Amy Thomsen, "From the Fangs of Cerberus: The Possible Origin of the Classical Beliefs about Rabies," Argos, Bulletin van het Veterinair Historisch Genootshap 11 (Fall 1994): 5-8.
91. New York Herald, 8 December 1885.
92. For an excellent discussion of Liautard and his contributions to the American veterinary profession, see Smithcors, The American Veterinary Profession, 319-20.
93. New York Herald, 16 April, 19 May, and 13 June 1886; New York Times, 20 April 1886.
94. New York Herald, 16 April, 19 May, and 13 June 1886; New York Times, 20 April 1886.
95. James A. Walrath, "Cerebral Inoculation as a Means of Diagnosis in the Post-Mortem of Rabid Animals," American Veterinary Review 10 (June 1886): 120-22.
96. New York Herald, 6 January 1886.
97. Spitzka, "How Can We Prevent False Hydrophobia?" 245, 260-63.
98. New York Herald, 7 January 1886; New York Times, 12 June 1886; Zulma Steele, Angel in Top Hat (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1942), 138.
99. New York Herald, 7 January 1886; New York Times, 12 June 1886; Zulma Steele, Angel in Top Hat (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1942), 138.
100. New York Herald, 7 January 1886; New York Times, 12 June 1886; Zulma Steele, Angel in Top Hat (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1942), 138.
101. "Cerebral Inoculation in Doubtful Cases of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 10 (August 1886): 203.
102. New York Herald, 8 June 1886.
103. Rush Shippen Huidekoper, "Rabies," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 10 (January 1889): 57; Harold C. Ernst, "An Experimental Research upon Rabies," American Veterinary Review 11 (August 1887): 230-31; A. B. Kelly, "Rabies, With a Report of Two Recent Outbreaks," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 19 (November 1898), 741.
104. Rush Shippen Huidekoper, "Rabies," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 10 (January 1889): 57; Harold C. Ernst, "An Experimental Research upon Rabies," American Veterinary Review 11 (August 1887): 230-31; A. B. Kelly, "Rabies, With a Report of Two Recent Outbreaks," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 19 (November 1898), 741.
105. Rush Shippen Huidekoper, "Rabies," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Surgery 10 (January 1889): 57; Harold C. Ernst, "An Experimental Research upon Rabies," American Veterinary Review 11 (August 1887): 230-31; A. B. Kelly, "Rabies, With a Report of Two Recent Outbreaks," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 19 (November 1898), 741.
106. M. Stalker, Outbreak of Rabies in Iowa," American Veterinary Review 12 (July 1888): 173; Frank S. Billings, "Rabies in Cattle," American Veterinary Review 10 (February 1887): 506; R. H. Harrison, "Reports of Cases: Some Cases in Cattle-Practice," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 19 (March 1898): 163; William Eddy, "Rabies in Cattle," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 20 (December 1899): 790.
107. M. Stalker, Outbreak of Rabies in Iowa," American Veterinary Review 12 (July 1888): 173; Frank S. Billings, "Rabies in Cattle," American Veterinary Review 10 (February 1887): 506; R. H. Harrison, "Reports of Cases: Some Cases in Cattle-Practice," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 19 (March 1898): 163; William Eddy, "Rabies in Cattle," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 20 (December 1899): 790.
108. M. Stalker, Outbreak of Rabies in Iowa," American Veterinary Review 12 (July 1888): 173; Frank S. Billings, "Rabies in Cattle," American Veterinary Review 10 (February 1887): 506; R. H. Harrison, "Reports of Cases: Some Cases in Cattle-Practice," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 19 (March 1898): 163; William Eddy, "Rabies in Cattle," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 20 (December 1899): 790.
109. M. Stalker, Outbreak of Rabies in Iowa," American Veterinary Review 12 (July 1888): 173; Frank S. Billings, "Rabies in Cattle," American Veterinary Review 10 (February 1887): 506; R. H. Harrison, "Reports of Cases: Some Cases in Cattle-Practice," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 19 (March 1898): 163; William Eddy, "Rabies in Cattle," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 20 (December 1899): 790.
110. "Bitten by a Mad Horse," American Veterinary Review 11 (January 1888): 476; B. M. Underbill, "Case of Equine Rabies," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 17 (March 1896): 214-15; E. M. Ranck, "Report of a Case of Rabies, Including Experiments on Rabbits," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 20 (August 1899): 510-11.
111. "Bitten by a Mad Horse," American Veterinary Review 11 (January 1888): 476; B. M. Underbill, "Case of Equine Rabies," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 17 (March 1896): 214-15; E. M. Ranck, "Report of a Case of Rabies, Including Experiments on Rabbits," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 20 (August 1899): 510-11.
112. "Bitten by a Mad Horse," American Veterinary Review 11 (January 1888): 476; B. M. Underbill, "Case of Equine Rabies," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 17 (March 1896): 214-15; E. M. Ranck, "Report of a Case of Rabies, Including Experiments on Rabbits," Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Archives 20 (August 1899): 510-11.
113. Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 43, 463.
114. Allen D. Leman et al., eds., Diseases of Swine, 5th ed. (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1981), 213-15.
115. M. Van Passen, "Pseudorabies or Eclampsia in Cows," American
116. M. Van Passen, "Pseudorabies or Eclampsia in Cows," American Veterinary Review 15 (September 1891): 345-46; G. A. Johnson, "Pseudo Rabies in Cattle," American Veterinary Review 18 (July 1894): 273, 277.
117. Robert F. Kahrs, Viral Diseases of Cattle (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1981), 198; Gunther Wittman, ed., Herpes Virus Diseases of Cattle, Horses and Pigs (Boston: Kluner Academic Publishers, 1989), 163-64.
118. Robert F. Kahrs, Viral Diseases of Cattle (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1981), 198; Gunther Wittman, ed., Herpes Virus Diseases of Cattle, Horses and Pigs (Boston: Kluner Academic Publishers, 1989), 163-64.
119. William Burrows, Textbook of Microbiology, 20th ed. (Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1973), 42, 917; Veranus A. Moore and Cassius Way, "A Rapid Method for the Diagnosis of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 28 (October 1904): 658-62; Cassius Way, "The Negri Bodies and the Diagnosis of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 29 (December 1905): 937-42.
120. William Burrows, Textbook of Microbiology, 20th ed. (Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1973), 42, 917; Veranus A. Moore and Cassius Way, "A Rapid Method for the Diagnosis of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 28 (October 1904): 658-62; Cassius Way, "The Negri Bodies and the Diagnosis of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 29 (December 1905): 937-42.
121. William Burrows, Textbook of Microbiology, 20th ed. (Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1973), 42, 917; Veranus A. Moore and Cassius Way, "A Rapid Method for the Diagnosis of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 28 (October 1904): 658-62; Cassius Way, "The Negri Bodies and the Diagnosis of Rabies," American Veterinary Review 29 (December 1905): 937-42.